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55. solvit pudorem, did away her scruple: pudor is that feeling of shame which rises from self-respect.

57. bidentes, the name given to the sheep during the second year, when two of the eight "milk-teeth" (in the lower jaw only) drop out, and are replaced by two large, conspicuous, permanent teeth; so that, till the beginning of the third year, when two more are replaced in a similar way, the creature looks as if it had only two teeth in all. This sacrifice was a kind of sin-offering.

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A fine representation of her is given in Fig. 89.

59. Iunoni: Juno was the special guardian of women, each woman having her own Juno, as every man his genius. She presided over marriage, and (as Lucina) over childbirth. (See Fig. 90.)

61. vaccae, the cow, apparently, to Juno alone.

62. ora, i.e. of the statues.-spatiatur: before a sacrifice, the Roman performed a slow measured movement before the altar, holding a lighted torch.- pinguis: the portion laid upon the altar consisted principally of bones and fat.

63. instaurat diem donis, renews the offerings the next day, lit., renews the day with gifts, i.e. makes a new day of sacrifice by means of the offerings. This repetition seems to be caused by the anxiety of Dido to secure the favor of the gods. It is possible, also, as suggested by Ladewig, that the omens may have continued unfavorable. — reclusis, opened. This ceremony represents the extispicium, the most important form of augury.

64. spirantia exta, the palpitating entrails; the heart, liver, etc., were the organs observed in this sort of divination. — inhians, gazing (lit., with open mouth).

65. ignarae, i.e. in supposing these sacrifices and omens can avail a woman consumed with love.

66. est (§ 140; G. 187; H. 291) ... medullas, the subtle flame consumes her vitals: many take mollis with medullas.

69. coniecta sagitta, when the arrow has reached its mark.

70. Cresia: the particular place has no significance except so far as the Cretans were famous archers, and to give the favorite Greek flavor. 71. pastor agens: the figure is of an accidental shot by a shepherd, which has taken effect without his knowledge.—volatile, flying.

75. paratam, emphatic: already prepared, so that he need seek no further for a city yet to be built.

77. eadem, she, again. — labente die, at the close of day, the usual time for the principal meal.

78. demens, heedless, since it would only inflame her unhappy passion. 79. pendet ab ore, hangs on the lips.

80. lumen.

...

premit, the moon in her turn hides her light. 82. stratis relictis, the couch [in the banquet-hall] which he has left. 83. absens, absentem: a favorite collocation of words with the ancients, bringing the same or kindred words together.

84. Ascanium, who has now returned to his father in his proper shape. genitoris imagine, his likeness to his father, lit., the image of his father in him.

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85. infandum amorem, her unspeakable love. - si possit, to try if For construction cf. i. 578 and note.

she can.

87. portus: notice that there is a division into two parts connected by -ve; the second part is again subdivided by aut.

88. minae murorum, menacing walls: a favorite Latin form of expression, making a quality more emphatic by embodying it in a noun.

89. machina, enginery: probably the crane or windlass that remains useless at the top of the unfinished wall. (See Fig. 91.)

90. peste, plague (the madness of love). — teneri, possessed.

91. famam = regard for her reputation, a common form of expression in Latin, where we with more exactness require two words instead of one. The Latin, with its small vocabulary and brevity of expression, often makes one word mean more than we do.

92. adgreditur, accosts: used of the one who begins the dialogue.

93. vero, truly (ironical). — refertis, you carry off: used of carrying away the prize won in battle.

96. nec... fallit, and it does not escape me, either, that in fear of our walls you have held in suspicion, etc. adeo only gives emphasis to the whole.

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98. quo, etc., to what end with all this strife? Many editions have certamina tanta. We must suppose an ellipsis of tendis, or some such word, taking the noun (certamine) as ablative of means.

100. exercemus, maintain; see § 269, f; G. 268.

IOI. traxit furorem has caught the madness (and feels it) throughout her frame.

102. communem (§ 186, c; G. 324; H. 438, 2), in common, i.e. with joint authority. - auspiciis: from the power possessed only by the highest magistrates of taking the auspices, this word comes to mean authority.

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103. liceat, sc. ei, i.e. Dido. marito (§ 227; G. 345; H. 385, i.). 104. dotales Tyrios, the Tyrians as her dower: i.e. the portion brought by the wife to her husband (dos), not the marriage-portion settled upon the wife, as among northern nations (Tac. Germ. 18). The gift is

here supposed to be given to Venus, as if she too, as the mother of Æneas, were to be made a tutelar deity of Carthage.

105. enim, giving the reason for her answering deceitfully, i.e. she matches craft with craft. simulata mente, with deceitful purpose.

106. averteret (§ 317, b; G. 585; H. 497, ii.), turn aside. The name of the place from which is not expressed.

107. quis... abnuat, who so foolish as to refuse? (§ 268; G. 251; H. 486, ii.).

109. si

...

sequatur: the conclusion is contained in quis talia, etc., which is equivalent to a statement that Venus would assent in case, etc..— quod memoras, which you suggest; for mood see § 340, head-note; G. 631, R.; H. 529, ii. N.1

110. sed...feror, but I am led by the fates, uncertain whether, i.e. I have no will of my own, and it may be that this course is not fated. si... velit (§ 334, ƒ; G. 4622).

III. Tyriis, etc., see i. 732.

114. excepit, lit., took her up, i.e. answered.

116. confieri (conficio), be established (§ 142, c, end; H. 297, iii. 2). 117. venatum (§ 302; G. 436; H. 546).

119. Titan: the name of the old nature-divinities displaced by the gods of Olympus, applied very appropriately afterwards, to the sun-god especially. — retexerit, shall disclose; compare reclusis, v. 63.

120. his, dat. after infundam, I will pour on them.—grandine (abl. abs.).

121. dum trepidant alae, while the bands [of huntsmen] hurry hither and thither: the alae are properly the outriders or "beaters" who drive the game towards the grand battue, as cavalry (the usual meaning of the word) serve as skirmishers in battle.—indagine, closing-up, the process by which the game are hemmed in at the skirts of the wood (from indu, old form of in and ago).

123. tegentur, will be wrapped or hidden. 125. si mihi certa, i.e. if I can rely on it.

126. This line is supposed to be wrongly inserted here from Book i. 127. hic hymenaeus erit, here shall be their marriage-rite. Conington gives Hymenaeus, the god of wedlock; the presence of Juno, Venus, and Hymen being supposed needful to make the marriage perfect. - non adversata, not objecting.

128. dolis. repertis (abl. abs.), smiled at her transparent craft. 130. portis (abl. of separation). — iubare exorto (abl. abs.), when the sunbeams rose.

131. rara, i.e. with large meshes. (See Figs. 11 and 12, p. 24.)

132. Massyli, i.e. her African attendants. odora canum vis = the keen-scented pack of hounds.

133. thalamo cunctantem, delaying in her chamber. - limina, the palace door. The picture is that of a distinguished Roman whose clients and friends await him at the door to escort him to the forum.

135. sonipes = the prancing steed.

137. chlamydem (Gr. acc.): the chlamys was a round cape, fastened by a clasp over the shoulder. (See Fig. 48, p. 89.) — circumdata, with a Tyrian cloak surrounded by an embroidered border.

138. nodantur in aurum = are gathered into a knot with gold.

139. fibula: apparently a gold buckle to her girdle, though no such appears in works of art.

142. agmina iungit, brings the bands together, i.e. his own with the other.

Fig. 92.

...

143. qualis . Apollo, like Apollo, when he quits the wintry Lycia, etc. Many tales spoke of the journeyings of Apollo, which may have reference to the abode of the summer and winter sun, though the description is purely fanciful and pictorial. One of his abiding-places was among the Hyperboreans of the distant north.

144. maternam, see iii. 75, and note.

145. instaurat, repeats after interruption.

146. fremunt, make a confused noise. — picti, stained with paint, like the ancient Britons. The Agathyrsi are an Hyperborean people.

147. molli... fingens, shaping his loose locks, he confines them with the soft garland. - fluentem: the god is represented with long hair. 149. segnior, less briskly.

150. tantum decus, an equal glory (with Apollo).

152. deiectae, driven down.

154. transmittunt (sc. se) campos (§ 239, b; G. 330, R.1; H. 372), course the open fields.

157. equo (§ 254, b; G. 407; H. 420). (For two ancient huntingscenes see Figs. 92 and 93.)

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