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102. volvens monumenta, unrolling the records, a metaphor better suited to Virgil's time than to that of his hero; see note to i. 262.

212.

104. Iovis insula, see note v. 131 and cf. Od. xix. 172; Bry.

105. gentis cunabula, the cradle of the race, as proved to his mind by the existence of a Mt. Ida in Crete.

106. centum urbes (Il. ii. 649; Od. xix. 174). — habitant (§ 167,6; G. 199, R.3).

Fig. 79.

107. audita, see § 219; H. 441, 2.

108. Rhoeteas: Rhateum is the name of a small town and promontory just north of Troy; cf. Il. xx. 215-218; Bry. 217, speaking of Dardanus.

110. steterant (§ 279, R.; G. 233, 2).

III. hinc, i.e. from the colony of Teucer. - cultrix Cybeli, she that cherishes Cybelus (a mountain of Phrygia); Rhea or Cybele, wife of Saturn, "mother of the gods," and the special deity of the Troad and neigh

boring parts of Asia Minor. Her rites were of a wild fanatical nature,
performed by her votaries the Corybantes amid the beating of drums and
the blowing of pipes. The fida silentia (v. 112) refer to the mysteries
which belonged to her worship, not to the mode of worship itself. Her
car is pictured as drawn by lions. Her worship (introduced B.C. 207) be-
came one of the most frequented in Rome in the later republic.
journey to Rome is quaintly represented in Fig. 79.)

112. sacris (§ 231; G. 349; H. 387).

(Her

115. Gnosia, a common name of Crete, derived from one of its towns. 116. nec longo cursu, about one hundred and fifty miles (§ 250; G. 400, R.; H. 423). — Iuppiter, as god of the skies and storms. — adsit, see § 266, d; G. 575; H. 513, i.

118. meritos, due, i.e. by custom.

...

120. nigram albam (Il. iii. 103; Bry. 130), a black victim to the Power which is besought to withhold his wrath (cf. vi. 250); a white one to the friendly deity. — felicibus, prospering; cf. i. 330.

121. regnis (§ 258, a; G. 411, R.4; H. 412, 2). — cessisse (§ 330, e; H. 535, 3).

122. Idomenea: according to the story, Idomeneus, overtaken by a storm, had vowed to sacrifice to the sea-god the first living thing that should meet him on his safe return. This proved to be his son, who was accordingly sacrificed; but a pestilence followed, and Idomeneus was driven from Crete, and settled in Italy (v. 400); compare the story of Jephthah.

123. hoste (243, a; G. 388; H. 414, i.). — adstare, stood ready.relictas (186, c; G. 324).

124. pelago (§ 258, g; G. 387).

125. bacchatam iugis, whose heights are visited in the orgies, i.e. in the rites of Bacchus.

126. niveam, on account of the much-prized white marble.

127. consita, thick strown with islands; hence the name of the group, Sporades. The reading concita seems less natural.. - terris (§ 248, c).

128. nauticus (§ 190).

129. petamus, direct discourse (hortatory subjunctive).

130. prosequitur euntes, attends us on our way. This phrase is regularly used of human escort, and so here in a manner personifies the L. wine.

131. Curetum, priests of Jupiter in Crete, where his worship was conducted with orgies and noisy rites, like that of Cybele. His infancy was passed there in concealment, and his cries were drowned by the clashing

of the arms of the Curetes. (See Fig. 80.) — oris (§ 225, b; G. 344, r.3; H. 385, 4).

132. avidus molior, eagerly I begin.

133. Pergameam: the historic name was Pergamum.

134. amare focos, to cherish their new home (§ 331, g; G. 546, R.1;

H. 535, iv.). — arcem ...

habitations.

tectis (§ 235), to erect a stronghold over their

Fig. 80.

135. fere (qualifying the whole situation); the colony was well-nigh established.-subductae, the technical term for beaching the ancient ships, which were usually kept on land and only launched on occasion of a voyage (cf. v. 71).

136. cōnubiis (trisyllable), abl. of means. — operata iuventus, the young folks were busied with match-making (with Cretan women apparently) and with their new lands. — arvis (§ 248; H. 420).

137. tabida lues, a wasting pestilence; compare the extended description, Georg. iii. 478–566. — membris (§ 235), upon their limbs.

138. corrupto... tractu (abl. of cause, § 245; H. 416), from a vitiated quarter of the air, i.e. an epidemic; compare Ecl. vii. 57.

139. satis, from sero.

140. linquebant dulcis animas, they laid down their dear lives. 141. sterilis (acc. plural), [so that they became] barren. — Sirius, the dog-star; compare x. 274, and Il. xxii. 31. —exurere (§ 275; G. 650; H. 536, 1).

143. negabat, refused.

144. veniam = a gracious answer. The question is in the indirect form in the next line.

147. nox erat, see viii. 26, 27.

148. effigies, images (not apparitions): it seems to have been “a mixture of dream and vision."

150. ante oculos iacentis, before my eyes as I lay.

154. delato, when arrived. — dicturus est, would say; compare futurum fuit, would have been.

155. ad limina, to the door, i.e. of his chamber.

158. idem (plur. contracted) ... nepotes, we will also lift your posterity to the stars: said rather of the general glories of the race than of the apotheosis of special heroes.

160. ne linque, etc., do not abandon the long toil of exile.

161. haec, see § 225, c; G. 344; H. 385, ii., “Not this shore did, etc.” 162. Delius, a common epithet of Apollo. — Cretae (§ 258, c, R.; G. 412; H. 426, 1).

- propriae, i.e. appointed.

163–166. Repeated from i. 530-533, which see. 167. hae, see § 195, d; H. 445, 4·· 168. Iasius, according to one legend, a brother of Dardanus: the traditions respecting the two are somewhat confused. — pater, merely an honorary epithet.— principe, as the founder ; see § 184; G. 324; H. 363, 3. 170. dubitanda, see § 294, a. — - Corythum, a very ancient city in Etruria, afterwards Cortona. There were many traditions of its connection with Greeks and Pelasgians. — requirat, let him seek out.

171. Dictaea, see note, Ecl. vi. 56.

174. velatas: there is no known antique representation of these divinities.

175. corpore (abl. of separation).

176. supinas manus, the hands outspread with the palms upward,

the ancient attitude of prayer.

177. munera, of wine.

178. intemerata, i.e. unmixed. laetus: his cheerfulness, when he has fulfilled the sacrifice, comes from the assurance of divine direction.

179. ordine, in full with all the details.

180. ambiguam, in its literal sense, twofold. — prolem, race.

181. novo errore, this new error; perhaps a mere verbal antithesis to veterum locorum, i.e. the ancient homes of the race.

182. nate, etc., repeated . 725. — fatis, see § 248.

183. casus... canebat: observe the alliteration, which Virgil seems rather fond of, though not so much so as the earlier poets.

184. nunc repeto, now (though before forgetful) I recall that she announced these things as promised to our race. — - portendere (sc. eam),

for tense see § 288, b; cf. G. 277, R.; H. 537, I.

187. crederet, would have believed (§ 308, a, cf. 268; G. 252; H. 485, N.1). — quem . moveret, see ii. 247.

...

188. Phoebo, the god of prophecy, who it seemed to him had commissioned the Penates. meliora, a higher destiny.

189. ovantes, exulting that they know at length their true destiny. 190. quoque, i.e. as well as Thrace. - paucis relictis, to account for the historical Pergamum (v. 133).

191. aequor, depending on currimus, in the sense of navigare, which is often used as transitive; but the construction of all such words resembles that of the cognate accusative.

192. altum tenuere, reached deep water; compare v. 8–11; Od. xii. 403-406; Bry. 491.

195. inhorruit, roughened, with a hint at the dread (horror) of the storm. — tenebris, see § 248; G. 401; H. 419. The allusion is doubtless to the common appearance of the darkening of the sea under a wind.

199. abstulit, shut out, but the figure is livelier in Latin. - ignes, flashes. — nubibus (loc. ablative).

201. ipse: emphatic because Palinurus is the skilful pilot, and ought to know if anybody on board could. discernere, distinguish.

202. nec meminisse, and says he remembers not. — viae (§ 219; G. 375; H. 406, ii.).

203. tris adeo soles, full three days (§ 256; G. 335; H. 379). incertos, dubious, i.e. undistinguishable. — caligine (abl. of cause), to be taken with incertos.

206. aperire, volvere, sc. se, cf. aperitur, v. 275. - fumum (subject), as the sign of an inhabited country.

207. vela: it would seem that in all difficult places, as when nearing the coast, the ancients used only their oars. insurgimus, bend to the oars, as we say; but the ancients used larger oars, so the corresponding expression is rise, as here caerula, the dark blue sea (§ 189, b; G. 195, R.2; H. 441, 1).

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