in my former edition, I now adopt as the more probable. Cicero, pro Domo, 57, uses repeto with this meaning. The subject is Apollo.- -243. Dat. Aeneas is the subject.246. Gestamen, the array; explained by sceptrum, etc.- -254. Sortem, the oracle.- -255. Meditatur, or some similar verb suggested by volvit, is understood before the infinitives; that this one was foretold as that son-in-law, etc.-258. Quae occupet, which is destined to possess; such that it is destined to possess.- -261: Rege Latino, as long as Latinus shall be king.- -271. Hoc Latio restare canunt, they predict that this destiny awaits Latium.- -274. Numero omni, from the whole number; i. e., of his horses. This is preferable to the older interpretation, "for the whole number of Trojan envoys.". -277. Ostro. The coverings of the horses are of purple cloth embroidered with gold.- -282-284. Patri-creavit. The cunning (daedala) Circe had bred these bastard horses by secretly putting a common mare to one of the horses of her father, the Sun-god. Thus she stole them from her father. The dat. as in V, 845.

286-340. Juno, enraged that she can not ultimately prevent the success of the Trojans, determines, at least for the present, to visit them with her wrath. She summons the fury Allecto from the lower world to forward her plan_of kindling strife between the Trojans and Latins.

286. Inachiis. Argos is termed Inachian from Inachus, its ancient king and founder.- -294, 295. Num potuere, could they? was it possible that they should fall? etc. No! they found a way through the midst of battalions and flames.- -297. Credo, I suppose, forsooth; in bitter irony.300. Ausa (sum), I have dared, i. e., even against the known decrees of fate. -304, 305. Mars—valuit. Pirithoüs, king of the Lapithae, invited all the gods to his wedding-feast, excepting only Mars. On account of this slight, Mars stirred up the Centaurs to make war on the Lapithae. -305, 308. Concessit Calydona Dianae. Calydon, an ancient state of Aetolia, had neglected the worship of Diana, who therefore punished its king, Oeneus, and his people, by sending a fierce wild boar to ravage their land.307. Scelus; for poenam sceleris. The accusatives Lapithas and Calydona are in apposition with gentem and Calydona in the foregoing clause.- -310. Quod si, but if. -317. At, or by, this sacrifice (mercede, reward or cost) of their people let the son-in-law and father-in-law consummate their alliance.320. Cisseis, the daughter of Cisseus; Hecuba. The allusion is to the dream of Hecuba before the birth of Paris. As she dreamed that her offspring would be a fire-brand, and the cause of the destruction of Troy, so has Venus brought forth in Aeneas a like offspring (idem)-one attended with the same destiny, who shall in like manner, by betrothing a foreign princess, occasion disaster to the new or restored Troy (Pergama recidiva), and thus he shall be a second Paris.- -326. Cordi, (are) a pleasure.Atra. Dark and black are common appellations of all objects connected with the lower world, including both the ghosts, the gods, and monsters, and even Proserpine. The Romans conceived the hair of the furics to be composed wholly of serpents.- -336. Versare, to involve in, distract with.339. Crimina belli i. e., crimina, ex quibus bella oriantur; mutual wrongs and accusations which may lead to war.

-329.

841-405. The fury Allecto takes possession of the mind of Amata, and stimulates her to resist the marriage of Aeneas and Lavinia. Unable to dissuade Latinus from his purpose, Amata conveys Lavinia to the woods, under the pretext of celebrating the rites of Bacchus.

348. Quo monstro; for ut eo monstro.- -350. Fallit furentem, beguiles her in her frenzy; as in her excitement she does not perceive the serpent.354. Lues, the pest. Before she feels the full power of the serpent's spirit (vipeream animam), she has recourse to gentle entreaties.- -360. O genitor,

0 (thou her) father.- -365. Quid; for qualis; what is thy honor? whither has thy good faith departed?- -367. Latinis, for the Latins.- -370. Reor. Amata judges that Ardea, the city of Turnus and the Rutuli, being separate from (dissidit, taken literally) and independent (libera) of the kingdom of Latinus, Turnus is a foreigner, externus, and that the gods so pronounce (dicere). -372. Inachus Acrisiusque. According to the tradition which Vergil follows, Danaë, the daughter of Acrisius, and granddaughter of Inachus, landed in Italy, and married the prince of the Rutuli, Pilumnus. Thus her descendant, Turnus, is of Argive extraction.-377. Immensam, in its whole extent. She roamed wildly (lymphata) throughout the city, in every street and by-way, unrestrained by any sense of decorum, and therefore not keeping within the limited circle of her palace and royal walks.383. Dant animos, give life, velocity; i. e., to the top.- -385. Numine, the divine command. -389. Euhoe; dissyllable.-389, 390. Solum-vociferans, exclaiming that thou (Bacchus) alone art worthy of the virgin.390. Mollis. The thyrsi are wreathed with vine and ivy leaves; hence soft or pliant, with reference only to the leaves. Sumere. The subject is eam, referring to Laviniam.- -391. Te lustrare, moves around thee; that is, in the dances around thy altar. Pascere crinem, unbinds her hair for thee; literally, feeds the hair; referring to the custom in the worship of Bacchus, of leaving the hair to hang loose.- -405. Stimulis-Bacchi, on every side, or everywhere pursues with the goads of Bacchus ; i. c., with a power equal to the real influence of Bacchus.

406-474. Allecto now proceeds to Ardea, the city of Turnus, and appears to him in his sleep under the form of an aged priestess. Failing at first to rouse his spirit against Aeneas, she assumes her real form. Turnus awakes full of fury, and summons his followers to war against the Trojans.

412. Avis; dat. for ab avis.- -413. Fuit, has been; has ceased to be. Comp. II, 325.- -421-425. The whole passage implies that Turnus has been the principal defender of Latium against its enemies, especially against the Tyrrhenians.- 427. Adeo, even. So important is the occasion that Juno herself has directed me to say this.- -428. Saturnia. See on I, 23.430. In arma; join with laetus; eager for arms, with a mind joyful in the expectation of war. This is Wagner's interpretation.432. Magna;

according to some, the accusative after iubet; the power of the gods demands great achievements (of thee). But others, perhaps more correctly, join magna with vis.- -433. Dicto parere fatetur, consents to fulfill (obey) his promise. See above, 366.- 446. Oranti, while still speaking. Orare is used also in its etymological sense in X, 96.- -447. Tot hydris. Comp. 329.450. Geminos. Two serpents were made conspicuous on the heads of furies and of the Gorgons. See woodcut, p. 172.- 459. Corpore; for ex corpore. 460. Toro, etc. He seeks for his arms on the couch and in his dwelling; the sword especially on the couch. Heroes kept weapons by them, even when in bed. See VI, 524.462. Ira super, (and) anger still more; anger on account of the preference of Aeneas as suitor for Lavinia.- -464, 465. Aquai amnis, the bubbling stream of water.. -467. Polluta pace, since the peace (between Latinus and Turnus) has been violated; i. e., by Latinus in now promising Lavinia to Aeneas.- 470. (He declares) that he comes (to the contest) a match (satis) for Trojans and Latins both.- -473. Huno-iuventae, the wonderful grace of his beauty and youth moves one, admiration, that is, of Turnus, who is young and beautiful. Others are stimulated by the renown of his regal ancestors (atavi reges), and others by the memory of his former deeds in war.

475-571. Allecto turns now to the Trojans, and finding Ascanius engaged in the chase, she causes his hounds to attack a stag which is the favorite of the family of

Tyrrheus, the herdsman of King Latinus. The wounded stag flees to the house of Tyrrheus for shelter. The herdsmen call to arms; Ascanius is succored by his countrymen, and the first blood is shed. Allecto is then dismissed by Juno to the infernal regions, by the way of Lake Ampsanctus.

477. Arte nova, with new device; with the intention of devising a stratagem of mischief additional to those already executed.-483. Cornibus ingens, lofty with his horns; for the prose form, cornibus ingentibus.490. Manum; genitive after patiens. But Forbiger prefers to make it in the accusative after patiens as a participle.- -492. Ipse, himself; spontaneously. Sera, etc., in the night, however late.. 494, 495. Fluvio secundo deflueret, was floating on the downward current. 495. Ripa, on the bank; at times reposing himself on the shore.-498. Erranti deus. Unaided, his hand might have erred, but a superior power (Allecto is meant) directed the arrow. For the use of deus, see on II, 632.. -504. Conclamat, clamore vocat.- -505. Pestis, the scourge, Allecto. She has already made the rustics aware of the outrage. -514. Intendit vocem, swells the blast. -516, 517. The lake of Diana on the Alban mount, far to the southeast of the Tiber, and the Nar and Velinus far to the northeast, that is, the whole country far around heard the sound. The lake of Diana is now called Lake Nemi, near Aricia, fifteen miles south of Rome. The river Nar runs between Umbria and the Sabine country, and falls into the Tiber. The lake Velinus was produced by the overflow of the river Velinus, and was led into the Nar by an artificial channel cut through a ledge of rock by the consul M. Curius Dentatus, B. c. 270. This produced the celebrated fall of Terni.- -524. Non certamine agresti (agitur), the contest is not carried on in the rustic manner.- -528. Ponto, This is a more authentic reading than vento. Primo may be rendered as the adverb primum. -532. Fuerat maximus, had been the oldest; until now, when his life ends; when he is struck by the fatal arrow.- -533. Volnus; as in II, 529, for the weapon itself. Udae vocis, of the moist (passage of) the voice. -541. Promissi facta potens, having fulfilled her promise; literally, being made mistress of her promise. -569. Rupto ingens Acheronte, vast by reason of the bursting of Acheron. H. 549, 5, note 2; B. 320; G. 427, R. 2; M. 426.- -571. Levabat; a customary action. Allecto was wont to relieve the world of her presence by descending through this opening. So Ladewig. Others take the imperfect to signify "one might see her now relieving," etc.

572-640. The strife is continued by Juno. The shepherds hasten to Laurentum, and Turnus with them urges Latinus to war. The king, resisting in vain, leaves the control of things to other hands. On the refusal of Latinus, Juno herself opens the Temple of Janus, as the signal of war. The Italians now make preparations for war, and their principal cities and nations are described.

572, 573. Extremam manum, the finishing hand. Ex acie, from the battleground.- -577. Igni, fiery passion, as in II, 575.- -580. "Attonitae Baccho, maddened by Bacchus.- -581. Insultant, rush through; here a transitive verb. The husbands and sons of the Bacchanals, influenced by the name of Amata, importune for (fatigant) war.- -591. Ubi, etc., when no power is given (the king) to overcome their mad purpose.- 593. Auras inanis, the empty air; the air that can not answer his prayers. -595. Has poenas, punishment for these things.597. Seris, too late. -598. Omnis-portus; the port in which I am seeking my refuge is so near that it is all (omnis) open before me (in limine); the passage may be translated, my haven of rest is all in view. -601. Protinus, perpetually; continuously from that time.- -601, 602. Urbes Albanae; Alba had thirty colonies, which are here meant, as well as Alba itself. Alba was in fact the mother city of Latium. See Mommsen, ch. III.- -605. The Hyrcanians were a Caspian tribe. See on IV, 367. Augustus sent an army against the Arabs in B. c. 24. The

PRTER

ERRA

MARIQ.

PARTAI

Indi sent envoys to Augustus to sue for peace, at the time of his threatened invasion of the Parthians. The latter people, or rather their king Phraates, daunted by the preparations of Augustus, B. C. 23, voluntarily sent back the standards which they had captured from Crassus. This event is often mentioned by the poets as one of the most brilliant successes of Augustus.607. Belli portae. See on I, 294.- -609. Aerei; here a dissyllable, ae-rei. · 612. Cinctu Gabino, with the Gabinian cincture; a peculiar mode of adjusting the toga. See" Dict. of Antiq. -613. Stridentia limina; in apposition with has (portas), these gates, (these) harshly creaking portals.-624, Arduus agrees with the gender of the individuals included in pars, but the singular for the plural is anomalous.629. Adeo, even; in addition to what is already declared, what is still more, five cities,

PACE

Temple of Janus.

-639.

etc.- -631. The verse is spondaic, and the final syllable of turrigerae is retained.634, Spondaic.- -635. Huc; i. e., to this employment.Trilicem. See on III, 467.

641-817. After an invocation to the muses, the poet enumerates the Italian forces which assembled to the war, describing their chiefs, and the several localities and towns from which they were gathered.

-662.

652. Nequiquam. Because both father and son perished in the war. See X, 820, 908. -657, 658. Clipeo, etc., and on his shield he bears his father's symbol, the hundred snakes. Hydram is explanatory of anguis.Geryone; a giant monster of Gades (Cadiz) in Spain, the keeper of beautiful cattle. He was slain by Hercules, who conveyed his cattle across the Alps to the valley of the Tiber.- -664. Gerunt. The followers of Aventinus are meant. -865. Veru; a dart in the form of a spit. See "Dict. of Antiq."666. Torquens, throwing around himself, or around his body. Comp. VIII, 460.-668. Indatus capiti; supply the acc. illud; having put this on his head.- -671. Gentem; for urbem, in apposition with moenia. Tibur was said to have been founded by three brothers from Argos, descendants of the soothsayer Amphiaraus; and the town to have been named after Tiburtus, the oldest of the brothers.- -681. Caeculus. Cato in the Origines says that some virgins, going for water, found Caeculus in the fire, and therefore called him (the son of Vulcan, and also Caeculus, on account of his small eyes. Late, from far around.- -682. Praeneste, now Palestrina, situated on a lofty hill at the entrance of the Campagna on the southeast. The woodcut gives a view of it taken from the opposite town of Colonna, the ancient Labicum. Quique, both the men who, etc. All the other places here mentioned are in the vicinity of Praeneste.- -685. Quos, Amasene. Whom (thou dost breed), father Amasenus. The head-waters of the Amasenus were in the Volscian highlands, not far from Praeneste.-691. Messapus, a Tyrrhenian chief. His followers are from Fescennium and other places on the right bank of the Tiber, in southern Etruria.- -695, 696. Hi-hi; two different divisions of his troops. Faliscos; the people of the town of Falerii. -695. Aequos is generally understood here in the sense of just, equitable; but by some as "dwellers of the plain." Jahn and others make it a proper adjective, Aequos, Aequian.696. Habent seems to be employed here in two significations; these have (these troops contain) Fescennine battalions,

etc.; these inhabit the heights, etc.- -698. Aequati numero, in equal ranks, arranged so as to be equal in number, rank after rank, in the column march. Others understand, moving with regular step to musical numbers; equally guided by "the time" or rhythm; and this certainly is in keeping with the context.- -701. Amnis. The river Cayster is meant.- -703. Nec quisquam, etc., nor would any one suppose that brazen armed battalions were being gathered in (out of) such an immense host; or composed this mighty host. It seems more like a countless multitude of sea-birds.- -707. Clausus. The poet fancies the Claudian family, gens Claudia, so celebrated in Roman history, to be descended from the hero Clausus.- -710. Prisci Quirites; the early inhabitants of Cures, an ancient Sabine town, which gave its name in the historic period to the Quirites, or Roman citizens.-716. Ortinae classes, the troops of Orta. Only persons of the military age were enrolled in the classes at Rome. Hence, the term here is equivalent to milites.-717. The Allia is an ill-starred name on account of the great defeat sustained by the Romans there in the battle with Brennus, B. c. 390.- -720. Vel, or (as many) as. Sole novo, by the early summer's sun. -721. Hermi; the Hermus, a river in Lydia.- -724. Halaesus; formerly under Agamemnon at Troy; hence Agamemnonius.- -725. Felicia Baccho, fruitful in the vine; others: propitious to the vine.". -726. Massica; the Massic fields, on the southern border of Latium. The other places mentioned in this passage are in the same region, the country of the Aurunci and Oscans.- -728. Aequora, plains; subject of misere, supplied from the foregoing clause. Iuxta is an adverb here.- 730. Aclydes. The Aclys was a javelin which was hurled and then pulled back again by means of a thong attached to the shaft.732, Comminus, for the close encounter. -734. Oebale. Oebalus was the son