and it was also frequently employed in France. | ed as external or local aids of constitutional I have seen it resorted to in several instances means; but unless these latter means are approwith some success, but I am not aware of priate, the benefit derived from blisters is only much permanent benefit having been produced temporary. FOWLER, ROUPPE, and others have by it. The practice has fallen into its deserved advised them; but HUFELAND, finding the addisuse. vantage procured from them by no means per the substances usually employed for this purpose. Blisters are seldom of use early in acute attacks; they are most useful towards the decline of the disease, and when the action of the several emunctories has been duly promoted. They are more beneficial in sub-acute cases, and when the joints are affected; but they should not be employed immediately over superficial joints, but only near to them. The repeated application of blisters is generally preferable to keeping them open. 141. (d) Artificial eruptions have been resort-manent, recommended them to be kept open by ed to in rheumatism, more especially in chronic and sub-acute cases, by THILENIUS, LENTIN, PIDERIT, VICAT, ANTENRIETH, and JENNER; and emetic tartar, added to an ointment or plaster, has been commonly used to produce these eruptions, which, however, especially when plasters have been employed and allowed to remain too long, or when the constitution has been cachectic, has sometimes been followed by foul, spreading, and obstinate ulcers. If resorted to at all, they should be watched; and they ought not to be produced immediately over a joint, although they may be brought out in the vicin-cients of various kinds have been employed, ity in obstinate cases. I tried them many years ago in dispensary practice, in several internal complications of rheumatism, with but little or doubtful advantage. 145. (h) Embrocations, liniments, and rubefa both empirically and with rational intentions, as aids in the cure of the several forms of rheumatism. They have been even resorted to as the only means, and often as popular remedies and without medical advice. Several nostrums are employed in the form of embrocation or lincured by them, yet their inappropriate use, and the application of them while the morbid conditions of the nervous and vascular systems remained unabated, have been followed in some cases by dangerous and even fatal consequences-by internal complications, or by the supervention of disease of internal surfaces or organs, with effusions or adhesions. A few instances of these results have come under my observation, and have demonstrated the danger of having recourse to means which may suppress the local manifestation of a constitutional evil, without having prescribed judicious internal remedies for that evil, and without having employed agents calculated to throw off or to resist the tendency to internal complica. tions. It would be endless, and of doubtful advantage, to enumerate the various embrocations, liniments, and rubefacients which have been praised for the several forms of the complaint. Most of the formula comprised under the head Linimenta, in the APPENDIX (Form. 295-314), may be used also as embrocations and rubefacients in this disease with great advantage, when a judicious internal treatment has preceded or accompanies the use of them. Under such circumstances, warm rubefacient poultices and rubefacient plasters will also be found of service, more especially in chronic 142. (e) Baths, warm, vapour, and medicated, have been long recommended for the more chronic cases of the disease. Of thermal min-iment; and, although relief has often been proeral baths mention will be made hereafter, but considerable advantage will often be derived from warm baths, which may be prepared at any place, under due direction, and which may be general or local, according to the peculiarities of the case. Warm baths, at a high temperature, or vapour baths, are generally most beneficial in chronic, passive, or cold states of the complaint, and for these the addition of salt or mustard, or both, to the warm bath, whether general or local, will be of service. Even when sea water is used for a warm bath these additions are often of service, especially when the regimen and internal treatment are judicious. But baths are not confined to chronic cases only. Even in the sub-acute and acute states benefit will be derived from warm baths of a somewhat lower temperature, or tepid baths, containing an alkali, or alkaline sub-carbonate. Indeed, warm alkaline baths will be found useful in both states of the disease, and more particularly when the skin is hot, dry, and harsh, during the evening and early part of the night. -Vapour baths, both general and local, have been much recommended by Du MOULIN, BARDS LEY, and BLEGBOROUGH, and their efficacy is undoubted in chronic cases, especially when the joints are affected, and when aided by a restorative treatment and regimen, and due exercise in the open air.-Sulphur baths have been employed with marked benefit in similar cases, and warm baths containing the sulphuret of potash have also been resorted to. These baths, general or local, or in whatever way they may be medicated, should be employed chiefly in aid of judicious internal treatment, and of a proper regimen. 143. (f) The warm douche and vapour applied locally have been found of service in many ca ses; but the remarks just offered are equally applicable to the use of these. To obtain advantage from them, they ought to be daily employed, to be followed by friction, exercise, and warm clothing, and accompanied by the internal treatment recommended above. 144. (g) Blisters have been generally employ cases. 146. (i) Frictions, shampooing, percussion, and flagellation have been much employed in the more chronic and obstinate states of the complaint; but these means, especially frictions and shampooing, are most serviceable after warm salt-water or medicated baths. The frictions may be only simple, as with the hand, or with sweet oil, or with variously prepared oils or liniments, or with the hard Indian glove, or with the hair-brush, or with any of the liniments prescribed in the APPENDIX. Percussion not infrequently relieves for a time the chronic pains of muscular or aponeurotic parts; and flagellation may have a similar effect; but it has been little used since the practice of medicine was rescued from the hands of monks in the dark ages, although it was employed by the ancients. 147. (k) Galvanism and electricity have had numerous advocates in the chronic forms of rheumatism, and they are sometimes of service, especially electro-magnetism, in the more passive states of the chronic disease. Several recent writers have furnished evidence in favour of the use of magnetic electricity in these forms of the complaint; but I am unable to give an opinion respecting it from my own experience. I have, however, seen benefit derived in a few instances from galvanic electricity. 148. (1) Insolation, or exposure of parts affected with chronic rheumatism to the sun's rays, has been advised, and I have prescribed it with benefit in the passive or cold form of the complaint. The effect probably depends not merely upon the warmth thereby produced, but also upon the electrical agency of the sun's rays. Much of the benefit derived from migrating to a warm climate in cases of obstinate rheumatism arise from this cause; but the change should be made to a dry climate and a clear atmosphere; for if the situation abounds in humidity or malaria, however warm it may be, the rheumatism will still continue, or even be aggravated. 149. (m) Issues and setons have been mentioned favourably by some of the writers who have recommended the production of artificial eruptions for this complaint. They are rarely required, or submitted to, in cases of simple chronic rheumatism; but I have prescribed them with marked advantage in certain of the complications, or internal extensions of the disease, more especially during, or subsequent to, rheumatic endocarditis or pericarditis, or when the spinal membranes have become affected. They are also of use in sciatica, and when the large joints are implicated, and in these cases they have been recommended by BARDSLEY; but they should be prescribed in a suitable situation, so as to produce a derivation from the part or joint itself, and yet not be far removed from it. Two, or even three issues may be required in some cases. 150. (n) Moxas have been recommended, from the most remote times in the Far East, for chronic rheumatism, especially when seated in the joints; and they have been praised by THILENIUS, BESE, PASCAL, NAUDAU, and more recently by LARREY, DUNGLISON, and BOYLE. They are often of service when applied in the situations advised for issues, and when a puriform discharge from the parts cauterized by them is obtained. They, as well as issues and setons, are suitable to the more chronic cases, or, rather, to the effects of rheumatism than to recent attacks. Italy. The chemical composition and temperature of these several springs will suggest the propriety of having recourse to them in the circumstances of each case; and it is chiefly with a strict reference of this composition to the peculiarities of individual cases, that a selection of both thermal springs and of other mineral waters should be made. Much information will, however, be obtained on this topic from the writings of FALCONER and BARLOW on the Bath waters; from those of ROBERTSON and SCUDAMORE on the waters of Buxton; from those of GRANVILLE, OSANN, LEE, and GAIRDNER on the German thermal springs; and from CARMICHAEL'S account of the water of Bareges and Bagneres de Bigorres. Not only may these waters be taken internally, but they are still more beneficial when used as general or local baths, or in the form of douche. The duration of these baths should depend upon the strength of the patient. It should be short at first, and prolonged with repetition; but benefit will seldom be derived until a number of baths have been taken. The circumstances of the case should, however, suggest both the duration and the frequency of them. The same remark applies to the use of the douche. Immediately after the bath or the douche, the surface should be rubbed with dry hot towels, and the patient wrapped up in flannel or in blankets, so as to promote, for several hours, a copious perspiration. The use of warm chalybeate baths in chronic states of the complaint was much insisted upon by BRANDIS; of the waters of Rehburgh by ALBERS; of sulphureous waters and baths by many writers; and of numerous mineral springs by authorities of every kind, some of which will be found in the Bibliography. [Much benefit has often been derived in this disease from the use of the sulphur waters of Virginia, or of Avon, Richfield, or Sharon, New York, in connexion with the pure country air, and the freedom from care and anxiety, and the agreeable society met with at these watering places. The White Sulphur Springs of Virginia are perhaps the most celebrated in the cure of rheumatism, although the same ingredients are substantially found in several others, as the Red and Salt, Sulphur, and the Avon Springs. That they are curative in this and other chronic diseases, independent of the other adjuncts above named, is fully established, and what we might à priori be led to believe, when we reflect that they are cathartic, diuretic, tonic, and alterative. They are to be used both internally and externally in this and other diseases in which they are indicated, and their employment be persevered in for a considerable period. The ioduretted and carbonated saline waters of Saratoga have also been found efficacious in relieving chronic forms of this dis 151. (0) Mineral waters and mineral baths are among the most beneficial and popular reme-ease, and are well worthy of a trial.] dies for the several states of chronic rheuma- 152. (p) A form of physical training has latetism. Much of the benefit derived is, however, ly come into vogue for chronic rheumatism and due to the change of climate, air, scene, and other chronic ailments, more especially such as occupation consequent upon visiting watering result from dissipation, excesses, irregularities, places. The natural thermal springs have &c., of various kinds; and this training, conbeen most generally recommended for the joined with change of air, occupation, scene, more chronic and obstinate states of chronic and mode of living, forming part of the system, rheumatism, and for sciatica, especially those and with bathing, the copious use of diluents of Bath and Buxton, in this country; of Wis- and exercise, so as to produce a very free cubaden, Baden-Baden, Karlsbad, &c., in Germa- taneous discharge, is often productive of markny; of Bareges, in France and of several ined benefit, which is the more striking in those obstinate cases, which have often become ob-ences remained the same. But this would be stinate from the fault and neglect of the pa- the tragedy of Hamlet, the part of Hamlet omittient, and from recourse having been had to ted by request. There would be no chance to many physicians in succession without allow glorify and deify WATER at the expense of the ing any one of them time or opportunity to em- other good things of God. Othello's occupation ploy the salutary resources of science. What, would be gone, and men, who might have made however, is denied the honest advice of a phy- useful mechanics and labourers, would have to sician, is readily accorded by the patient to the go back to their original calling, the humbug confident humbug of the charlatan, especially being exploded, and their business at an end. when it is sought for at a distance, and ac- From a personal examination of most of these quired at an expense which is felt as a recom- institutions in the Northern States, we are fully mendation, although the only one. Regular satisfied that, notwithstanding cures are somemodes of living, active and regular exercise, times accomplished at them, yet that very great temperance, and a copious use of diluents, a injury is often caused by the hap-hazard and infree excretion from the skin, procured by baths, discriminate use of cold water. We have seen diluents, and exercise, and change of air, of oc- patients reduced to great debility, and with feecupation, and of scene, have been recommended ble recuperative powers, subjected to the douche by physicians in all ages for many chronic com- and the plunge, both with the effect of prosplaints; but they have generally been imper- trating their strength still more, and in some fectly followed out, or partially adopted, or al-cases with a speedily fatal result. We have together neglected by those for whom they were nowhere found cold water used with that cauprescribed. When, however, they were ushered tion and discrimination which so powerful an to the public, sane and insane, as the results of agent requires; nowhere have we found any inspiration; were surrounded by appliances cal- rational or scientific rules for its employment; culated to excite the senses of the weak-mind- a blind routinism prevailed in them all, and the ed, to attract the credulous, to allure the idle, results, of course, were such as might have the frivolous, and the intriguing, and to strike been anticipated. All this the enlightened memthose whose consciousness reaches but little bers of the profession well understand: the pubfarther than their sensations, and who are in-lic would not believe it were an angel, trumpetcapable of observing and of reasoning on facts and occurrences; and when they were moulded into a plan, and popularized under the name of "water-cure," and were thus recommended by every means of publicity to that largest class of the community now specified as a universal remedy, beyond all remedies the most efficacious, then were the results such as might have been anticipated by the philosophic observer of human nature, and of the constitution of the human mind as influenced by existing states of society. The most remote of these results already appear in a more accurate estimation of this universal "cure," and in the recognition of the fact that, of all the "vanities under the sun," the greatest and the shortest lived are those by which charlatans gull the public, and jeopardize not only the lives of the credulous, the thoughtless, and the worthless, but also the most important interests of families. [These very judicious remarks on hydropathy (water disease, correctly translated) will meet with a willing response from every reflecting and candid mind. If we abstract from this system of cure all the adventitious aids of change of air and scene, freedom from care, anxiety, and labour, a properly regulated diet, regular and abundant exercise, the gentle exhilaration of spirits caused by the bold promises of amendment or cure, and the cheerfulness produced by the agreeable society of the better classes of both sexes: if all these be abstracted, we fear there would be little for water-cure establishments to boast of, certainly nothing which could for a moment commend them to the notice of any rational being. The dishonesty of their proprietors and supporters consists in claiming in behalf of water what more justly belongs to other agencies. Indeed, we have often been led to believe, from personal observation, that greater and more frequent cures would be accomplished at these establishments if the water part of the treatment were entirely omitted, while the other influ tongued, to proclaim it in the sky.] 153. (q) Sulphur, in the form of sulphur fumigation, the oil of sulphur of former times, and the carburet of sulphur, have been locally or externally employed for the more obstinate forms of this disease. OTTO, of Copenhagen, recommends, either alone or in conjunction with vapour baths, two drachms of carburet of sulphur in half an ounce of rectified spirit of wine, four drops of which are to be taken internally every two or three hours, and the parts affected to be rubbed with a liniment consisting of two drachms of this carburet and half an ounce of olive oil. This treatment is most suitable to those cases in which the secretions and excretions have been duly improved and promoted by the appropriate means before it is entered upon. 154. (r) Urtication, or stinging, or flagellation with nettles, has been advised for chronic rheumatism, as well as for some forms of palsy, by many of the older writers, and it has in more recent times been prescribed by HUFELAND. It may be resorted to with advantage after warm or vapour baths, or in similar circumstances to those in which other rubefacients and external derivatives have been recommended, as warm terebinthinate embrocations, &c. 155. vi. TREATMENT OF THE COMPLICATIONS OF RHEUMATISM.-A. It has been stated above that acute rheumatism may extend to the membranes of the brain, the disease either continuing in its more external seats, or subsiding in, or disappearing from these (see ◊ 50 and 51). When head symptoms occur in the course of acute or sub-acute rheumatism, the chief object is first to ascertain the cause and nature of this complication; to determine in how far it may be caused by the treatment; and to observe the evidence for or against the existence of infiammatory action in the membranes, or of simple nervous disturbance, or of a combination of both. Delirium, if slight, wandering, and nocturnal, the external disease continuing but lit tle or not at all ameliorated, may arise from the narcotics prescribed, or from too lowering or depressing agents, or from the exacerbation of the fever (see ◊ 50), and in these circumstances the indications are obvious. Violent or distracting pain in the head may also depend on the same causes, and be removed by similar means to those which these indications suggest, or by such as are prescribed for this form of headache at another place. (See art. HEADACHE, 50, et seq.) But when the head affection appears to be dependent chiefly upon inflammatory action in the membranes, then the subsidence of the external disease, especially that of the joint, will indicate its nature and the danger of effusion. In these circumstances, while active revulsion or derivation should be attempted by sinapisms applied to the parts affected previously, local depletions should be ordered, and be followed by blisters on the nape of the neck and occiput, or behind the ears. Calomel and antimony, purgatives and terebin thinate enemata ought also to be administered; and if somnolency, or sopor, or coma be threatened, the head should be shaved and surrounded by a cloth which has been just soaked in spirit of turpentine, or which is imbued with an embrocation consisting of equal parts of the terebinthinate and compound camphor liniments. 156. B. The complications with the several forms of cardiac and pericardiac inflammations and their consequences are the most frequently met with in practice (§ 48 and 49). The nature and treatment of these complications have been so fully discussed when treating of diseases of the heart, that I have left nothing to add respecting them at this place. I may, however, remark that further experience has proved the accuracy of the opinions I then stated, and the propriety of employing the means of cure there advised. Rheumatic endocarditis and pericarditis, so common in children and young subjects, especially in cold, humid, and variable climates, depend chiefly upon the fashions in clothing; upon low, damp, and ill-ventilated places of abode; upon modes of living; and more especially upon the unnatural practice of hardening children by exposure and by fashions in dress. Hence the necessity of avoiding these causes, and of pursuing a treatment calculated to diminish or remove morbid effusion or change of structure, and at the same time to improve the constitution of the blood, and to promote vital action and constitutional powers-objects which may be attained when these complications occur in young subjects, although they may be only partially or contingently accomplished in older subjects. (See Treatment of Rheumatic Endocarditis and Pericarditis, in art. HEART and PERICARDIUM, 144, et seq.) | on exertion, or dropsical effusion evinced the mischief produced in the heart. In other cases, however, attacks of acute, or sub-acute, or chronic rheumatism, have followed at periods more or less remote from that attack in which this complication first appeared, generally aggravating the cardiac or pericardiac lesion, but not having always this effect; for I have met with instances, one of them in a medical man, in which an attack even of acute rheumatism has not increased the organic disease of the heart which had taken place during a previous seizure. 158. A reference to the histories of cases of this complication, which have come under my care in the course of a practice of thirty years, and of which I have preserved notes, suggests their classification as follows: 1st. Cases in which rheumatic fever complicated with cardiac disease had been experienced in early life, but many years had passed without any ailment having been experienced, until shortness of breathing on exertion and dropsy ultimately supervened, the patient dying of the cardiac disease, no second attack of rheumatism having occurred. In a case now under my care, twenty-three years elapsed between the rheumatic fever thus complicated and the present developed state of the organic disease of the heart, no rheumatic disease or other ailment having been experienced during all these years, although the cardiac affection had been slowly progressing until it has reached its present state. 2d. Some years after the occurrence of this complication, the cardiac disease still existing, latent or detected, another attack of acute rheumatism has supervened, and has aggravated the cardiac complication, or even diminished the physical signs and symptoms of this complication, these different effects depending much upon the treatment and constitution of the patient. I have thus seen two attacks of rheumatic fever take place after intervals of years, the cardiac complication at last destroying the patient. In the case of a medical man, two such attacks, after intervals of some years, have left the cardiac disease, in respect of both the physical signs and the symptoms, much less extensive and severe than when I first saw him, fifteen years ago. 3d. Much more frequently the patient who has experienced an attack of cardiac disease in the course of, or consequent upon, rheumatic fever, has suffered recurrences of the rheumatic affection in a slight or chronic form, without any very manifest aggravation of the cardiac disease, which, however, has either slowly advanced, or has proceeded more or less rapidly according to his habits, modes of living, constitution, and treatment. 4th. In several instances rheumatic fever has occurred in early life, accompanied or followed by a cardiac complication, and no second attack of rheumatism has appeared, or merely slight or chronic rheumatic affection; but the cardiac symptoms, as well as the physical signs of cardiac disease, have gradually subsided, until they have, after several years, nearly altogether disappeared, or have been attended by little inconvenience. 157. It is not unusual to meet with cases in which this complication has occurred in early life, or has appeared at some previous period, the acute rheumatic attack having been entirely removed, but the cardiac or pericardiac affection continuing either with or without detection. In some cases which have come under my observation, for very many years after the rheumatic fever, complicated as now stated, 159. It is obvious that, in these several states had occurred, and even after every rheumatic of complication, the exact nature, and extent, symptom had disappeared, little or no ailment and consequences of the cardiac and pericardiac had been experienced, until shortness of breath | lesions, demand the chief attention, and that the tions of the disease, the means already advised, especially local depletions, calomel, colchicum, and opium; terebinthinate embrocations, blisters, issues, &c., and various other means recommended in the articles on inflammations of these surfaces and on their consequences, may be resorted to. In many instances these forms of disease are not brought before the physician until they have arrived at advanced or chronic states; until effusion, adhesion, &c., have taken place; and then a judicious and persevering treatment will be required to produce any amelioration, aided by change of air, by suitable diet, and by whatever may promote the general health and constitutional power. In many cases, however, the iodides already mentioned, taken in suitable vehicles; bichloride of mercury in small doses with sarza; alkaline solutions with iodides; PLUMMER's pill with soap and taraxacum; repeated applications of the terebinthinate embrocation; repeated blisters and issues, when aided by proper regimen, will be productive of some benefit. These external means are more efficacious than the application of the tartar-emetic ointment, which I have not found of much service in these cases. 162. E. The association of affections of the sex treatment of whatever rheumatic affection may | art. DIAPHRAGM, & 9, et seq.). In these associabe present should be a secondary object. Fortunately, however, the very means in which I have for many years confided for the several forms of rheumatism, are also such as are most serviceable in the cardiac lesions most commonly associated with them. After what I have stated, when treating of diseases of the HEART and PERICARDIUM (see § 144, et seq.), I need only enumerate some of the most efficient means which may be prescribed in these complications, and which moderate powers of observation will enable the physician to apply to the peculiarities of particular cases. Upon the approach, or in the early stage of the cardiac complication, calomel with opium, or with aconite; or the tincture or extract of aconite with biborate of soda or with alkalies; spirits of turpentine given by the mouth; alkaline aperients with colchicum; camphor with digitalis and henbane; the alkalies in large doses with demulcents and diluents, and external revulsion, are most efficacious in preventing the deposition of lymph or fibrine, and the effusion of fluid. At an advanced stage, when either fibrinous lymph or serous fluid has been effused, or when hypertrophy has followed obstructive or other changes of the valves and orifices of the heart, then the iodides of mercury or potash; borax in camphor mixture;ual organs with rheumatism, or the supervention the iodide of potassium, and the solution or carbonate of potash, with the compound decoction of sarza, or the decoction of senega and an aromatic water; camphor with digitalis, and with either of these decoctions, or with the infusion or tincture of hops; the iodide of iron in the sirup of sarza; and an issue or seton near the margin of the ribs, are the means in which I have most confided. 160. C. When the membranes of the spinal chord are affected (§ 52, 53), the treatment should depend much upon the duration of the disease in this situation. If the patient be seen early, local depletion, chiefly by cupping, followed by calomel and opium with colchicum; by purgatives and terebinthinate enemata; by terebinthinate embrocations in the course of the spine, and by blisters, are most serviceable. If the case come under treatment at a more advanced period, or if the above means have failed, partial palsy or paraplegia, or other symptoms of increasing congestion, effusion of lymph or pressure on the chord appearing, issues or setons in the back or loins, the bichloride of mercury, or the iodide of potassium in the decoction of sarza, and the other means advised in the articles on PALSY and SPINAL CHORD, will then be appropriate. 161. D. When the diaphragm, or either its pleural or peritoneal surfaces are implicated, or when the costal pleura, or the peritoneum (§ 54, 55, 56) reflected over the abdominal parietes, is attacked, the lymph thrown out soon excites inflammatory action in the opposite parts of these membranes, and agglutination of the surfaces soon follows. This complication not infrequently came under my notice many years ago in public institutions, the affection of these surfaces having been an extension of disease from the adjoining, parts the tenderness and pain of which often masked the more internal mischief. When, however, the diaphragm is implicated, the symptoms of diaphragmitis are generally present in a very manifest form (see of the former upon the latter (§ 57), requires means adapted to the states of sexual disorder, such disorders being duly considered under their respective heads. But, in respect of these, as of other associations of internal disease with rheumatism, it should not be overlooked that it is not only such internal disease which requires appropriate treatment, but also the rheumatic diathesis-the constitutional affection, whether depending upon or seated in the organic nervous system, or in the blood, or in both-and to this diathesis, and to the conditions constituting and indicating it, our means of cure should also be directed; using means calculated to support the vital power of this system, and to remove the morbid conditions of the blood-objects which are more certainly attained by the remedies I have advised for the treatment of rheumatism than by any other. Rheumatism in females being so frequently connected with suppression, or irregularity, or difficulty, or the cessation of the catamenia, or with leucorrheal affections, due attention in the treatment should therefore be devoted to these disorders. 163. F. Gonorrhaal Rheumatism, or the states of rheumatism consequent upon gonorrhoea (§ 44, et seq.), is one of the most difficult to remove. A severe case of it occurred in my practice very lately, and presented the mixed form of capsular and aponeurotic rheumatism, the knees and limbs generally having been severely affected. The iodide of potassium and solution of potash, in the decoction of bark, or in the guaiacum mixture, and frequently with colchicum, were the medicines chiefly prescribed. The case proceeded favourably, and after a few weeks the patient was able to have change of air, and to take regular walking exercise. In more obstinate cases, I have given the spirit of turpentine internally until the urinary organs were affected with success; or bark with alkalies and the iodide of potassium, while terebinthinate epithems, or blisters, were |