D "Give Me Liberty!" OWN the long corridors of history echoes the cry of Patrick Henry: "Give me liberty!" Poets have expressed in verse, man's eternal longing for freedom; statesmen have voiced it in great orations; painters have interpreted it on canvas; musicians have recorded it in song and ballad. It is one of the important tasks of educators-teachers in classrooms, lecturers in forums, speakers on the radio, columnists in the press-to make this dramatic phrase meaningful to people of the modern world. This booklet brings together memorable expressions on liberty and democracy by philosophers, statesmen, and writers of all times. It also presents in brief story form memorable episodes in the neverending struggle for freedom. The selected references suggest sources of additional material on these subjects. If these quotations and stories find their way into classroom discussions, speeches, radio dramas, and the hearts and memories of the people, this little book, brought out with the hope that it will help educators and others to interpret and make vivid the principles we seek to preserve, will have made its contribution to democratic morale. Morale is composed of many elements. Health-physical and mental-is one of the elements. Confidence that a reasonable degree of security and opportunity can be obtained in our society is another. Hope of future progress and increasing economic welfare is still another. Yet, in the days ahead, there may not be much security or safety. Life may be more difficult and dangerous. Dislocations in the economic system seem inevitable. Therefore, morale must grow out of personal convictions of moral values. Men have bartered away their freedom for temporary material gains only to find that sacrifice and deprivation are demanded in the name of conquest and war. The morale of a democracy is, in part, strengthened and developed by a deep and abiding faith in the enduring moral values. Americans must feel themselves a part of the great human struggles of the centuries through which the moral principles of freedom and respect for the individual have been won and rewon. They must recognize the voices of destruction, promising material prosperity in return for blind obedience to arbitrary authority, for what they are the hollow echo of an ancient and recurring tyranny. They must see more clearly than ever that material prosperity and economic progress rest, as they always have, on moral foundations. Confidence in the ultimate triumph of free government is essential to morale. won. Men are no less uncomfortable as slaves today than they were 4,000 years ago. They respond to voices of deliverance. The victims of autocracy must struggle to free themselves, but we have an even harder task-we must maintain the freedom we have already It is harder because we take it for granted-this freedom. Hence, we need the poets and the statesmen, the teachers and the philosophers to sharpen and quicken our perceptions-to make us aware of the meaning of freedom. The words in this handbook, if quoted frequently and spread abroad, may serve this high purpose. JOHN W. STUDEBAKER, U. S. Commissioner of Education. Voices of Democracy The hope expressed by many voices of democracy through centuries of time was effectively summarized by the President of the United States in January 1941: "We Go Forward" if the spirit of America were killed, even though the Nation's body and mind, constricted in an alien world, lived on, the America we know would have perished. That spirit-that faith-speaks to us in our daily lives in ways often unnoticed, because they seem so obvious. It speaks to us here in the Capital of the Nation. It speaks to us through the processes of governing in the sovereignties of 48 States. It speaks to us in our counties, in our cities, in our towns, and in our villages. It speaks to us from the other nations of the hemisphere, and from those across the seas-the enslaved, as well as the free. Sometimes we fail to hear or heed these Voices of Freedom because to us the privilege of our freedom is such an old, old story. If we lose that sacred fire—if we let it be smothered with doubt and fear-then we shall reject the destiny which George Washington strove so valiantly and so triumphantly to establish. In the face of great perils never before encountered, our strong purpose is to protect and to perpetuate the integrity of democracy. We do not retreat. We are not content to stand still. As Americans, we go forward, in the service of our country, by the will of God-Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Third Inaugural Address, January 20, 1941. ... Four Freedoms In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression-everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want-which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every |