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this limitation the widow's and orphans' pensions are proportionately reduced ($10). In the case of a widow who is younger than her deceased husband by fifteen years the amount is reduced by one-twentieth for each beginning year of the difference in age up to the twenty-fifth year, inclusive; the amount of the orphans' pensions, however, remains the same. If the marriage lasted five years, one-twentieth of the reduced amount is added for each beginning year of its further continuance until the full amount shall be reached (§12, law of June 1, 1897, Art. II). The claim to a widow's pension is lost if the marriage with the deceased official was contracted within three months of his death or clearly for the purpose of procuring the widow's pension. Similarly, widows and children of a marriage contracted after the pensioning of an official have no title (§13). The relicts of an official not entitled to service pension, but who might have been granted such pension, may be accorded widows' and orphans' pensions by the chief of the department in connection with the minister of finance, and the computation of the amounts with reference to the consideration of certain periods may be made by them under the same assumptions that apply to officials ($14). The widows' and orphans' pensions are paid monthly in advance after the lapse of the periods of grace (§§15, 16). The pensions are not transferable nor mortgagable (§17). The claim becomes extinct for each claimant with the lapse of the month in which he or she is married or dies; moreover for each orphan with the lapse of the month in which he or she completes the twentyfirst year of life (§18). The claim is suspended when the claimant loses German citizenship until its eventual recovery (§19).

II. THE EMPEROR WILLIAM UNIVERSITY, OF STRASSBURG.

A. PROVISIONS FOR THE WIDOWS AND ORPHANS OF PROFESSORS, ETC.

At the Emperor William University, of Strassburg, the pensioning of the widows and orphans of professors was first regulated under the law of December 25, 1873, (G Bl., p. 518), as follows:

(a) That the widow of any ordinary or extraordinary professor, salaried from the exchequer of the university, shall receive as pension from the public treasury one-fifth of the last official salary paid the deceased, excluding supplementary allowances; provided, however, that this shall amount to at least 1,200 francs, and at most 2,000 francs.

(b) That each orphan shall receive 400 francs. are not levied.

Widows and orphans fees

Law of December 25, 1873, concerning the pensions of the widows and orphans of professors.

§1. The widows and orphans of the ordinary and extraordinary professors of the University of Strassburg, salaried from the exchequer of the university, shall receive pension from the public treasury.

The amount of such pension shall be:

(a) For the widow, one-fifth of the last official salary paid the deceased from the exchequer of the university, excluding supplementary allowances; provided, however, that this shall be at least 1,200 francs and at most 2,000 francs. (b) For each orphan, 400 francs.

As orphans are to be considered the children designated in §1 of the law of December 24, 1873, concerning the pensions of the widows and orphans of officers and teachers.

§2. The payment shall begin with the lapse of the day up to which the deceased has been granted salary. It shall be ordered by the superior [first?] president.a

§3. The paragraphs 4, 7, 11, and 13 of the law of December 24, 1873, concerning pensions of the widows and orphans of officials and teachers shall apply also to pensions granted under this law.

The provisions of the law of December 24, 1873, referred to above, are as follows:

Now by the ministry, §3, law of July 4, 1879.

§1. The widow, as well as the legitimate children or children legitimized by subsequent marriage, of an official, etc., shall receive pension from the public funds.

§4. The widow shall have no claim to a pension if the marriage has been dissolved or if, upon motion of the husband, separation from bed and board has been pronounced.

§7. Widows' and orphans' pensions shall be paid monthly in advance. §11. Payment of pension shall cease:

(a) For the widow with the end of the month of her death or remarriage; (b) For each child with the end of the month of his or her death or completion of the eighteenth year of life; and

(c) For girls that shall be married before the completion of the eighteenth year of life, with the end of the month in which the marriage shall have been contracted.

13. The claim to a widow's and orphan's pension shall be suspended: (1) If the claimant shall lose German citizenship until eventual recovery of the same; and

(2) If, and as long as, the claimant shall draw in the service of the Empire, of the State, or in the public schools a service income, in so far as this shall exceed the amount of the pension.

Pensions of the widows and orphans of officials.

The pensioning of the widows and orphans of the officials of the University of Strassburg is conducted under the law of December 24, 1873, concerning the pensions for widows and orphans of officials and teachers (G. Bl., p. 515.) as follows:

§1. The widow, as well as the legitimate children and children legitimized by subsequent marriage of an official who, under the provisions of the law of December 23, 1873, concerning the statutory conditions of officials and teachers, shall have drawn a service pension or would have been entitled to draw such pension had he been retired on the day of his death, shall receive pensions from the public funds.

The widows and orphans of an official who, under $75 of the imperial law of March 31, 1873, concerning the statutory conditions of imperial officials, have not been granted a service pension shall not be entitled to pensions.

If an official dies who could have been granted a service pension under §37 or §39 of the imperial law of March 31, 1873, the widow and orphans may be granted pensions from the public funds.

$2. The claim to pension shall be valid for widows and orphans whether the official at the time of his decease has been in active service or in temporary retirement or under service pension.

§3. The widow and orphans of a pensioner whose claim to service pension had been suspended at the time of his decease because of his loss of German citizenship (§57, No. 1, of the imperial law of March 31, 1873) shall have no claim to a pension.

§4. (See above, p.-.)

[Can not be found.—Transl.]

$5. The decision concerning whether and what pension shall be paid to the widow and orphans of an official shall be made by the first president," the grant of the pensions permissible under §1, subparagraph 3, by the imperial chancellor.

In cases in which, under §52 of the imperial law of December 31, 1873, an official retiring from service may be credited with certain periods in the com- . putation of his time of service the imperial chancellor may permit such credit also in the computation of the widows' and orphans' pensions.

§6. The payment of pensions to widows and orphans begins with the lapse of the quarter or month of grace (§§7, 31, 69 of the imperial law of March 31, 18734). Should there be no provision for the grant of a quarter or month of

Now by the ministry (§3, law of July 4, 1879).

For the imperial chancellor the governor has been substituted (§2, law of July 4, 1879). Now the ministry ($3, law of July 4, 1879).

$69, subparagraph 1, of the imperial law of March 31, 1873, has been superseded, under the law of May 25, 1887 (introduced into Alsace-Lorraine by imperial decree of November 21, 1887), by the following regulation: "If a service pensioner leaves a widow or legitimate progeny the service pension shall continue to be paid for one month in addition to the month of his decease. To whom the payment shall be made shall be decided by the highest imperial authority, which, however, shall have the privilege of transferring such power of decision to the higher imperial authority."

grace, the payment shall begin with the lapse of the day up to which the deceased was entitled to service income or pension.

$7. Widows' and orphans' pensions shall be paid monthly in advance.

$8. The pension of a widow amounts to one-third of the service pension to which the deceased was entitled or would have been entitled had he been retired from service on the day of his death.

The pension, however, with the limitation under $10, shall carry at least 200 francs and shall not exceed 2,000 francs.

$9. The orphan's pension shall carry :

(a) For children whose mother is living and entitled to pension, one-fifth of the widow's pension for each child.

(b) For children whose mother is not living or no longer entitled to pension, one-third of the widow's pension for each child.

$10. The pensions payable to widows and orphans shall not exceed, either singly or in the aggregate, the amount of the service pension of the deceased to which he was entitled or would have been entitled if he had been retired from service on the day of his death.

In applying this limitation, the respective single pensions shall be proportionately reduced.

§11. (See above, p. - -.) [Can not be found.-Transl.]

§12. On the death and remarriage of a pensioned widow, the increase of the orphans' pensions under the provisions of §§ 9 and 10 shall become effective at the end of the term designated in § 11, letter a.

On the elimination of a child entitled to pension, its pension shall be added proportionately to the remaining claimants, beginning with the term designated in § 11, letters b and c, in so far as these are not as yet in full enjoyment of the amounts due them under §8 or 9.

$13. (See above, p.-.) [Can not be found.-Transl.]

$14. (Is repealed by art. 6, §3, of the law of December 23, 1873.)

§15. Assurances of future grants of pensions to the relicts of individual officials or classes of officials by the Emperor or the imperial chancellor before the promulgation of this law shall remain valid in so far as the provisions of this law are not more favorable.

§16. The provisions of this law shall apply also to the widows and orphans of officials who were pensioned during the period from the 9th of June, 1871, to the time when the law concerning the rights of officials and teachers of December 23, 1873, took effect, and who at the promulgation of the present law are still living.

$17. The provisions of the present law concerning the pensions for widows and orphans of officials shall apply also to the orphans of those female teachers who, under the law concerning the rights of officials and teachers of December 23, 1873, are entitled to service pension as well as, respectively, to the widows and orphans of the members of the gendarmerie.

Auxiliary fund.

For the benefit of the relicts of the professors and lectors, as well as of the secretary of the university, the questor, and the curatorial secretary of the Emperor-William University of Strassburg, there exists, finally, since the year 1882 at this university an auxiliary fund, with the object of providing for the relicts of its members in case of need allowances, the value of which is determined chiefly by the amount of available means, the number of persons requiring assistance at the time, and the urgency of need.

Membership for the persons designated above is optional.

Each member has to pay an entrance fee of 30 marks and a quarterly fee of 5 marks. The obligation to pay an entrance fee and quarterly fees may be superseded at any time by a single payment of 300 marks.

The statutes of the auxiliary fund of the Emperor-William University of Strassburg, approved by the Government under date of August 19, 1882, are as follows:

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

$1. The fund shall be known as "auxiliary fund of the Emperor-William University of Strassburg; " it shall have its seat at Strassburg and shall serve the purpose of providing assistance for the relicts of its members in case of need. §2. The fund is a part of the organization of the university. It is, however,

endowed with independent juridical personality and entered in the class of institutions for the public benefit.

$3. The administrative year of the fund coincides with the statutory year of public administration.

II. MEMBERSHIP.

§4. The following persons shall be entitled to membership of the fund: 1. The professors and lectors of the university.

2. The secretary of the university, the questor, and the curatorial secretary. $5. Membership shall begin on the day of entrance.

Entrance is secured by written request addressed to the executive committee. 86. Membership shall cease

1. On the day of voluntary resignation, which may be presented at any time, and is secured by written request to the executive committee.

2. At the termination of the condition conveying title to membership; entrance upon the list of pensioned officials or emerited professors shall not terminate membership.

III. ENTRANCE FEES AND QUARTERLY FEES.

$7. Each member shall pay an entrance fee and quarterly fees.

$8. The entrance fee shall be 30 marks. It is payable within six months after joining.

89. The quarterly fee is fixed at 5 marks and is payable in advance. Members joining the fund during a current quarter shall nevertheless be charged with the full quarterly fee and shall pay this immediately after joining. $10. For those members who draw salary from the university fund the entrance fees and quarterly fees will be collected when salaries are paid, a receipt being issued, in case they have no objection.

$11. The obligation of payment of the entrance fee and the quarterly fees may be superseded at any time by the payment of a single fee of 330 marks. (In the introduction, p. 98, "300 m."-Transl.

IV. RELIEF ALLOWANCES.

§12. The means for allowances shall as a rule be taken only from the regular income under the detailed provisions of the two following paragraphs.

§13. The regular income consists of the revenues of the capital assets for each administrative year and of the membership fees, contributions, and gifts made for this purpose.

§14. Of the regular income a portion, which shall amount to at least 10 per cent, shall be added to the capital, according to the judgment of the executive committee. The entire remainder shall be available for relief allowances.

$15. Only the relicts of those members that shall have belonged to the fund until their death shall have claim to relief.

§16. As relicts in the sense of the above paragraphs shall be considered: (1) the widows, (2) the children, (3) other near relatives who constituted a family with the deceased and who in him have lost their provider.

$17. Only necessity furnishes claim to assistance.

The value of the allowances is determined chiefly by the amount of available means, the number of persons needing assistance at the time, and the urgency of need. Special attention shall be paid in this to doubly orphaned children.

§18. Each member shall have the right to submit to the executive committee written requests for the relief of other members. Should the executive committee deny the request, he may appeal to the general assembly to be called for this purpose.

Otherwise the executive committee shall decide upon the granting of relief allowances according to its free judgment under the provisions of §§ 12 to 17.

V. ACCOUNTANT.

§19. The duties of accountant shall be performed, without compensation, by the questor, under direction of the executive committee.

VI. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

$20. The executive committee shall consist of five members, to be elected annually by the general assembly. Reelection is permitted.

Should a vacancy occur before the time designated above, the executive committee shall elect a substitute for the unexpired term.

$21. At the beginning of each administrative year the executive committee shall elect from its midst a chairman for the term of this year.

Should there be temporarily no elected chairman, or should the chairman be absent, his office shall be filled by the member of the executive committee oldest in years.

The chairman shall direct the business of the executive committee and shall execute in its name the necessary written documents.

§22. The executive committee shall be competent to pass resolutions if at least three of the members are present at the meeting. Resolutions shall be passed by simple majority; in tie votes the vote of the chairman shall decide.

Simple matters may be dispatched by the chairman, if no member objects, by the circulation of a writing.

$23. The executive committee shall guard and guide the affairs and interests of the fund in every respect.

It shall administer the assets of the fund.

It shall represent the fund in and out of court.

$24. Within the statutory sphere of its duties the executive committee is wholly independent under the restrictions of §§ 18 and 33, subparagraph 2.

$25. Toward the close of the administrative year the executive committee shall submit to the general assembly a report of its administration, as well as the annual financial report for inspection and eventual discharge. The business report shall be transmitted after the meeting to the academic senate for inspection.

VII. GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

$26. The general assembly shall consist of all the members.

$27. The call for the general assembly shall be issued by the executive committee.

$28. Annually, toward the close of the administrative year, a regular general assembly shall be convened.

A special general assembly shall be called whenever the executive committee considers this necessary in the interest of the fund, or whenever at least onetenth of the members request it in a written petition addressed to the executive committee stating the object and the reasons therefor. In the latter case the general assembly shall be convened within the next fourteen days after receipt of the request.

General assemblies shall not be convened during the academic vacations. $29. The object of the general assembly shall be stated in the call. No resolutions can be passed concerning matters not so announced.

$30. The chairman of the executive committee shall preside at the general assembly.

$31. The general assembly is competent to pass resolutions whenever at least one-third of the members are present. However, the second general assembly called for the same purpose shall be competent to pass resolutions even with fewer members present, if between the date of the first and that of the second meeting at least a week or at most a month shall have passed.

Resolution concerning amendments of the statutes or the dissolution of the fund shall under all circumstances require the presence of at least one-half of the members and governmental approval.

$32. Resolutions shall be passed by simple majority; in case of a tie vote the vote of the presiding officer shall decide.

$33. The general assembly shall have supervision of the administration on the part of the executive committee.

All resolutions of the executive committee concerning the purchase or sale of real estate, the conclusion of contracts, and the preferment of juridical com- ▾ plaints or the answering of the same shall be subject to its approval.

It shall decide all motions concerning the amendment of the statutes. Moreover, it shall attend to the duties assigned to it under §§ 18, 20, and 25.

CONCLUDING PROVISION.

In case of the dissolution of the fund its property shall revert to the university. As to its disposal, the plenum shall decide with appropriate regard to needy relicts of members of the fund.

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