defeated Hannibal at Zama in 202 B. C. and captured Carthage in 146 B.C. 844 ff. Fabricius fought against Pyrrhus: Serranus was the surname of Atilius Regulus who was sowing his fields when the news came that he had been elected consul. Both were renowned for their simplicity of life and honesty. 845. Anchises is growing weary of the long list: the Fabii were a famous family, of whom the most renowned was Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator, who saved Rome after the disaster at Lake Trasimene in 217 B. C.. 846. The line is quoted from Ennius, as it is also by Cicero. 847 ff. In this famous passage Virgil sums up the greatness of the Romans while not ignoring their limitations: the artists in bronze and marble, the clever lawyers and the astronomers might come from Greece, but Rome's glory was to rule and to give peace, to conquer and to spare. radio: the wand with which diagrams were drawn on sand. pacis imponere morem, 'to impose (on a warring world) the rule of peace'. 854. addit. There is some reason to regard what follows as a later addition designed for a special purpose. 855 ff. Marcellus won the spolia opima for the third and last time (1. 859) by killing in single combat the leader of the Gauls in 222 B. C.: he also won honour in the Punic War. patri Quirino. The spolia were usually dedicated to Jupiter Feretrius: Quirinus was a war god of uncertain origin and attributes. 865. instar: here only used without a genitive. Translate, perhaps, 'What a presence is here!' 870. nimium is to be taken with potens, and futura to be supplied. 872. Marcellus, son of Augustus's sister Octavia, and his destined heir, died in 23 B. C., and was buried in the Campus Martius, in the Mausoleum of Augustus, near the Tiber. The effect of these lines when recited by the poet before the emperor and his family was overwhelming. Cf. Introd., p. II. 878. prisca fides, 'honour worthy of the men of old'. 880. The pathos of the passage transcends the logic of conditional sentences. Marcellus has been prophetically spoken of as though already dead (tulisset): in this line Anchises dares to hope that fate may yet be kind. Observe with what tremendous effect the name is reserved for the final line. 884. spargam: with this punctuation the meaning must be 'let me scatter': if the comma is omitted it will depend on date. 893. The two gates of Sleep are taken from Homer, Od. xix. It is impossible to be sure why Virgil brings Aeneas out by the gate through which false dreams come, and difficult not to regard it as a mistake due to a change in plan. As it stands, the best that can be said is that as Aeneas's vision was not a dream the rule does not apply, but the explanation is unsatisfactory. 900. Caietae: the modern Gaeta. the shore'. recto litore, 'straight along VOCABULARY ā, ab, prep. c. abl. from, by. abduco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. withdraw. abeo, -ii, -itum, -ire, intr. go away, steer away, sheer off. abiēs, -etis, f. fir-tree, fir. abigo, -ēgi, actum (3), tr. drive away, hurl down. abripio, -ripui, -reptum (3), tr. snatch away. abrumpo, -rūpi, -ruptum (3), tr. break off. abscindo, -scidi, -scissum (3), tr. tear. abscondo, -condi, or condidi, -conditum (3), tr. conceal. absens, -ntis, absent, in absence, distant. absisto, -stiti, —(3), intr. withdraw, cease. abstrūdo, -si, -sum (3), tr. conceal. absum, ăfui, abesse, intr. am absent. absūmo, -mpsi, -mptum (3), tr. destroy. Acarnan, -ānis, m. an Acarnanian, from Acarnania, W. of Greece. accēdo, -cessi, -cessum (3), tr. or intr. approach, enter. accelero (1), intr. hasten. accendo, -cendi, -censum (3), tr. kindle, fire. accerso, -ivi, -ītum (3), tr. summon, call forth. accingo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. gird on, gird oneself with, arm with. accipio, -cēpi, -ceptum (3), tr. receive; nec accipere noctem, 'fail to draw' (Tennyson). accumulo (1), tr. heap (offerings) upon, load with. accurro, -cucurri or -curri, -cursum (3), intr. run up, hasten. acer, acris, acre, keen, spirited, eager, impetuous. acerbus, -a, -um, bitter, sorrowful, fierce. Acestes, -ae, m. a Sicilian king. Acheron, -ntis, m. one of the rivers in the Lower World. Achilles, -is, m. Greek hero in the Trojan war, son of Peleus and Thetis. Achīvus, -a, -um, Achaean; Achīvi, -ōrum, the Greeks. aciēs, -ēi, ƒ. edge, blade, battle-array, battle, eye. acta, -ae, f. beach. ad, prep. c. acc. to, at, near. adamas, -antis, m. adamant (diamond is the same word). addo, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. add; addere se comitem, join company with; additus, dogging the steps of. adduco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. lead to, draw to, strain. adeo, -ii -itum, -īre, go to, approach, have access to. adeo, adv. so much, so strongly, so far. adfātus, -ūs, m. address, form of address. adfīgo, -xi, -xum (3), tr. fasten to ; adfixus, with unyielding grip. adflo (1), tr. and intr. breathe on, inspire. adfor (1), dep. address. adgredior, gressus sum (3), dep. approach, address. adhuc, adv. to this place, thus far, hitherto, still. adigo, -ēgi, -actum (3), tr. drive to, force. adimo, -ēmi, -emptum (3), tr. take away. aditus, -ūs, m. approach, means of approach, entrance. adiuvo, -iūvi, -iūtum (1), tr. help, support. adsto, -stiti, — (1), intr. stand at or near, hover. adsuesco, -suēvi, -suētum (3), tr. train or accustom to, make familiar to. adsultus, -ūs, m. assault. adsum, -fui, -esse, am present. adsurgo, -surrexi, -surrectum (3), intr. rise. adulterium, -i, n. adultery. advena, -ae, c. new-comer, stranger. advento (1), intr. approach. adventus, -ūs, m. coming. adversor (1), dep. oppose. adverto, -ti, -sum (3), tr. turn towards; (with or without animum), attend; adversus, turned towards, facing, right opposite; adversi, foemen. advoco (1), tr. summon. Aeacidēs, -ae, m. a descendant of Aeacus. aeger, -gra,-grum, sick, sick at heart, sorrowing, laboured. Aeneadēs, -ae, m. descendant of Aeneas, follower of Aeneas. Aeolius, -a, -um, of Aeolus, king of the winds. aequaevus, -a, -um, of like age. aequo (1), tr. make equal or level, raise as high as, keep pace with; aequare amorem, give love for love; aequata vela, trimmed sail; aeq. aurae, unshifting breezes. aequor, -oris, n. sea. aequus, -a, -um, equal, just, fair, kindly; non aequo foedere, with unreciprocated bond. āēr, āeris, m. the lower air, as opposed to aether. aeripes, -pedis, adj. bronze-footed. aes, aeris, n. bronze. aestās, -ātis, f. summer. aestuo (1), intr. boil. aestus, -ūs, m. tide, full flood. aetās, -ātis, f. age, long years. aeternus, -a, -um, everlasting; adv. aeternum, unceasingly, for all time. aethēr, -eris, m. upper air, sky. aetherius, -a, -um, of or in the sky. Agamemnonius, -a, -um, of Aga memnon. Agathyrsi, -ōrum, m. a Scythian people. ager, -gri, m. field, land, country. agger, -eris, m. mound, barrier. agito (1), tr. drive, harass, give life to. agmen, -inis, n. column, throng. agnosco, -gnōvi, -gnitum (3), tr. recognize. ago, égi, actum (3), tr. drive, lead, do; agere (diem), spend; agere (gemitus), utter; age, agite (hortative), come! aio, ais, ait, defect. say. ala, ae, f. wing, beaters (on the flanks). alacer (or alacris), -cris, -cre, eager. albesco, " (3), intr. grow white. albus, -a, -um, white. Alcīdēs, -ae, m. grandson of Alceus, Hercules. āles, -itis, winged; āles (sc. bestia), bird. aliēnus, -a, -um, foreign, strange. aliqui, -qua, -quod, indef. adj. any, some. aliquis, -quid, some one, something. aliter, adv. otherwise. alius, -a, -ud, other, altered. alligo (1), tr. bind. almus, -a, -um, kindly, gracious. alo, alui, altum (3), tr. feed, support. Alpīnus, -a, -um, Alpine, from the Alps. altāria, -ium, n. altars. alter, -era, -erum, the other, changed, new. alterno (1), intr. hesitate, waver. alternus, -a, -um, one after the other, alternating, turn by turn. altus, -a, -um, high, stately, noble, deep; adv. alte, aloft; alta, the heights of heaven; altum, the deep. alumnus, -i, m. fosterling. ambiguus, -a, -um, wavering, doubtful, in doubtful case. ambio (4), tr. and intr. flow round, approach. ambo, -ae, -o, both. āmens, -ntis, frenzied, distraught. amictus, -ūs, m. garb, mantle. amicus, -a, -um, friendly; amicus, -i, m. friend. āmitto, -mīsi, -missum (3), tr. lose, drop. amnis, -is, m. river. amo (1), tr. love, hug; amans, m. j. lover. amoenus, -a, -um, charming, enchanting (of scenery). amor, -ōris, m. love; pl. love, ties of mutual love. Amphrysius, -a, -um, of or belonging to the Amphrysus, a river in Phthiōtis; hence of Apollo. amplexus, -ùs, m. embrace. amplius, adv. more, longer. amplus, -a, -um, spacious. an, anne, conj. or, is it true that? anceps, -cipitis, doubtful, uncertain, perplexing, undecided. Anchisēs, -ae, m. father of Aeneas. Anchisiadēs, -ae, m. son of Anchises. ancora, -ae, f. anchor. Ancus, -i, m. the fourth king of Rome. anguis, -is, c. snake. anhēlitus, -ūs, m. panting. anima, -ae, f. spirit, life, breath of life. apis, -is, f. bee. Apollo, -inis, m. twin-brother of Diana, god of the sun and god of divination. apricus, -a, -um, sunny. apto (1), tr. fit, make ready. aptus, -a, -um (partic. of apo), fitted, studded. apud, prep. c. acc. near, among, in the hearts of. aqua, -ae, J. water. aquilo, -ōnis, m. north wind. āra, -ae, f. altar. arbor, -oris, f. tree. Arcadius, -a, -um, Arcadian. arceo, -ui, -(2), tr. keep away from. arcus, -ūs, m. bow, rainbow. ardeo, arsi, arsum (2), intr. am on fire, am eager; ardens, furious, glowing. ardor, -ōris, m. zeal, eagerness. arduus, -a, -um, high, held high; arduum, -i, n. height. argentum, -i, n. silver. Argīvus, -a, -um, of Argos, Argive. Argolicus, -a, -um, Argolic, Greek; Arg. mare, the G. of Argolis, between Argolis and Laconia. Argos, n. the capital of Argolis. arguo, -ui, -ūtum (3), tr. prove, imply. arma, -ōrum, n. arms, armour, tackle. armipotens, -potentis, powerful in arms, valiant. |