A. U.CA.D. 955 202 Fifth persecution of the Christians. 960 207 Severus visits Britain. 962 209 Severus builds his wall in Britain. 964 211 Severus dies at York, and is succeeded by Caracalla and Geta. In the reign of Se verus flourished Tertullian, Minucius Felix, Papinian, Clemens Alexandrinus, Philostratus, &c. 965 212 Geta killed by his brother Caracalla. 970 217 Caracalla killed and succeeded by Macrinus. In this reign Oppian flourished. 971 218 Macrinus killed by the Prætorian guards and succeeded by Elagabalus. 975 222 Elagabalus killed by the Prætorian guards and succeeded by Alexander. 988 235 The sixth persecution of the Christians. Alexander killed by the soldiers and succeeded by Maximin. In the reign of Alexander flourished Dion Cassius, Origen and Ammonius. 989 236 Maximin killed by the soldiers, and succeeded by the two Gordians, who are killed by Pupienus and Balbinus. 990 238 Pupienus and Balbinus killed by the soldiers and succeeded by Gordian. 997 244 Gordian killed and succeeded by Philip. 1002 249 Philip killed by the soldiers and succeeded by Decius. 1003 250 Seventh persecution of the Christians. 1004 251 Decius killed in battle against the Goths and succeeded by Gallus. 1006 253 Gallus killed and succeeded by Emilianus, who is soon killed by his soldiers and succeeded by Valerian. 1010 257 Eighth persecution of the Christians. 1012 259 Valerian taken by Sapor King of Persia, by whom he is kept prisoner and at length flayed alive. 1013 260 Gallienus succeeds Valerian. The thirty pretenders to the empire called the thirty A. U.C. A.D. 1021 1023 1025 1026 1028 1035 1037 1039 1056 1057 1059 1065 268 Gallienus killed by his soldiers, and suc- 270 Claudius dies and is succeeded by Aurelian. 275 Aurelian killed and succeeded by Tacitus, 282 Probus killed by his soldiers, and succeeded by Carus and his two sons Carinus and Numerianus. 284 Carus killed by lightning, and succeeded by Dioclesian. 286 Dioclesian takes Maximianus as his partner in the empire. 303 Tenth persecution of the Christians, which continues ten years. 304 Dioclesian and Maximianus abdicate the empire, and are succeeded by Constantius Chlorus and Galerius. 306 Constantius dies, and is succeeded by his son Constantine the Great. 312 Maxentius defeated and killed by Constantine. 1072 319 Constantine begins to favour the Chris tians. 1077 324 Licinius defeated and banished by Con 1078 stantine. 325 The first general Council of Nice. 1081 328 The seat of empire removed from Rome to Constantinople. 1083 330 Solemn dedication of Constantinople. 337 Death of Constantine and succession of and Constantius. 340 Constantine killed by Constans at Aqui leia. 350 Constans killed in Spain by Magnentius. A.D. 360 Death of Constantius: succession of Julian. 363 Death of Julian: succession of Jovian. 364 Death of Jovian. Division of the empire into Eastern and Western; the former being governed by Valens, the latter by Valentinian. 410 Rome taken and plundered by Alaric king of the Visigoths. 426 The Romans leave Britain. 447 Attila king of the Huns, surnamed the Scourge of God, ravages Europe. 455 Rome taken by Genseric king of the Vandals. 474 Augustulus last emperor of the West. 476 The Western empire destroyed by Odoacer king of the Heruli, who assumes the title of King of all Italy. 529 Justinian publishes his celebrated code, and four years after, his digest. Age of Belisarius. 581 About this time Latin ceases to be the language of Italy. 622 Mahomet, in his 53d year, flies from Mecca to Medina, on Friday, July 16., which forms the first year of the Hegira, or Mahometan æra. 632 Death of Mahomet. 637 Jerusalem taken by the Saracens. 640 Alexandria taken by the Saracens and the library destroyed. 732 Battle of Poictiers, in which the Saracens are defeated and driven out of France by Charles Martel. 800 Charlemagne crowned emperor of Rome and of the Western empire. 1096 The first crusade. 1099 Jerusalem taken by the crusaders. 1188 Third crusade, and siege of Acre. 1453 May 29. Mahomet II. takes Constantinople, and puts an end to the Eastern empire. b NOTE ON THE CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. MOST of the events mentioned in this table are extracted from Dr. Blair's Chronology, and prefixed to that most excellent and useful work Dr. Lempriere's Classical Dictionary, with this difference, that I have followed Dr. Blair in giving the synchronical dates of Olympiads and years of Rome, whereas Dr. Lempriere has contented himself with giving merely the year before Christ, and adds that "the era from the foundation of Rome, will be easily found by recollecting that the city was built 753 years before Christ; and the Olympiads can likewise be recurred to by the consideration that the conquest of Corobus (B. C. 776) forms the first Olympiad, and that the Olympic games were celebrated after the revolution of four years." The learned author, however, may thus lead his readers into an error of considerable magnitude. To illustrate this as briefly as possible, I will give an instance in both cases, explaining the source of the error, and give the rule for rectifying it. The reader may possibly infer from Dr. Lempriere's rule, that having the year before Christ given, he can find that of Rome by simple subtraction, and that of the Olympiads by subtraction and division: this, however, is not the case; - to take an example Rome was founded B. C. 753 I wish to know in what year of Rome this event happened; Therefore from 753 take 44 Remains 709 for the year of Rome, in which Cæsar was killed. But, in fact, he was killed A. U. C. 710, a year later than the date given. The reason of this difference will be plain, if we consider an event which happened 752 years before Christ, and which, therefore, must have happened in the second year of Rome, as 753 was the first year. Yet, from 753 Remains 1 So that it appears to have happened not in the second but the first year of Rome. Again, an event which happened in the first year would have no remainder, or would appear to have happened before Rome was built. In all cases, therefore, it will be necessary to add to the remainder one for the current year, in order to get the true year of Rome; or as a shorter and more commodious RULE, Subtract the given year before Christ from 754, and the remainder will then give the year of Rome. Thus Cæsar was killed B. C. 44-required the year of Rome. From 754 take 44 Remains 710.— Answer, A. U. C. 710. The same mode of reasoning applies to the Olympiads.-The Battle of the Granicus was fought B. C. 334: the first Olympiad took place B. C.776; and an Olympiad is a period of four years If, therefore, we subtract 334 from 776, and divide the remainder by 4, the quotient, according to Dr. Lempriere, ought to give us the Olympiad ; and the remainder, if any, the year of the Olympiad. Let us try this: From 776 take 334 4 | 442 | 110,2 or this event ought to have happened in the 2d year of the 110th Olympiad, as I get a quotient of 110 and 2 over. happened in the 3d year of the 111th Olympiad. deduce the following Now it really Whence we may |