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Ol. cliii. 1.

JA. U. C. B. C.

586 168 Battle of Pydna, in which Perses is defeated by Paulus Æmilius, and Macedonia reduced to a Roman province. Age of Terence, Polybius, Pacuvius, Hipparchus, Carneades, &c.

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621

633

643

149 Third Punic war begins.
148 Romans make war upon the
Achæans.

145 Carthage destroyed by Scipio,
and Corinth by Mummius.
146 Viriatus defeated by Lælius in
Spain.

141 Numantine war begins; continues 8 years.

136 The famous embassy of Scipio, Metellus, Mummius, and Panatius into Egypt, Syria, and Greece.

135 The history of the Apocrypha

ends.

133 Numantia taken. Pergamus annexed to the Roman empire.

121 Caius Gracchus killed. Age of Lucilius.

111 Jugurthine war begins, and continues five years.

652 102 Teutones defeated by Marius. 101 Teutones and Cimbri defeated by Marius and Catulus.

653

657

663

665

666

97 Cyrene left by Ptolemy Apion to the Romans.

91 Social war begins, and con-
tinues 3 years till finished by
Sylla.

89 Mithridatic war begins, and
continues 26 years.
88 Civil wars of Marius and Sylla
begin, and continue 6 years.

A. U. C. B. C.

672

676

679

681

683

685

688

689

691

694

82 Sylla defeats the younger Marius, and is made dictator.

78 Death of Sylla.

75 Bithynia left by Nicomedes to the Romans.
73 Servile war begins under Spartacus.
71 Spartacus defeated by Crassus and Pompey.
69 Mithridates and Tigranes defeated by
Lucullus.

66 Mithridates conquered by Pompey in a
night battle. Crete subdued by Metellus,
who obtains the surname of Creticus.
65 Pompey conquers Syria, which puts an end
to the reign of the Seleucidæ.

63 Catiline's conspiracy defeated by Cicero.
Mithridates kills himself.

60 First triumvirate of Cæsar, Pompey, aud Crassus. Age of Cicero, Catullus, Lucretius, Sallust, &c.

58 Cicero banished, and recalled in sixteen, months.

55 Cæsar invades Britain.

53 Death of Crassus.

696

699

701

704

706

707

708

46 War of Africa.

709

710 711

712

715

50 Civil war between Cæsar and Pompey.

48 Battle of Pharsalia.

47 Alexandria taken by Cæsar.

Cato kills himself. Cæsar

corrects the calendar by the advice of Sosigenes: the year of confusion, consisting of 15 months, or 445 days.

45 Battle of Munda.

44 Cæsar killed in the senate house.

43 Battle of Mutina. Second triumvirate of Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus. Cicero proscribed and put to death. Age of C. Nepos, Diodorus Siculus, Trogus Pompeius, Varro, &c.

42 Battle of Philippi.

39 Ventidius defeats Pacorus general of the Parthians on the same day 14 after years

[A. U. C. B. C.

718

722

723

724

727

734

737

739

742

748 749

755

762

763 767

770

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779

784

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792

36 Pompey the younger defeated in Sicily by
Octavius.

32 Octavius and Antony prepare for war.
31 Battle of Actium.

30 Alexandria taken, and Egypt reduced to a
Roman province.

27 Title of Augustus given to Octavius. The Augustan age-of Virgil, Manilius, Asinius Pollio, Mecænas, Agrippa, Strabo, Horace, Macer, Propertius, Livy, Tibullus, Ovid, Varius, Tucca, Vitruvius, Dionysius Halicarnassensis, and Dionysius Periegetes.

20 Tiberius recovers the Roman standards from
the Parthians.

17 Secular games celebrated at Rome.
15 Rhæti and Vindelici defeated by Drusus.
12 Pannonians defeated by Tiberius.

6 Tiberius retires to Rhodes for seven years.
4 Our Saviour born, four years before the vul-
gar æra.

A.D.

2 Tiberius returns to Rome.

9 Ovid banished to Tomos.

10 Varus defeated in Germany by Arminius.
14 Augustus dies at Nola, and is succeeded by
Tiberius. Age of Phædrus, Asinius Gal-
lus, Paterculus, Cornelius Celsus, &c.
17 Twelve cities in Asia Minor destroyed by an
earthquake.

19 Germanicus poisoned by Piso, dies at An

tioch.

26 Tiberius retires to the island of Capreæ.
31 Sejanus disgraced and put to death.
33 Our Saviour crucified.

36 Conversion of St. Paul.

37 Tiberius dics and is succeeded by Caligula. Age of Valerius Maximus, Columella, Philo Judæus, &c.

39 St. Matthew writes his gospel.

JA.U.C.A.D.

793

794

796

797

804

807

812

817

818 819

820

821

822

823

832

834

848

849

851

855

40 The disciples first called Christians at Antioch.

41 Caligula killed by Chærea and succeeded by Claudius.

43 The expedition of Claudius into Britain.
44 St. Mark writes his gospel.

51 Caractacus brought a prisoner to Rome.
54 Claudius poisoned by Agrippina and suc-
ceeded by Nero.

59 Agrippina put to death by her son Nero.
64 First persecution of the Christians.
65 Seneca and Lucan put to death by Nero.
66 Nero visits Greece. The Jewish war begins.
Age of Persius, Q. Curtius, Pliny the
naturalist, Josephus, Frontinus, &c.
67 St. Peter and St. Paul put to death.
68 Nero killed and succeeded by Galba.
69 Galba killed and succeeded by Otho.
Otho, defeated by Vitellius, kills himself.
Vitellius defeated, and killed, and suc-
ceeded by Vespasian.

70 Jerusalem taken and destroyed by Titus,
Saturday, Sept. 8.

79 Death of Vespasian: succession of Titus. Herculaneum, Pompeii, and Stabiæ destroyed by an eruption of Vesuvius, in which Pliny the elder lost his life. Age of Josephus.

81 Death of Titus and succession of Domitian.
Age of Sil. Italicus, Martial, Apollonius
of Tyana, Valerius Flaccus, Solinus,
Epictetus, Quintilian, Agricola, &c.

95 Second persecution of the Christians.
96 Domitian killed by Stephanus and succeeded
by Nerva. Age of Juvenal, Tacitus,
Statius, &c.

98 Death of Nerva and succession of Trajan. 102 Pliny proconsul of Bithynia writes his famous letter to Trajan giving an account

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856

859

860

867

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871

874 883

884

891

914

922 933

945

946

947

951

103 Trajan reduces Dacia to a Roman province. 106 Trajan's expedition to Parthia. Age of Florus, Suetonius, Pliny the younger,

Plutarch, &c.

107 Third persecution of the Christians.
114 Trajan's column erected at Rome.
117 Death of Trajan: succession of Hadrian.
118 Fourth persecution of the Christians.
121 Hadrian builds his wall in Britain.
130 Hadrian rebuilds Jerusalem and erects a
temple there to Jupiter.

131 The Jews rebel, and after a war of five years
are defeated and all banished.

138 Death of Hadrian and succession of Antoninus Pius. In the reign of Hadrian flourished Phavorinus, Aristides the sophist, Polycarp, Arrian, Ptolemy the geographer, &c.

161 Death of Antoninus: succession of Marcus Aurelius and L. Verus. In the reign of Antoninus flourished Maximus Tyrius, Pausanias the topographer of Greece, Diophantus the mathematician, Lucian, Hermogenes, Polyænus, Appian, Artemidorus, Justin Martyr, Apuleius, &c.

169 War of the Marcomanni.

180 Death of Aurelius: succession of Commo-
dus. In the reign of Aurelius flourished
Galen, Athenagoras, Tatian, Athenæus,
Diogenes Laertius.

192 Commodus killed by Martia and Lætus:
succeeded by Pertinax, who reigns a few
months. In this reign flourished Julius
Pollux, Theodotian, Irenæus, &c.
193 Pertinax killed by the Prætorian_guards,
who sell the empire to Didius Julianus.
Didius Julianus killed by the Prætorian.
guards, and succeeded by Severus.

194 Severus defeats his rival Niger at Issus.
198 Severus defeats and kills his rival Albinus

at Lyons.

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