Vorganium, is corrupted into Korbez. Among the Osismii were also the Brivatus Portus, Brest; Uxantis Insula, Ushant; and below it Sena, or Sain, corresponding in some measure to the British Mona, as being the sacred residence of the Gallic priestesses. The whole of this tract between the Seine and Loire was called Armorica, which at last, however, was exclusively `confined to Bretagne.

Gallia Belgica was divided into Belgica Prima and Secunda, Germania Prima, or Superior, and Secunda, or Inferior, and Maxima Sequanorum. In Belgica Prima the principal people were the Treveres, whose capital, Augusta, is still called Treves, situated on the Mosella, or Moselle, which flows into the Rhine. Southwards were the Mediomatrici, whose capital, Divodurum, was afterwards called Metis, and Metz. Still South were the Leuci, and to their North West the Verodunenses, whose capital, Verodunum, is still Verdun. North West of Belgica Prima was Belgica Secunda. The principal people were the Remi, who were much attached to the Romans in the time of Cæsar. The capital, Durocortorum, still preserves their name in that of Rheims. On their South, the Catalauni give name to Chalons. Closely connected with the Remi were the Suessiones, whose capital, Augusta, is now Soissons. Northwards are the Veromandui, or Vermandois, whose capital, Augusta, is St. Quintin. West of them were the Bellovaci, a very warlike nation, well known in Cæsar's Commentaries, whose capital, Cæsaromagus, is still Beauvois. Northwards, the Ambiana had for their capital Samarobriva, so called from the bridge on the

*

Samarus, or Somme. It is now, from the name of the people, Amiens. Still Northwards, were the Atrebates, or Artois, whose capital, Nemetacum, is still Arras, or Atrecht. Above these were the Morini, on the extreme Northern coast. Their capital was Taruenna, or Terouenne. On the coast also was Gesoriacum, or Bononia, now Bologne, and about it Portus Itius, or Witsand, from which Cæsar embarked for the invasion of Britain. East of these were the Nervii, whose original capital was Bagacum, Bavia, in the middle of Hainau, but afterwards Camaracum, or Cambray, and Turnacum, or Tournay. Next to these was Germania Secunda, inferior, or lower, so called as being near the coast, lying between the Scaldis, or Scheldt, and the Rhenus, or Rhine. On the West bank of the Rhine were the Ubii, the chief people, whose capital, Colonia Agrippina, or Cologne, was so called in compliment to Agrippina, the wife of the Emperor Claudius. West of these were the Eburones, a people who were annihilated by Cæsar, in revenge for their having slaughtered a Roman legion, and their country was occupied by the Tungri, whose capital, Atuataca, is still called Tongres. All these nations were of Germanic origin. Between these and the Treveri, whose capital, Augusta, is now Treves, was the great forest of Arduenna, or Ardenne, extending from the confines of the Nervii to the Rhine. Above them were the Toxandri and Menapii, and still North, the Batavi, who possessed an island between the right

* Hence Virgil

Extremique hominum Morini.

-

En. VIII. 727.

branch of the Rhine and the Vahalis, or Waal, its left branch. The principal city of the Batavi, was Lugdunum Batavorum, which still preserves its name in Noviomagus also is easily recognised in

Leyden.
Nimeguen.

Germania Prima, superior, or upper, so called as being more inland, lay along the Western bank of the Rhine, and contained three Germanic nations — the Vangiones, Nemetes, and Triboci. The capital of the Vangiones was Borbetomagus, or Worms, North of which were Mogantiacum, or Mentz, and Confluentes, or Coblentz; the capital of the Nemetes, Noviomagus, or Spires; and of the Triboci, Argentoratum, or Strasburg.

Maxima Sequanorum had for its principal nation the Sequani; their capital was Vesontio, or Besançon, on the river Dubis, now Doux. Next to them were the

whose principal city was

Helvetii, part of Switzerland, Aventicum, now Avenche; Turicum is now Zurich. Above the Helvetii were the Rauraci, whose principal city was Augusta, now Augst, a little South of Basilia, or Basle.

CHAPTER VII.

GERMANIA.

THE first grand division of the German nations is into the Istævones, on the West of Germany, who inhabited the countries adjacent to the Rhine; the Hermiones, on the South, who were those adjacent to the Danube; and the Suevi, in the North, who were contiguous to the Baltic, and the most celebrated of the three.

The Western bank of the Rhine has already been described, as containing several German nations, in the three Gallic provinces along the Rhine. On the Eastern bank of the Rhine, on the coast, are the Frisii, or Frisons; their country was intersected by a canal, made by Drusus, called Flevo, the waters of which, having in time increased, now form the Zuyder Zee, or Southern Sea, one of whose channels, the Vlie, still retains traces of the original name. North East of the Frisii were the Chauci Minores and Majores, a Suevic race, distinguished by Tacitus as the most noble and just

of all the German nations. The Minores were situated between the Amisia, or Ems, and the Visurgis, or Weser the Majores between the Visurgis and the Albis, or Elbe. South of the Frisii were the Bructeri, in the Eastern parts of whose country were the Chamavi and Angrivarii. The former had originally been settled on the banks of the Rhine, till removed by the Usipii; the latter have given name to Angria, the kingdom of the Saxon Witikind. The Marsi and Chasuarii were also in this district. South East of the Chauci, between the Visurgis and Albis, were the Cherusci, who, under the conduct of Arminius, defeated and slew the three Roman legions commanded by Varus, A. D. 10, in the Saltus Teutobergiensis, or Bishopric of Paderborn. They were afterwards defeated by Germanicus, and never recovered their former eminence. On the East bank of the Rhine, South of the Usipii, were the Sicambri, who were driven over it by the Catti, in the time of Augustus, and settled in Germania Prima, under the name of Gugerni. The Tencteri inhabited a district South of the Sicambri. East of these was the great and powerful nation of the Catti, called by Cæsar the Suevi, an Hermionic tribe, who were seated in Hesse. A fortress of the Catti, called Castellum, still bears the name of Cassel, but their capital, Mattium, is Marpurg. South of them, along the Rhine, were the Mattiaci, a nation in firm alliance with the Roman Empire; and South of these was the original settlement of the Marcomanni, who afterwards migrated into Bohemia. South East of these was Mons Abnoba, or the Black Mountain, in which the Danube rises; the adjoining district was called the Decumates Agri, because the inhabitants were subject to a tax of