the Rhine, was added to the Belgæ, under the title of Belgica. Lastly, the South of Gaul, which, from having been the first province possessed by the Romans, was distinguished by the name of Gallia Provincia, took the name of Narbonensis. This province was antiently called also Gallia Braccata *, from the braccæ, or breeches, worn by the inhabitants; while Gallia Celtica was called Comata, from the long hair worn by the natives. These earlier distinctions are of use, as prevailing in the time of Cæsar, before the quadruple partition above alluded to.

These four great provinces, in later ages, were called the four Gauls, and were subdivided into seventeen others. Of these, Narbonensis contained five: Narbonensis Prima, Viennensis, Narbonensis Secunda, Alpes Maritimæ, Alpes Graiæ et Penninæ. We shall very briefly mention some of the principal tribes, or cities, in each of these. Narbonensis Prima was at the Western bend of the Sinus, nearly corresponding to Languedoc. The principal tribes were the Volca Arecomici, towards the Rhodanus, or Rhone, and the Volca Tectosages, South West of them. Among the former was the city of Nemausus, or Nismes, among the latter Tolosa, now Toulouse. On the coast, under the bend of the Sinus

Breac is the Celtic word for a stripe. Hence we need not doubt that these breeches were made of striped materials. Hence also we may understand what is meant by the virgati Dahæ, having a reference to their striped garments. Traces of this early apparel may yet be observed in the Scotch plaid, the patterns of which are always longitudinal and transverse stripes. The Highlanders are a Gaelic (i. e. a Celtic) race.

Gallicus, was Narbo, now Narbonne, which gave name to this division of Gaul. Above them, and on the East bank of the Rhone, was Viennensis, so called from Vienna, now Vienne, in Dauphiné. In the North of this province were the Allobroges; in the South the Vocontii; below them we may notice Avenio, Avignon, Arelate, Arles, and Massilia, or Marseilles, a celebrated colony founded by the Phocæans+, B. C. 600. In Narbonensis Secunda, the Salyes were the principal people, who were descended from the Ligurians, and stretched along the South bank of the Druentia, or Durance, almost to the Alps. The capital was Aquæ Sextiæ, or Aix, Below it, on the coast, was Telo Martius, now Toulon: but the celebrated Roman port was North East of it, at Forum Julii, now Frejus, the birth-place of Agricola. North East of Narbonensis Secunda was the province of the Alpes Maritimæ, whose metropolis was Ebrodunum, or Embrun. The most considerable people were the Caturiges. They were situated at the foot of the Cottian Alps, or Mount Genevre, over which Hannibal passed in his way to Italy, and which were so called from a prince named Cottius, who was protected by Augustus. Above the Alpis Cottia is the Alpis Graia, or Little St. Bernard, and above it the Alpis Pennina, or Great St. Bernard. These formed the fifth province into which Gallia Nar bonensis was subdivided.

*Not to be confounded with Vindebona, now Vienna, in Germany.

Aquitania was subdivided into Prima, Secunda, and Novem Populana. The Bituriges Cubi were the princi pal people of Aquitania Prima; their capital, first called Avaricum, afterwards took the name of the people, and is still called Bourges. The Arverni also were very powerful in the time of Cæsar, who occupied the district still called Auvergne; their capital was Augustonometum, now Clermont, a little North of Gergovia, which so long baffled the arms of Cæsar. Below them were the Gabali, whose capital was Anderidum, or Mende; and the Ruteni, whose capital was Segodunum, or Rodez. West of the Ruteni were the Cadurci, whose capital was Divona, or Cahors; above it was Uxellodunum, besieged by Cæsar. The Lemovices, whose capital was Augustoritum, still give name to Limoges.

The capital of Aquitania Secunda was Burdigala, or Bourdeaux, upon the mouth of the Garumna, among the Bituriges Vivisci. The Petrocorii give name to Perigeux, the former name of which was Vesuna, still retained in that quarter of the city called La Visone. Above the Garumna, the Santones give name to the province of Santogne, and the city of Saintes. Uliarus, opposite the mouth of the Garonne, is the Isle of Oleron. Above them, the Pictones, or Pictavi, extend to the Southern bank of the Liger, or Loire; they still give name to their capital Poictiers, antiently called Limo

num.

The third province of Aquitania is that which was originally comprehended under that name, but which it exchanged for that of Novem Populana, as consisting of

nine principal nations, of whom the Elusates and Ausci appear to have been the chief. The Sotiates were a small tribe, above them, mentioned by Cæsar.

Gallia Lugdunensis was subdivided at first into two, and subsequently into four divisions, called Prima, Secunda, Tertia, and Quarta, or Senonia. It extended from the city of Lugdunum, or Lyons, on the Rhone, to the Western Ocean, being bounded on the South by Aquitania, and on the North by Belgia. The capital of Lugdunensis Prima, was Lugdunum, in the small tribe of the Ambarri, between the junctions of the Arar and Rhodanus, or the Saone and Rhone. The great nation of the Ædui were in this district, whose capital was called Bibracte in the time of Cæsar, Augustodunum under Augustus, and is now corrupted into Autun. Above it was the famous city of Alesia, or Alise, the account of whose memorable siege occupies the last twoand-twenty chapters of Cæsar's seventh book on the Gallic war. Near it were the Lingones, who have given their name to their capital, once called Andematunum, now Langres. Immediately adjoining these, to the North West, were the Senones, from whom the Lugdunensis Quarta was called Senonia, and which will be more conveniently now described, than in its regular order after the second and third. Their capital, originally called Agidincum, is now called, from the name of the people, Sens. To the North West of them, the Carnutes have, in like manner, given to their capital Autricum, the name of Chartres; and, to the North, the Parisii still give to Lutetia the name of Paris. South of the Carnutes, the Aureliani still preserve their name

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in Orleans, called by Cæsar Genabum. Among the Senones was Antissiodurum, now Auxerre, Noviodunum, or Nevirnum, Nevers, and Melodunum, Melun. North of the Lugdunensis Quarta was the Lugdunensis Secunda, nearly comprised in the situation of Normandy. The principal nation were the Velocasses, whose capital Rotomagus is now Rouen. Above them were the Caleti, or Pays de Caux: and South West the Lexovii whose capital, Noviomagus, is still Lizieur; South are the Aulerci Eburovices, whose capital, Mediolanum, still retains the name of Evreux. West of the Lexovii are the Viducasses, Bajocasses, whose capital is still Bayeux, and Abrincatui, whose capital is Avranches. Below were the Saii, or Essui, whose capital is Séez. Off this coast were the islands of Cæsarea, Sarnia, and Riduna-Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney. ·

The Lugdunensis Tertia had for its principal people the Turones, who have given the name of Tours to Cæsarodunum, their capital. Above them were the Andes, or Andecavi, whose capital, Juliomagus, has still preserved the name of Angers. And the Aulerci Cenomani have given to their capital, Suindunum, the name of Mans. The Arvii have preserved their capital in a place called Citè, on the little river Erve. The Diablintes have given to Neodunum the name of Jablins. The Redones are easily discoverable in Rennes, and the Namnetes, in Nantz, which two capitals were antiently called Condate and Condivincum. North West of the Namnetes were the Veneti, whose antient capital, Dariorigum, still preserves the name of Vennes. Above them were the Corisopoti and the Osismii, whose capital,

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