14. The reason why a stick plunged in water appears bent is, that the rays of light from the different points in the stick are refracted, for all luminous rays are refracted or bent when they pass obliquely from one medium into another.

15. Let AB be the object, and ab its image, and C the centre of the mirror. Then, since the mirror is convex, the image is vertical, erect and smaller than the object.

The triangles ABC and abC are similar,

.. Length of the image: Length of object centre distance of object from centre.

Now since 1

u

2
r

=

distance of image from

This gives the distance of the image from the surface of the mirror.

16. In order to determine the focal length of a lens when parallel rays are not available, place the lens between a scale and a screen, and by altering the positions of the lens and screen, a position can be found experimentally, such that an image of the object is formed on the screen exactly of the same size. Now divide the distance between the object and the screen by 4, and we get the focal length of the lens.

Let p be the distance of the object from the lens, and p' the distance of its image from the lens. Then, if f be the focal length of the lens

The next Guide (No. 3) will be published on Tuesday, June 26th.

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In this Guide the Student is taken carefully and systematically through the Commentaries, the work for each week being allotted, an epitome of each Chapter being afforded, the Student's attention being called to all points of importance, the Leading Statutes in each Volume set out, and a set of Test Questions to be answered at the end of each week given. In the Appendix is afforded a Translation of every Latin Maxim in the Commentaries. The work is so divided that the course can be followed by the Student whether he gives twelve, six or three months to the work.

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we doubt whether he (the Student) can do better than make this book his companion, make himself acquainted with its contents, and take the advice offered in it by the Author, which is sound, whilst his instruction is clear."-Law Journal.

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