10. a. Utinam ille disputationi adfuisset !

b. Ecquis mihi dicere potest utrum reus suum facinus confessus sit an non ?

c. Magister puerum esse dignum qui acciperet summos honores dixit. d. Dux imperavit ut milites lignum conferrent, et per noctem vigilarent. e. Decet honestum ne quid faciat quod alii noceat.

f. Opus est nobis fidelibus ducibus qui per regiones tam desertas nos ducant, in quibus tot et tantae caedes intra hos paucos annos commissae sint.

GREEK.

Examiners-JAMES S. REID, Esq., LL.M., M.A., and Dr. LEONHARD SCHMITZ, F.R.S.E. HOMER: Iliad, Book xviii.

I. Translation into English :

A.

Νῦν δ ̓, ἐπεὶ οὐ νέομαί γε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,
οὐδέ τι Πατρόκλῳ γενόμην φάος οὐδ ̓ ἑτάροισιν
τοῖς ἄλλοις, οἳ δὴ πολέες δάμεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ,
ἀλλ ̓ ἦμαι παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐτώσιον ἄχθος αρούρης,
τοῖος ἐὼν οἷος οὔτις ̓Αχαιών χαλκοχιτώνων
ἐν πολέμῳ δέ τ ̓ ἀμείνονες εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοι.
ὡς ἔρις ἔκ τε θεῶν ἔκ τ ̓ ἀνθρώπων ἀπόλοιτο,
καὶ χόλος, ὅστ ̓ ἐφέηκε πολύφρονά περ χαλεπῆναι,
ὅστε πολὺ γλυκίων μέλιτος καταλειβομένοιο
ἀνδρῶν ἐν στήθησσιν ἀέξεται ηύτε καπνός
ὡς ἐμὲ νῦν ἐχόλωσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν ̓Αγαμέμνων.
ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν, ἀχνύμενοί περ,
θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον δαμάσαντες ἀνάγκῃ.

Β.

Ἐν δὲ δύω ποίησε πόλεις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων
καλάς. ἐν τῇ μέν ῥα γάμοι τ' ἔσαν εἰλαπίναι τε,
νύμφας δ ̓ ἐκ θαλάμων δαΐδων ὕπω λαμπομενάων
ἠγίνεον ἀνὰ ἄστυ, πολύς δ ̓ ὑμέναιος ορώρει·
κοῦροι δ ̓ ὀρχηστῆρες ἐδίνεον, ἐν δ ̓ ἄρα τοῖσιν
αὐτοὶ φόρμιγγές τε βοὴν ἔχον· αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες
ἱστάμεναι θαύμαζον ἐπὶ προθύροισιν ἑκάστη.
λαοὶ δ ̓ εἶν ἀγορῇ ἔσαν ἀθρόοι· ἔνθα δέ νεῖκος
ὠρώρει, δύο δ ̓ ἄνδρες ἐνείκεον εἵνεκα ποινῆς
ἀνδρὸς ἀποφθιμένου· ὁ μὲν εὔχετο πάντ' ἀποδοῦναι,
δήμῳ πιφαύσκων, ὁ δ ̓ ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι·
ἄμφω δ ̓ ἱέσθην ἐπὶ ἴστορι πεῖραρ ἑλέσθαι·
λαοὶ δ ̓ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἐπήπυον, ἀμφὶς ἀρωγοί·
κήρυκες δ ̓ ἄρα λαὸν ἐρήτυον· οἱ δὲ γέροντες
εἵατ ̓ ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι λίθοις ἱερῷ ἐνὶ κύκλῳ,
σκῆπτρα δὲ κηρύκων ἐν χέρσ ̓ ἔχον ἠεροφώνων

τοῖσιν ἔπειτ ̓ ἄΐσσον, ἀμοιβηδὶς δὲ δίκαζον,
κεῖτο δ ̓ ἄρ ̓ ἐν μεσσοισι δύω χρυσοῖο τάλαντα,
τῷ δόμεν ὃς μετὰ τοῖσι δίκην ἰθύντατα εἴποι.

II. Grammar

1. Decline throughout λαμπάς, γόνυ, ἦμαρ, βους, γυνή.

2. How does the Epic declension differ from the Attic (a) of the personal pronouns, (b) of πόλις, ἀνήρ, ναῦς, βασιλεύς

3. Parse and give the meaning of ἔφθιεν, φϋ, κατέκτα, ἐπιθείομαι, ἐνδίεσαν, τρυγόῳεν, ἀραρυῖαν, πέφαται.

4. What difference is there between the uses of the definite article in Homer and those found in Attic Greek?

5. Write out in full the second aorist optative active of ἐπιτίθημι, the first aorist indicative middle of ἀπόλλυμι, the second aorist subjunctive passive of φαίνω.

6. Describe the principal forms of conditional sentences in Greek.

III. History and Geography :

1. Give some account of the political constitution of Greek communities, as depicted by Homer.

2. Show how the question of the date of the Homeric poems is affected by the fact that in them the Achaeans are represented as ruling in the Peloponnese.

3. What inference with regard to the origin of the Trojans may be drawn from the fact that the Homeric poems nowhere represent them as speaking a different language from that of the Greeks?

4. Give a general description of the geography of the Troad. What are the chief. views which have been put forward as to the site of Troy ?

5. Where were Μηονίη ἐρατεινή, Κνωσός, Όλυμπος

IV. Passages from books not previously mentioned :

1. Βασιλέας δὲ καὶ ἄρχοντας οὐ τοὺς τὰ σκῆπτρα ἔχοντας Σωκράτης ἔφη εἶναι, οὐδὲ τοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν τυχόντων αἱρεθέντας, οὐδέ τοὺς κλήρῳ λαχόντας, οὐδὲ τοὺς βιασαμένους, οὐδὲ τοὺς ἐξαπατήσαντας, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐπισταμένους ἄρχειν.

2.

Τρεῖς εἰσὶν ἀρεταί· τὰς χρεών σ ̓ ἀσκεῖν, τέκνον

θεούς τε τιμᾶν τούς τε φύσάντας γονεῖς,

νόμους τε κοινοὺς Ἑλλάδος· καὶ ταῦτα ὁρῶν

κάλλιστον ἕξεις στέφανον εὐκλείας ἀεί.

3. Ἧν ποτε χρόνος ὅτε θεοὶ μὲν ἦσαν, θνητὰ δὲ γένη οὐκ ἦν. ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ τούτοις χρόνος ἦλθεν γενέσεως, τυποῦσιν αὐτὰ θεοὶ γῆς ἔνδον ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρὸς καὶ ἐκείνων ὅσα πυρὶ καί γῇ κεράννυται.

ANSWERS TO THE GREEK PAPER.

I.-A.

But now, since I am not to return to my dear native land, I have not proved a light of safety to Patroclus or the rest of my companions, but I sit by the ships uselessly cumbering the earth-I who have no equal among the mail-clad Greeks, though there are others who are superior to me in war. Would that strife might perish from among both Gods and men, and anger, which makes even a wise man wroth, which far sweeter than trickling honey grows in the breasts of men like smoke: just as at the present time Agamemnon, King of Men, has angered me. But we will leave the past alone, grieved though we be, and keep down perforce the anger in our breasts.

B.

And on it he wrought two cities of men endowed with speech-fair to view in the one were marriages and wedding feasts, and they were leading brides from the chambers by the light of burning torches through the city; and loud rose the nuptial song: and young men were tumbling about as dancers, and amongst them flutes and pipes kept up their strain; and the women were sitting, each at her threshold, in admiration. And the people collected in assembly; and there a quarrel arose. Two men were contending for the ransom of a dead man: one declared that he had paid the whole, making his appeal to the people, and the other denied that he had received a penny: and they were both anxious to take judgment by arbitration. And the people cheered both sides, acting as partisans to each: and the heralds tried to check the people; and the old men sat on polished stones in a sacred circle, and held in their hands the staffs of clear-voiced heralds. With these then they moved about and gave judgment in turn. And there lay in the midst two talents of gold, to give to the one who should give judgment most uprightly amongst them.

2. (a) έγω. Ep. forms έμεν, μευ. νωί, νωῖν ἀμμες, ήμεας.

τυνη, σευ, σείο, τοι, ἔμμες.
ἑο, είο, εύ.

(b) πόλις. Ep. forms πόληος, πόλης, πολέες, πολίων, πολίεσσι.

ἀνήρ.

άνερος, ανέρες, ανδρεσσι.

Eng. "He sprang."

κατέκτα. 3rd sing. Epic aor. indic. act. of κατακτείνω.

Eng. "He slew."

ἐπιθείομαι. 1st sing. 2nd aor. subj. mid. of ἐπιτίθημι.

Eng. "I may place."

ἐνδίεσαν. 3rd plur. imp. ind. act. of ενδιημι.

Eng. "They pursued.'

τρυγόῳεν. 3rd plur. pres. opt. act. of τρυγάω.

Eng. “ They might strip off fruit.”

ἀραρυίας. Acc. fem. sing. perf. part. from ἀραρίσκω.

Eng. "Fitted."

πέφαται. 3rd sing. perf. indic. pass. of φενω.

Eng. "He has been slain."

4. In Homer the definite article is used sometimes as a demonstrative and sometimes as a relative pronoun. In Attic Greek it is used as a demonstrative pronoun occasionally, but never as a relative.

1. At the head of the state is the king, who holds his power direct from Zeus. He is the general, priest, and judge of his people. Next to him come the nobles, forming the boulé or council, who give the king their advice. The king, however, is quite independent of the latter. The third element is the agora, or council of freemen, whom the king addresses in company with his nobles, and before whom he administers justice. The boulé and agora have no power independent of the king, in whom all political authority is really vested.

2. We know that the Achaei originally dwelt in Thessaly, and that they migrated to the Peloponnesus, where they were the ruling nation in the heroic times. This would support the theory in favour of the earlier date of the poems.

3. We may infer that the Trojans originally came from Greece. Their ancestor, Dardanus, according to the Greek traditions, was a king in Arcadia, whence he migrated first to Samothrace and afterwards to Asia, where King Teucer gave him a tract of land, on which he built the town of Dardania.

4. Troas, or the Troad, formed the new part of Mysia. It was bounded on the W. by the Aegean Sea; on the N.W. by the Hellespont; on the N.E. and E. by the mountains bordering the valley of the Rhodius, and on the S. by the N. coast of the Gulf of Adramyttium. It is generally mountainous, being intersected by Mount Ida and its branches. The largest plain is that in which Troy stood. The chief rivers were the Simois, Scamander, and the Rhodius. The exact site of Troy itself has been a subject of much dispute. It was probably situated on the upper part of the plain, and its citadel (Pergama) higher up, almost separated from the city by a ravine, and nearly surrounded by the Scamander. Probably the old city was never restored after its destruction by the Greeks; but the Aeolian colonists subsequently built a new city on what they believed to be the ancient site, lower down in the plain; and later on another city was built, lower down still. The former of these was called Ilium Vetus, and the latter Ilium Novum.

5. Moeonia is the ancient name of Lydia.

Cnossus is the chief town in Crete.

Olympus is a lofty mountain on the border of Thessaly and Macedonia.

IV. 1. And Socrates said that kings and rulers were not those who