34. Vergil, like Homer, rushes at once to business, and does not spoil his story by going back too far. Aeneas' travels o'er every sea told in detail might be tedious, so they are thrown in as a tale told by him to Dido. The present passage takes up the story from the end of Book III. The Trojans had set sail from Sicily, meaning to reach the coveted Hesperia, when the storm drove them south to Carthage.

35. vela dabant, sc. ventis. -laeti, happy, because near Italy. - salis by metonomy for maris.—aere, i.e. with keel of bronze. 36. aeternum volnus. Cf. 19-28.-sub pectore, locked in her breast.

37-38. haec, sc. loquitur. - Mene incepto... avertere regem. Is it to be imagined that I conquered desist from my undertaking, and am not able to turn back the king of the Teucrians from Italy? The second clause is an Epic amplification of the first. A. 274; H. 539, III. — incepto. A. 243, b; H. 414. — Italia. A. 384, 4; H. 581, III. 1.

39. quippe, because forsooth.-fatis. Dat. -fato.- Pallasne, See Homer, Od. IV. 499–511.

etc.

40. Argivûm refers only to the Locrians, whom Ajax led to the .-ipsos, the men on the ships. -ponto. Local abl., with idea of means.

war.

41. unius... Aiacis, of one man only, Ajax, son of Oïleus, who had on the night Troy was taken outraged Cassandra, who had fled into the temple of Minerva for safety. Note that guilt and frenzy almost mean frenzied guilt, like the Homeric äîn, infatuate blindness. - Aiacis Oïli is a Grecism. A. 214, b; H. 398, 1.

42. Ipsa, i.e. with her own hands. - Iovis rapidum ignem, i.e. the thunderbolt, which both Juno and Pallas were allowed to hurl.

43. aequora is used when especial attention is drawn to the smoothness of the sea. - ventis. A. 248, c; H. 420.

44. illum, i.e. Ajax. — exspirantem, gasping out. — transfixo, i.e. by the thunderbolt. - pectore. A. 243, b; H. 414, N. 1.— flammas, i.e. the lightning.

45. turbine. Abl. of means. -scopulo acuto, on a pointed rock, viz. Caphareus, the S.E. point of Euboea. It may be taken as either dative or ablative, as infigo governs both. A. 228 or 200, a; H. 386 or 425, 1.

46. ego is in strong contrast with Pallas. — divûm = divorum. -regina. A. 185; H. 362, 2, N. 1. Note the effective number of conjunctions.

47. soror, as both Jupiter and Juno were children of Saturn. -annos. A. 256; H. 379.

48. bella is plural to suit tot annos.— et quisquam ... honorem, and will any one hereafter adore the divinity of Juno or a suppliant place on her altars the homage due? Note the absence of any interrogative particle.- quisquam implies a negative answer.

H. 457.

49. praeterea = posthac. - aris. A. 228; H. 386.

See v. 45. 50. flammato. Vergil poetically uses a simple word = inflammato. corde. A. 258, f; H. 425, II. 1.

51. nimborum is carefully placed at the beginning, Austris at the end, of the verse. -loca. A. 184; H. 363. For the form, A. 79, c; H. 141. Austris, the south winds, here used for winds in general. A. 248, c; H. 421, II.

Aeolia was one of

52. Aeoliam. A. 258, N. 2; H. 380, 2, 2. the Lipari islands, N.E. of Sicily. - Aeolus was the fabled king of the winds.- vasto antro is to be taken with premit. A. 258, f; H. 425, II. 1.

53. The rhythm suits the sense.-luctantes, struggling to break loose.

54. imperio... vinclis ... carcere. A. 248; H. 420. — vinclis et carcere, the bonds of a prison-house. The et coupling the words is merely rhetorical, for the prison and the bonds are identical. This is called Hendiadys. A. p. 298; H. 636, III. 2.

55. Illi, i.e. the winds. - magno cum murmure montis, "while the mountain murmurs mightily." Note the alliteration.

56. circum claustra, i.e. the strongly secured places of egress. -celsa arce. Aeolus' 'lofty citadel' is inside the storm moun

tain.

57. sceptra. The plural used for the singular.

58. ni faciat... ferant... verrant, unless he do this, they will bear away, etc. The present is here used, instead of the imperfect, to prepare the reader for the following scene by denoting the possibility of his not doing so. A. 307, b; H. 509 and N. 2. 59. quippe = certe, assuredly.-rapidi, where our idiom requires the adverb.

60. speluncis atris, in dark caves. See v. 52.

61. molemque et montes is by hendiadys for molem montium. See v. 54.-insuper, above them.

62. foedere certo, by a fixed law. A. 248; H. 419, III.

=

63. premere, sc. eos. - laxus ut laxae essent, proleptic.- qui sciret. A. 317; H. 497, I. Note that the real purpose lies in the two infinitives, and not in sciret.-iussus, i.e. by Jupiter. A. 292; H. 549, 1.

64. his vocibus usa est, addressed these words. A. 249; H. 421, I.

=

65. namque Kai yap, and implies an ellipsis, and I am right in coming to thee, for.

66. mulcere, tollere. Accus. after dedit. A. 112, d, and 273; H. 371, IV., and 533, II. —vento is to be taken with both infinitives, for Vergil regarded the wind as doing that which by not blowing it allowed to be done.

67. Tyrrhenum aequor. Also Tuscum (Inferum) Mare, the sea which extended from Liguria to Sicily. The construction is a Grecism. A. 237, d; H. 371, N. 2.

69. incute vim ventis, strike strength into the winds. A. 228; H. 386, 1.-submersas obrue = submerge et obrue, sink and o'erwhelm. A. 292, R.; H. 549, 5.

70. age diversos, drive them (the men) apart, proleptic. ponto. A. 258, f; H. 425, II. 1.

71. mihi. A. 231; H. 387.- bis septem. So in Ecl. I. Vergil describes twelve as twice six.-corpore. A. 251, a; H. 419, II.

72. quarum limits pulcherrima. A. 216, a, 2; H. 397. — quae, sc. est.-forma. A. 253; H. 424. — Deiopea is attracted here

into the relative clause, being really the object of the following verbs. A. 200, b; H. 445, 9.

73. conubio may be scanned either

A. 248; H. 419, III.—propriam, thine forever.

or

74. omnis begins, annos ends, the verse.-meritis pro talibus. Note the transposition of the words.

75. exigat... faciat. Subj. of purpose. A. 317; H. 497, II. — pulchra prole. A. 248; H. 420. Some explain them by A. 251; H. 419, II.

76. haec contra, in answer to these words, sc. locutus est. A. 206; H. 368, 3.- Tuus explorare labor, sc. est. Note the shifting of all the responsibility for the act upon Juno herself. — quid optes. A. 334; H. 529, I. Direct question = quid optas? 77. explorare. A. 270; H. 538. A. 167, c; H. 336, II. N. 2.

capessere. Frequentative.

78. quodcumque hoc regni, whatever of sovereignty this is, i.e. this poor realm of mine. - regni. A. 216, a, 3; H. 397, 3. sceptra Iovemque, the might of Jove. See 54, N.

79. epulis. A. 228; H. 386. — accumbere. See note on mulcere, v. 66. To recline at table was the Roman custom.

80. nimborum. A. 218, «; H. 399, I. 3.- facis, sc. me.

81. dicta, sc. sunt.- conversa, turned toward the mountain. -cuspide. A. 255; H. 431.

82. impulit in latus, he smote on its side, thus opening the claustra conceived of as folding doors opening inwards. - velut agmine facto, a line of march being formed, so to speak. A military metaphor and so requiring velut to soften it down.

83. qua. A. 258, ƒ; H. 425, II. Commonly regarded as an adverb.data, sc. est.- porta, an egress through the opened claustra.-ruunt, rush forth = eruunt, vid. N. on verteret, v. 20. -turbine. A. 248; H. 419, III.

84. Incubuere, they are fallen, the perfect denoting the swiftness of the action.-mari. A. 228; H. 386.—totum, sc. mare, obj. of ruunt in next verse.

85. The many conjunctions (polysyndeton) are used for effect.

— ruunt, are ploughing up. Compare the use of same verb in v. 83. — procellis. A. 248, c; H. 421, II.

87. insequitur agrees only with the nearer substantive clamor. H. 463, I.—virûm = virorum.

89. ponto, o'er the deep. See N. on mari, v. 84.

'Night on the ocean lies,

Pole thunders unto pole, and still with wild fire glare the skies,
And all things hold the face of death before the seaman's eyes.'

-M.

90. intonuere poli, the poles have thundered, i.e. "pole thunders unto pole." - ignibus. A. 245; H. 416.

91. viris. In Latin, verbs of threatening govern a dative of the person and the accusative of the thing, or it may be construed by A. 228; H. 386.

92. Aeneae. A. 235, a; H. 384, 4, N. 2. — frigore, with chilling fear. A. 248; H. 420.

93. duplices, clasped, but as Vergil speaks of duplices parentes, and Lucretius of duplices oculi, it perhaps means ambas, both, or duas, two.

94. talia voce refert, he utters words like these.-voce. A. 248; H. 420. For the pleonasm, see A. p. 298; H. 636, III.— beati, sc. erant illi.

95. quis quibus. A. 104, d; H. 187, foot-note 5. Dative with contigit. A. 227; H. 385, I.

96. oppetere, sc. mortem. For the construction, A. 270, a; H. 538, 1 (2). - gentis. A. 216, a, 2; H. 397, 3.

97. Tydide, i.e. Diomedes, with whom Aeneas had engaged in single combat, which would have resulted fatally but for the direct intervention of Venus. - mene occumbere non potuisse. A. 274; H. 539, III. — occumbere, sc. morti. - campis. A. 258, f; H. 425, II. 1.

98. hanc meam. - dextra. A. 248; H. 420.

=

99. Aeacidae, of Achilles, the grandson of Aeacus. - telo. A. 248; H. 420.—iacet, lies in death, historic present. -ingens refers to his size.