DECRY, to censure as faulty.. DEFORMITIES, gross deviations from pro- DEGENERATE, having lost something of the DEMI CULVERINS, the obsolete name of a DEMOSTHENES, the famous Athenian orator, DENSE. thick; close; compact. DEPRESSING, Sinking; dejecting; letting fall. scorn. DESERT, a deserving. DESIGNING-ROOM, the room where the outlines, or drawings, of works of art are done. DESPATCH, a letter on some affair of state or public concern, sent by a public officer; here, the despatch is a letter about the battle. DESPICABLE. Contemptible; mean. DIPLOMATIC Corps (kore), men authorized by DIRE, dreadful; terrible; dismal. DISCOURAGED, disheartened; dejected. DISMEMBERMENT, the act of dividing; the DISPEL, to banish; to disperse; to scatter. DISSOLUTION. death; destruction; a melting. DISTAFF, the staff of a spinning wheel, to DOLE, that which is given in charity; gra DESPONDING, losing courage; depressed in DOLEFUL, melancholy; dismal; afflicted. spirits. DETAILED. minutely narrated; selected. DEVICE. an emblem or symbolical represen- DEVIOUS, leading astray; roving. DIALECT, the form of a language peculiar to a province of the country where that language is spoken. DIANA See Lesson XCVII. DIARY, the record of daily events. office six months. DIFFUSED, wide spread. DIGHT, arranged: dressed; prepared. DOLOROUS, Sorrowful; dismal; painful. DOMINICAL letter, that letter which in alma- DORCAS. "This woman was full of good DORMANT, not in action; sleeping. DOUGLAS. This is one of the most ancient and illustrious names in Scotland. One of this race is known in history as "The Hardy:" another, as England's scourge and Scotland's bulwark;" a third, as The flower of chivalry;" a fourth, surnamed "The Grim." The Earls of Angus were a younger branch of the same family; of these. Archibald, called the Great Earl of Angus, is the one mentioned in Marmion. Died 1513. DRAUGHT, a quantity drank at once. DIMPLED. Covered with dimples or little DRAKE, JOSEPH RODMAN, born in New York, hollows. DINAR, an oriental coin. DINNING, making a noise. DINT, power exerted; force. 1795. a poet whose social qualities were so engaging, that of him Halleck wrote, "None knew him but to love him, None named him but to praise." DRAWBRIDGE, a bridge to be raised, let DRIVELER, a fool; an idiot; a slaverer. DUBIOUS, doubtful; not determined; uncertain; not clear. DUCAL robes, the robes worn by a duke on occasions of ceremony. DUCAT (from duke), a coin of several countries of Europe, struck in the dominions of a duke. A silver ducat is worth about a dollar; the golden ducat about two dollars. DUCTILITY, the property of solid bodies, particularly metals, which renders them capable of being extended by drawing without breaking; ready compliance. DUELLUM. a contest between two; bellum, between more than two. DUFFEL, a kind of coarse woolen cloth, having a thick nap. DULSE, a species of seaweed. DUNFERMLINE, a manufacturing town and parish of Scotland. It contains an abbey where Edward of England resided for some months in 1304, and, on leaving it, set it on fire. It was rebuilt by Bruce, and here his body was interred. DYNASTIES, governments. EARL (of Danish origin), a British title of nobility, the third in rank, being next below a marquis, and next above a viscount. The earl formerly had the government of a shire, and was called shiremon. After the conquest, earls were called counts, the name of those of similar rank in France, and from them shires have taken the name of counties. Earl is now a mere title, unconnected with territorial jurisdiction. EASTER, a festival of the Christian Church, in remembrance of Christ's resurrection. It corresponds with the Jewish feast of the Passover. ing liquors, or any fluid, when some part escapes in a gaseous form. EFFLUENCE, a flowing out. EFFUSE. to pour forth; to shed. EGMONT'S Flemish spears. Philip, count of Egmont, a Flemish nobleman, killed at the battle of Ivry, 1590. The Flemish troops were armed with lances. EGRESS, the act of going or issuing out. EJECTED, thrown from; discharged; thrust out. ELABORATE, to perfect. ELABORATELY, with nice regard to exactness, ELATE, elevated in mind or spirits, from success; proud. ELEGIAC, expressing sorrow or lamentation. ELEGY, a funeral poem; a plaintive song. ELEMENTS, the constituent parts or ingredi ents. ELEMENT, the substance which forms the natural habitation of an animal. ELEVATED, filled with pride and joy from success. ELLIOT, EBENEZER, known in England as the "Corn Law Rhymer." Born near Sheffield, in 1781. ELLIPTIC, having an oval form like an ellipse. ELONGATE, to lengthen; to extend. EL ZAHARA, Great Desert of Sabara. EMANCIPATION, setting free from bondage. EMBALM, to fill a dead body with sweetsmelling and dry spices, and drugs, to prevent putrefaction. EMBASSY, a public message or commission; the person or persons by whom the mes sage or public business is performed. EMBATTLED, standing regular and straight like the arms of troops in battle. EMBLEMATIC, representing by similar quali ties. EMENDATION, Correction of an error or fault. EMERALD. a precious stone of a green color; green. like an emerald. EMERGENCY, a pressing necessity. EMINENCE. high rank; celebrity. EMPEDOCLES, a Greek philosopher; skilled also in poetry and medicine. Born about 450 B. C. He was a man of consequence among the Greeks of his day. EMPHATICALLY, with force or earnestness. EMPYREAN, the heavens. EMULATION. effort to surpass rivalry. ENAMORED, charmed; delighted. ENCHANTING, ravishing with delight; charming. ENCOMIUM, praise; commendation. ENCROACH, to trespass upon; to infringe. ENCRUSTATION, a cover or layer on the surface of any body. ECONOMIZING. Using in such a way as to save ENDEARMENT, that which excites tender as much as possible. ECONOMY the laws and manner of life. ECSTASY, excessive joy; rapture. Ecstasy originally meant madness, it now means delight, but in neither case has it departed from its fundamental meaning; viz., to set men out of and beside themselves." EDDYING, moving circularly. EDEN, Paradise; in the original, pleasure, de light. EDUCING. drawing forth; producing. EFFERVESCE, to bubble and hiss as ferment affection. ENDOWED, furnished with a permanent fund of property. ENDUED, gifted or invested; clothed. ENERVATED, weakened; enfeebled. ENGENDER, to produce; to cause to exist. ENGINEER, a person skilled in mechanics and mathematics; in military affairs, one who forms plans of works for offense or de! fense, and constructs fortifications. ENSIGN, a mark of distinction, rank, or office; a badge. ENTHUSIAST, one whose mind is highly ex. For EPICURUS, founder of the school of philosophy called the Epicurean, 306 B. C. 36 years he taught in Athens, in a garden in which he and his disciples lived in a most frugal manner. Some of his followers, with the Stoics, encountered Paul at Athens, who attacked their belief, and set forth his own, in his speech on Mars Hill. EPISODE, a digression, or incidental story, for the sake of variety. EPITOME, an abridgment; a brief summary. EPOCH, a period when anything is remarkably great or prevalent; any fixed time or period. EQUINOCTIAL regions, the regions near the equator, where the days and nights are equal, or nearly equal, all the time. EQUINOCTIAL days. When the sun crosses the equator, viz., about the 21st of March and the 22d of September, it makes equal days and nights in all parts of the globe; these are the equinoctial days. EQUIPAGE, furniture of a military man; carriage. ERA, a succession of years proceeding from a fixed point. ERASMUS. a man of great learning, born at Rotterdam, in 1647. He published the New Testament, with a Latin translation. Died 1536. ERUDITION, learning. ESSAY, an attempt; an effort. EULOGIES, praises; studied praises of persons. EULOGIUM, a formal eulogy. EUPHONY, a sweet sound; pronunciation agreeable to the ear. EURIPIDES, a Grecian tragic poet, born in the island of Salamis. B. c. 480. EVANESCENCE, a gradual, or slow vanishing EVANESCENT, fleeting; subject to slow vanishing. EVERETT, ALEXANDER H. In 1807, he commenced the study of law in the office of John Q. Adams, and soon after began his career as a writer. He accompanied Mr. Adams to Russia, in 1809, as attaché to the legation; was afterward appointed secretary of legation to the minister to the Netherlands. In 1825, he was appointed minister to Spain: in 1829, returned to the United States, and became editor of the "North American Review," to which he had long been a contributor. In 1845, President Polk appointed him commissioner to China. He died at Canton, in 1847. EXAGGERATION, a representation of a thing EXCOGITATION, invention; contrivance. EXECUTION, performance; capital punishment; something done. EXECUTIVE magistrate, a person who carries the laws into effect, or superintends the enforcement of them. EXEMPLARY, serving for a model for imitation. EXEMPLIFICATION, a showing or illustrating by example. EXEMPT. free; clear. EXHALATION, a going forth into an ethereal vapory state. EXHALE, to emit or send out. EXIGENCY, urgent need or want; pressing necessity. EXORDIUM, the introductory part of a discourse or speech. EXOTIC, a plant introduced from a foreign country. EXPANSE, outstretched space; extent. EXPATIATE, to enlarge upon a speech or writing. EXPOSTULATE, to reason earnestly with; to entreat. EXPRESS, true or exact; to represent; to write or engrave. EXPUNGING, leaving out; erasing. EXTERIORLY, outwardly. EXTERMINATION, the act of totally destroying. ESSENCE. that which constitutes the particu- EXTIRPATE, to root out; to destroy wholly. lar nature of anything. ESSENTIAL, necessary; important. ETHER, a thin subtile fluid, much finer than air, which some philosophers suppose fills the heavenly space beyond the limits of air. EXTOL, to praise; to magnify. FACTION, a party in political affairs. in the meadows, and play a variety of | FORD, JOHN, an old English dramatist. Born pranks. FALCHION, a sword. FALLACIOUS, deceptive; false. FALLS, that part of a tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting. FANATICISM, wild mistaken zeal in any cause. FANCY, the faculty by which the mind forms images or representations of things at pleasure. FANE, a temple. FANTASTIC, odd; whimsical. FASTIDIOUS, difficult to please; over nice. Fathers of Rome, the title given to the Senators of Rome. FAUNA, a goddess of the Latins; the earth personified. The numerous animals belonging to a country constitute its fauna. | FAWN, to cringe and bow to gain favor; a young deer. FEDERAL, derived from an agreement be- FELON, fierce; a traitor. FEMININE (L. femininus, from femina, woman), pertaining to females; soft, tender, delicate. FERGUSON, JAMES, a self-taught astronomer, philosopher, and mechanician, native of Scotland. Died 1816. Ferryman. which poets, &c. Charon. See Lesson CXXV. Fetterlock and shacklebolt, terms used in heraldry, that art or science, which explains the armorial bearings of knights. FESTOONS, wreaths. Feu de joie (fü de zhwal, fire of joy), a French phrase for a bonfire, or a firing of guns in token of joy. FEUD, a contention or quarrel. FILM. a thin skin. FINESSE (fe-ness), an artifice. FITFUL, changing; irresolute. FLAIL, a wooden instrument for thrashing, or beating grain from the ear by the hand. FLAMBEAU (flam'-bō), a torch. FLAUNTING, making an ostentatious display. FLEET. a number of ships in company. FLEMISH, from Flanders, or the low countries. FLITTED, passed rapidly from one place to an other. FLUKE, a branch of a whale's tail. FLUMPING, flowing against. Focus, central point; point where any num- FORD, a place in a river where it may be waded by man or beast. in 1586. FORE-SCUTTLE, a small opening in the deck, near the bows, large enough to admit a man, with a lid for covering it. FORE-SAIL, a sail extended on the fore-yard, which is supported by the foremast. Fork of the river, where two branches unite into one. Forlorn hope, literally a desperate case. In military affairs, those who undertake any service attended with uncommon peril. FORMIDABLE, adapted to excite fear and apprehension. For our dear Lady's sake, the Virgin Mary is here alluded to. FORSOOTH (for, and soth, true), in truth; in fact. FORTE, peculiar art or talent. FORTITUDE, the state of mind which enables a person to endure danger or adversity with coolness and without despondency. FORUM, in Rome, a public place where causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people. FOSSIL (L. fossilis, dug out of the earth). The term fossil is now applied to those organic substances which have become penetrated by earthy or metallic particles, and are found in the rocks or the earth. FOSTER, JOHN, author of Foster's Essays." He belonged to the Baptist persuasion. Died 1839. FOUNDERED, filled with water and sunk. Four in hand, driving four horses at once. Fox, CHARLES JAMES, an eminent British statesman and rival of Pitt. He became a member of parliament before he was of age, and was connected with Lord North's ministry till 1773. He then joined the opposition, and took an active part in favor of the colonies during the American revolution. He died in 1806. FRAGILITY, liability to fall; weakness. FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN. By his own efforts, unaided, he rose to eminence. He was by trade a printer. During the war between this country and Great Britain he solicited and obtained aid for us from the French government, and, as minister to England, signed the treaty of peace by which we were acknowledged independent. His contributions to science were very valuable. He died 1790. FRAUGHT, full of, or possessed of; laden. FREDERICK II., King of Prussia, commonly called the Great; born 1712; began to reign 1740. During the seven years' war he contended against the united forces of Sweden, Austria. France, Russia, and Saxony, and the majority of the other German States. After the partition of Poland in 1772. his life was passed chiefly in peaceful employments. During his struggles against France and Austria, the English and Americans looked upon him as the champion of Protestantism; a title he by no means deserved, since he was a skeptic in religious matters. He was an author of several works of merit. Died 1786, aged 75. FREEDMAN, a slave who has been made free. FRENCH REVOLUTION. It occurred in 1793, FRIVOLOUS, trifling; of little worth. GABLE, the triangular end of a building from the cornice or eaves to the top. GAELIC (from Gael, Gaul, Gallia), the language of the Highlanders of Scotland. GALLS, tribes of Celtic origin inhabiting the Highlands of Scotland. GAIN (cuts a gain), a foothold. GALAXY, an assemblage of splendid things. GALILEO, GALILEI, an illustrious astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher, born at Pisa in 1564. "His most remarkable discoveries were Jupiter's satellites, Saturn's ring. the spots on the sun, and the starry nature of the milky way." He died in 1642, the year in which Newton was born. GALLEY, a small vessel impelled by oars or sweeps. GALLIC, pertaining to Gaul; the ancient name of France. GALLIED, frightened. GALVANI LUIGI, a native of Bologna, disco- Gaul's hero, Charlemagne, or Charles the GENEALOGY, history of the descent of a family or person from an ancestor. GENERALISSIMO, the chief commander of a military force. GENIAL, cherishing; sympathizing; natural. GENI, imaginary beings, both good and bad. GEOLOGY, that science which treats of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe, and the causes of its physical features. GEORGE III., King of England. During his reign England lost the American colonies, gained India, was engaged in a war with the continent arising from the French revolution, and accumulated a great national debt. He died in 1820, after suffering from mental derangement for nine years. Georgics, of Virgil, a poetical composition of Virgil, on the subject of husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands. GERM. a first principle; a seed. GERMINATION, the sprouting; the beginning of vegetation in a scod or plant. GHOUL (gool), an imaginary evil being among Eastern nations which preyed on human bolies. GIBBON, EDWARD, the celebrated historian, author of The Deline and Fall of the Roman Empire." Died in 1794. GILES. REV. HENRY, a popular American writer and lecturer. GIRDLED, surrounded; encompassed. GIRONDIST (zherondists), a political party in France during the French revolution. They were called in France Girondins, from La Gironde, a departinent of France which sent to the Assembly of 1791 three of the chief leaders of the party. Give bonds, to give an obligation or security. GLACIER (gla-seer), a field or immense mass of ice formed on the sides of the Alps and other mountains, or in deep, elevated, valleys. GLADIATOR (L. gladius, a sword). Gladiators were those who fought to death at the plays for the amusement of the people of Rome. The gladiators were chiefly slaves or captives, though citizens sometimes volunteered. GLARE, a bright dazzling light. GLOAT, to gaze earnestly or with eagerness. GLOZING, wheedling; flattering. GNARLED, knotty: full of knots. GOAL. the end; the mark; the final purpose. Golden lilies. The fleur de lis or lily is the royal insignia of France. GOLDSMITH, OLIVER, born in Ireland, 1728. He was distinguished both as a poet and prose writer. From his writings he derived a large income, yet he was always in debt. He died at the height of his prosperity, aged 45. GOODRICH, REV. CHAUNCEY A., Professor of Pastoral Theology in Yale College, formerly Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory. GORGE, the trough or hollow between the waves; a long deep hollow in mountains. GORGED, over filled: glutted. GOSSAMER, a thing light and trifling; like the gossamer species of cobweb which floats in the air. GOTHIC, denoting a style of architecture with high and sharply pointed arches, clustered columns, &c. GOWER, an English poet of the fourteenth century. GRACCHUS, TIBERIUS, or CAIUS, sons of Tiberius and Cornelia, known in history as the Gracchi. GRADATION, a step; order. GRANITE, a gray speckled rock, composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. GRAPNEL-IRON, a hook or iron instrument by which to lay hold of or fasten to something. GRATEFUL. agreeable; gratifying. GRATTAN. HENRY, an eloquent Irish statesman and lawyer born in Dublin. Died 1820. GRAY, STEPHEN, an experimental philosopher who led the way to many discoveries in electricity. GRAY, THOMAS, born in London, 1716. He was a man of extensive acquirements. His published writings are chiefly poems. Died 1771. GREY, LADY JANE. Edward VI., of England, |