the English should either restore the Phoenix to the Dutch, or depart the roadstead. To proceed to sea involved consequences fraught with danger to the British squadron, for Van Galen possessed an infinitely superior force,+ and would be in time to follow Appleton, at the expiration of the time usually allowed to depart by the neutral party. Yet, at all hazards, the alternative of putting to sea was chosen, rather than to deliver up the Phoenix to the Dutch.

No sooner was this resolution formed, than advice was despatched to commodore Bodley, who lay at Porto-Longone, in the Isle of Elba, with two vessels of war and a fire-ship, which took part in the former engagement with Van Galen. It was agreed between the two commodores that, in order to produce a diversion in favour of Appleton, so as to permit him to proceed to sea, Bodley with his small squadron, (though unfit for action, partly from the severe loss of men he had sustained in the late fight, and partly on account of the rich merchant-ships under convoy,) should appear at the fixed time within sight of Leghorn. This stratagem was carried into execution. On the 2d of March, 1653, Bodley was descried from Leghorn roads. On the following day he approached the anchor• The grand duke, through his minister in Eng

land, complained loudly of this violation of neutra

lity, and insisted upon proper satisfaction. The parliament were so highly offended with the mis

conduct of commodore Appleton, that they referred the whole matter to the council of state, who sent immediate orders to Appleton to return home by land. A communication was also transmitted to the grand duke, "testifying great concern for the accident, and an assurance, that such a course should be taken with the commodore as should sufficiently manifest to all the world, they (the parliament) could no less brook the violation of

his right, than the infringement of their own authority, which had been trampled upon in this instance,

contrary to those repeated commands to their chief

officers and captains arriving in his ports, which were to carry themselves with the most respectful observance possible. And in regard to the ship Phoenix, they promise, after hearing Appleton, and

farther conference with his resident, to pronounce such a sentence as shall be agreeable to justice and equity." (Whitlock, Heath's Chron. &c. &c.) But

mark what followed in less than two years, the same authorities inform us, that Blake upon being

despatched with a force to the Mediterranean, "was first to proceed to Leghorn, where he had two accounts to make up with the grand duke; the first

was, for his subjects purchasing the prizes made by Prince Rupert; the other, for the damage done by Van Galen, when Appleton was forced out of Leghorn roads. These demands, as well they might, surprised the prince upon whom they were made; especially when he understood how large a sum was expected from him, not less in the whole than one hundred and fifty thousand pounds, which, however, was moderated to sixty thousand pounds; and this sum, there is reason to believe, was actually paid." (Heath's Chron.; Whitlock; Ludlow, &c.)

Sixteen vessels of war, and some fire-ships.

age. The Dutch, as it was expected, put to sea with their whole squadron in pursuit of Bodley. This movement gave Appleton the opportunity to weigh and depart the roads; but the Dutch, who were aware of the design, desisting in the pursuit of their former antagonist, and "putting about," fell upon Appleton's squadron with nine of their largest ships. At the first encounter, the Bonaventure unfortunately took fire, and exploded early in the action; but shortly before the blowup, a shot from that ship broke Van Galen's leg, of which wound he soon after died. In the mean time, Appleton was attacked by two of the Hollanders at once, against whom he maintained a close fight for upwards of four hours, with such undaunted resolution, as to silence the fire of both his opponents. Van Galen observing the unshaken spirit of the English commander, desperately wounded as he was, directed his ship to bear down to the assistance of his friends; but a fireship despatched from Bodley's squadron compelled him to desist from his purpose; so that he was deprived of the glory of deciding the fortune of the day: but another ship coming to the assistance of the Hollanders who were engaged with Appleton, the attack was renewed with increased vigour. Some Dutch writers relate, that the English commodore, finding himself oppressed by such unequal numbers, like the brave Sir Richard Grenville, in the reign of queen Elizabeth, attempted to blow up his ship; but in this desperate design, like the former hero, he was opposed by his of ficers and crew, so that he was compelled to yield. Young Van Tromp attacked the Samson, but was beaten off after an obstinate contest, though subsequently she was destroyed by a fire-ship. The Levant Merchant also not only beat off a ship that encountered her, but also stranded her; after which she was herself taken. The only remaining English ship of the six that sailed from Leghorn roads was the Mary, who made her escape and joined Bodley's squadron. Of the termination of Appleton's career, nothing

remains on record.

Di Porcia of Friuli,) a portrait painter, APPOLODORO, (Francesco, called of much celebrity, of the Venetian school, who was living in 1606. He also painted history; and he was fond of introducing portraits into his compositions, as may be observed in his Miracles of San Domenico, placed in the church belonging to his order in Venice, drawn upon a large scale; as also in his other very

an extract from the Texvn 'Pηropin, as signed to Apsines the second; whose father (says Suidas) was Pan, as the story went, and himself the pupil of Heraclides the Lycian, who taught at Smyrna, and of Basilicus in Nicomedia; from whence Apsines went to Athens in the time of the emperor Maximinus. The third Apsines was a sophist of Athens, and the father of Onesimus, who probably settled at Sparta, and was hence called a Spartiote, or a Lacedæmonian, according to Eunapius, and who flourished in the time of Constantine. Of the first and third there are no remains, but the second has left two treatises, Περι Προοιμιον, and Περι Εσχηματισμένων Προβληματων, first published in the first volume of the Rhetores Græci by Aldus, Ven. fol. and more recently by Walz, in the ninth volume of his Rhetores Græci, Stutgard, 1836, where, however, the latter part of the Τεχνη ‘Ρητορικη is assigned to Longinus on the authority of Ruhnken; who was the first to remark, in vol. xxiv. p. 273, of the Bibliothèque des Sciences et Beaux Arts, La Haye, 1768, that Joannes Siceliota has quoted from a lost work of Longinus, Iept Eupeσews, a long passage found in that very treatise. Finckh, however, whose Epistola Critica is given by Walz, abjudicates a portion of what is there attributed to Longinus, on the ground of its dissimilarity to the style of the author On the Sublime. Be this as it may, the treatise is of no little interest to scholars, as it enabled Tyrwhitt to show that Pseud- Apsines had read in the Baccha of Euripides, a scene at present wanting there; but which G. Burges has, in the Gentleman's Magazine for Sept. 1832, attempted to supply by the aid of the drama, called Xpioтos Haσxwv, where two-thirds of that play have been introduced with more or less alterations.

APSLEY, (Sir Allen,) the seventh and youngest son of Apsley, of Pulborough, in the county of Sussex, a gentleman at that time of seven or eight hundred pounds a year, was born in or about the year 1568. His father died while he was a youth at school, leaving him an annuity which he quickly sold, and deserting his studies, entered at once into active life, and became one of the most enterprising and successful persons of his time. By means of a relation at court, he got a place in the household of queen Elizabeth, where he appears to have lived like many of the young gallants of the time, yet winning the affection of the persons around him. Disliking, however,

this idle life, he determined to join the earl of Essex in the expedition to Cadiz, and for this purpose obtained an employment under the victualler of the navy. In this expedition he behaved with so much courage and prudence, that on his return he was sent into Ireland, where he had a very noble and profitable employment. In that country he married a rich widow; and growing in estate and honour, was knighted by king James I. soon after his accession to the throne. Having lost his first wife, he married a daughter of Sir Peter Carew, a niece of Sir George Carew, afterwards earl of Totness. This lady lived not long; and dying during his absence in Ireland in his employment there, he determined to obtain his discharge from it, and at the same time some public employment in England. The place which he obtained was that of victualler of the navy, a place both of credit and great revenue. At this period of his life he connected himself with the house of Saint John, by marrying Lucy, the beautiful daughter of Sir John Saint John, of Lidiard Tregoz, in the county of Wilts, she being but sixteen, and Sir Allen forty-eight. They lived for a year or two in a house in East Smithfield, which belonged to Sir Allen's office in the navy; after which they removed to the Tower of London, Sir Allen being appointed to the lieutenancy of the Tower, on the disgrace and death of Sir Jervase Elways, an honourable appointment, which he held for the remainder of his life. He died in May, 1630,

Such are the leading events of his life, as they are related by the pen of his accomplished daughter, Lucy Apsley, better known as Mrs. Lucy Hutchinson, having married Colonel John Hutchinson, of Owthorpe, in the county of Nottingham. She wrote at large an account of the life of her husband; and she left also a fragment of the history of her own life, in which is an account of her father's life also. Both were printed from her own manuscript, near the beginning of the present century.

Mrs. Hutchinson further says of her father, that he was greatly lamented by all, having shown himself through life a man of singular excellency, and been especially remarkable for his liberality and graciousness. He had a singular kindness for all who were eminent in learning or in arms. He was a father to his prisoners, one of whom was Sir Walter Raleigh, whose investigations in natural philosophy, in which he employed him

self while in the Tower, were facilitated through his indulgence, and the supplies of money for the purpose which Lady Apsley made to him. Add to all this, that he was eminently loyal and pious.

APSLEY, (Sir Allen,) the younger, a commander in the civil wars on the side of the king, and an author, was a son of the Sir Allen Apsley, the subject of the preceding article, by Lucy Saint John, his third wife, and brother to Mrs. Lucy Hutchinson. He was born at the house in East Smithfield, in or about the year 1619, and was, as Wood supposes, for some time of Trinity college, Oxford. This has entitled him to a place in Wood's Account of the Eminent Men educated in that University. The civil war commenced just when he was arrived at the full period of manhood, and he became a commander on the side of the king. His employment seems to have been chiefly in the west, where he was governor of Exeter, and afterwards governor of Barnstaple. This place he surrendered on the ruin of the royal cause, and lived a retired life till the return of the king. Political differences even in those violent times had not interfered with private regards, and he maintained a strict friendship with his sister and her husband, Colonel Hutchinson, who were zealous parliamentarians, which was manifested in acts of kindness to him during the ascendency of Colonel Hutchinson's party, and in zealous efforts of Sir Allen Apsley to keep the name of his brother-in-law out of the exception clauses of the Act of Indemnity, which were finally, as to the most material point, the life of Colonel Hutchinson, successful. The circumstances are related at large in Mrs. Hutchinson's Life of her Husband.

After the Restoration, he had an appointment in the duke of York's regiment, and an office in his household. He also sat in parliament for Thetford. He is the author of a poem, published in 1679, entitled, Order and Disorder; or, the World made and undone: being Meditations upon the Creation and the Fall, as it is recorded in the beginning of Genesis. He died in St. James's-square, Oct. 15, 1683.

In this branch of the family of Apsley had centered the estate of Pulborough, in Sussex, by gift of the owner, the son of the elder brother of the first Sir Allen. The second Sir Allen married Frances, daughter and heir of John Petre, Esq., and had two children, Sir Peter Apsley and Frances, who married Sir

Benjamin Bathurst. The issue of this marriage was Allen Bathurst, who was created Lord Bathurst in 1711, and who married his cousin-german, Catherine, the daughter and heir of Sir Peter Apsley. The son of the first Lord Bathurst being created a peer in the life-time of his father, chose the title of Baron Apsley, which has continued to be used as the second title of that noble family.

APSYRTUS, (Ayupros,) an author frequently quoted in the Veterinariæ Medicinæ Libri Duo. Græcè, Basil, 1537, 4to. He was born, according to Suidas, either at Prusa, or Nicomedia, in Bithynia, towards the end of the third century after Christ, and served as a soldier under the emperor Constantine on the banks of the Danube, as he informs us himself. (Hippiatr. lib. i. cap. 1.) He appears to have been well acquainted with the formidable disease called the glanders, and to have understood its nature.

APTHORP, (East,) an English divine, born 1732, died 1816, was prebend of Finsbury in St. Paul's cathedral. He was a native of New England, and a member of the university of Cambridge. He published several Sermons and Let ters on the prevalence of Christianity before its civil establishment, with observations on Gibbon's History. London, 1778. (Watts, Bibliotheca Britannica.)

He

APULEIUS, (Lucius,) but his prenomen is doubtful. (See Elmenhorst. Not. ad Vit. Apul. tom. iii. p. 503, ed. Oudendorp.) Also the orthography Apuleius and Appuleius is not clearly ascertained. The older inscriptions give Appu-, the more recent Apu-leius. (See Crenius, Animadvers. Philol. p. xi. init. Oudendorp; and Osann ad Apulei, de Orthograph. p. 14, ff. 1828, Schulzeit.) was born probably towards the end of Adrian's reign, at Madaura, a city, and afterwards a Roman colony on the borders of the province of Africa, whence (Apologia, p. 28, Bipont ed.) he calls himself "Seminumida Semigætulus." His father Theseus was duumvir of that city; his mother Salvia, through the philosopher Sextus of Charonea, was related to the biographer Plutarch, and his patrimony considerable (H. S. vices -16,1457.). The education of Apuleius began at Carthage; at Athens he studied and professed with distinction the Platonic philosophy; and, later in life, he acquired at Rome, without an instructor and with infinite pains, ærumnabili labore, the Latin language. The fortune he inherited was consumed in

frequent journeys, especially in Greece, to the different schools and teachers of philosophy, and by repeated initiations into the mysteries of the pagan religion; until, at last, for entrance into the Isiac worship at Rome, he was obliged to part with his garments in order to raise the necessary sum. (Metamorph. p. 277, Bipont.) The necessities of Apuleius diverted him from philosophy to the bar; and after acquiring the language, he practised as a pleader at Rome, and subsequently in his own country, with such success that several cities decreed statues to him, and Ea (Tripolis) the more substantial privilege of the freedom of the city. His professional income was increased by marriage with a rich widow, Emilia Pudentilla, by her former husband Sicinius Amicus the mother of two sons, Pontianus and Sicinius Pudens. She was considerably older than Apuleius, but in all other respects a good match for a philosopher. Her late husband's family, however, resented the transfer of her estates to a stranger, and they accused Apuleius of gaining her affections by magical arts, and of causing, by similar practices, the death of Pontianus, her eldest son; and they raised the common cry of atheism against him as a philosopher and a mystic. Sicinius Emilianus, brother of Sicinius Amicus, conducted the prosecution; it was pleaded before Claudius Maximus, proconsul of Africa, and the defence of Apuleius is his Apologia; or, as it is more properly entitled, De Magia Oratio. He triumphantly answers every point of the prosecutor's speech, and shows the accusations to be trivial, inconsistent, and false, unsupported by facts, and unsound in law. He was acquitted, and seems to have passed the remainder of his life in the enjoyment of competence and philosophic leisure. The time of his death is not ascertained. From Metamorph. pp. 20-25, and Apol. p. 6, it appears that the person and countenance of Apuleius were remarkably symmetrical and handsome, and his accusers reproached him with too much anxiety about his dress and the arrangement of his hair. He defends himself with the examples of Pythagoras, of Zeno, and of Plato, who regarded a comely exterior as the symbol of a pure and ingenuous spirit. His learning embraced the whole circle of the sciences of that age; and we may infer that some of his acquirements were therefore rather specious than solid, more valuable as furnishing him with the ornaments of

rhetoric than productive of truths for philosophy. "He had not only tasted of the cup of literature under the grammarians and rhetoricians of Carthage, but at Athens drank freely of the mingled draughts of poetry, the clear stream of geometry, the sweet waters of music, the rough current of dialectics, and the nectareous and inexhaustible depths of universal philosophy. "Empedocles composed poems, Plato dialogues, Epicharmus songs, Xenophon histories, Xenocrates satyric pieces, Apuleius all of these." The last two sentences are from his Florida, p. 148, and may give some notion of the quaint, redundant, and exotic manner of the African Platonist. Yet the works of Apuleius are more valuable than the records of his life, and equally with those of his contemporary Lucian of Samosata, reflect the singular moral and intellectual state of the era of the Antonines. His best known production is the Metamorphosis, more usually entitled the "Golden Ass," a name that rests, however, on no good authority, and is not warranted by any thing in the story. In the edition of Aldus Manutius, October 1521, it is merely" Lucii Apuleii Madaurensis Metamorphosis sive Lusus Asini." The sources both of the "Lucius" of Lucian, and the Metamorphosis, are to be sought rather in that class of stories which the ancients called Milesian, Bißia Twv Aptoreidov Miλnoiakov, (Plutarch. Crass. 32, cf. Ovid. 2 Trist. v. 443,) than in the apocryphal μεταμορφωσεων λογοι οι Lucius of Patræ (see Vossius de Histor. Græcis, pp. 517, 518; Schöll. Geschicht. der Griech. lit. ii. p.509); and the Milesian stories probably ascend into the remote antiquity of Eastern apologue. Neither is the beautiful episode of Cupid and Psyche original. Fulgentius (Mythologicôn, lib. iii.) ascribes it to Aristophantes, an Athenian (see Mem. de l'Acad. des Inscript. xxxiv. p. 48). The Oratio de Magia has already been mentioned. It is the work of an artist in a degenerate age; less tumid, obscure, and metaphorical in diction than the other writings of Apuleius, it is chiefly valuable as a lively and exact picture of the opinions and manners of the times. The Florida is either a collection of prefaces and common places for rhetorical exercises and declamation, or an anthology by one of the scholars of Apuleius from his more celebrated speeches. The philosophical works of Apuleius abound in the neoplatonistic doctrines which, towards the end of the