patible with the courage evinced by the commodore in the previous engagement with the enemy. Besides, Badily sent a fire-ship down to the rescue of Appleton; and therefore it is only fair to presume that the former, from his reduced state, was not in condition to take part in the second encounter. Of Badily's death nothing is accurately known.

BADINO, (Luigo Dunato, 16751749,) a native of Mondovi. He was educated under the Jesuits, and having taken priest's orders, he was made rector of the seminary in his native place; and when Victor Amadeus II. opened the royal schools there in 1727, he was made professor of rhetoric, which post he retained until his death. He published many poems, chiefly on ecclesiastical subjects. A list is given in Tipaldo, iv.

277.

BADIS, (Abou-Menad,) the third prince of the dynasty of the Zeirides, (a family which reigned over the greater part of northern Africa, Sicily, and Sardinia, after the Fatimites had removed their residence into Egypt,) succeeded his father, Mansar, A.D. 996, A.H. 386. He visited his insular dominions shortly after his accession, and the remainder of his reign was spent in obscure wars against the Arab and Moorish tribes, who acknowledged only an imperfect subjection to a supreme ruler. He had, on mounting the throne, invested his uncle, Hammad, with the viceroyalty of the western part of the kingdom, comprehending the modern provinces of Algiers and Constantina; but, in 1014, Hammad threw off his allegiance, and commenced a dynasty which, under the title of BeniHammad, governed those regions for a century and a half, till the rise of the power of the Almohades. Badis marched against his uncle on the news of this defection, routed him in the field, and invested him in a castle where he had taken refuge; but he died in his camp while pressing the siege, A.D. 1016, a.н. 406, and his son and successor, AbuTenim Moezz, returned to his capital of Mahadia on the death of his father, without completing the reduction of the place.

BADIS was also the name of the seventh prince of the above-mentioned dynasty of the Beni-Hammad. He suc ceeded his father, Mansour, A. D. 1104, A.H. 498, and was followed, after a reign of only a few months, by his brother Aziz. (De Guignes. Abulfeda.)

BADIUS, (Jodocus, or Josse,) a cele

brated printer, was born in 1462, at a village named Asche, or Assen, near Brussels, from which he took the appellation of Ascensius. He studied Greek and Latin in Flanders and Italy, was tutor of Roman and Greek literature at Lyons, and corrector of the press to Johann Trechsel, whose daughter he married. He afterwards established a press in Paris, (the Prælum Ascensianum,) from which issued many of the most important classics, as well as some modern works. His three daughters were married to the three printers Vas cosan, Stephanus, and Jean de Roigny, the latter of whom continued the press after the death of his father-in-law. Badius wrote a Latin paraphrase of Sebastian Brandt's Ship of Fools, with annotations, under the title-Navis Stultifera a Domino Sebastiano Brant primum edificata et lepidissimis Teutonica Linguæ Rithmis decorata, deinde ab Jacobo Lochero Philomuso Latinitate donata, et demum ab Jodoco Badio Ascensio vario Carminum Genere non sine eorundem familiari Explanatione illustrata. He also imitated Brant, in a work, entitled, Naviculæ Stultarum Fœminarum, Par. 1500. He printed also Navis Stultiferæ Collectanea; some Epigrams; and a Life of Thomas à Kempis.

BADIUS, (Conrad,) the son of the former, surpassed his father in learning, and in the beauty of his editions; the first of which that are known, are dated 1546. Three years after this time, he left Paris for Geneva, fearing the persecutions to which he might be exposed by his conversion to the reformed religion. Here he associated himself with the celebrated Jean Crespin, and afterwards with his brother-in-law Stephanus, who had also left Paris for Geneva. These two printed several works, valuable not only for their beauty and correctness, but for the prefaces which Badius himself wrote. translated from Latin into French the famous Alcoran of the Cordeliers, y Erasmus Allen, Geneva, 1556: and wrote-Les Vertus de Notre Maître Nostradamus, en Rime, 8vo, Geneva, 1568. He died in 1568; some accounts say in 1562. He lived in friendly correspondence with both Calvin and Beza.

He

BADLAM, (Stephen,) an American officer, was born at Canton, Massachusetts, and entered the army in 1775. In the next year he took possession on the 4th of July of the mount, called from thence the Mount of Independence. He distinguished himself in the action under

Colonel Willett, in August 1777. He lived for some time at Dorchester, (U.S.) where he acted as a magistrate and deacon of the church. At the time of his death, he was brigadier-general of militia.

BADOARO, (Bonaventura, cardinal.) Biographers do not agree on the place of his birth, or about his name; by some he is called de' Peragini; by others, da Peraga, though there seems no doubt that his family name was Badoaro. He was born in 1332; and having entered the order of St. Agostin, at Padova, was sent to be educated in Paris, where he took his degree in divinity, and continued to teach it for ten years afterwards. On his return to Italy, it seems that he held the same chair at Padova with great reputation. Badoaro spoke the funeral sermon at the obsequies of his friend Petrarch, in 1374. In the following year, he was sent by pope Gregory XI. as legate to the king of Hungary, to induce him to undertake the holy war. In 1377 he was elected general of his order (that of St. Augustine), and attached himself to the party of Urban VI. against Clement VII.; for which reason, in the following year, he received from the grateful pontiff the cardinal's hat, and was sent as legate or ambassador to Vladislaus, king of Poland. During this embassy, he not only confirmed the marriage of that king with queen Hedwige, which seems to have been the chief object of his mission, as it is related by Andrea Cattaro, a contemporary writer, but succeeded in spreading the catholic religion through Russia, Lithuania, and Poland, by confirming the new converts to Christianity, and baptizing those which had not yet embraced the gospel. As to the time and mode of his death, there is a great difference of opinion amongst biographers. The greatest number affirm, that he was killed by an arrow on his way to the Vatican, whilst crossing the bridge of the castle of S. Angelo, by the hand of an assassin, engaged by the elder Francesco da Carrara, lord of Padova, whom he had opposed in his design against the immunity of the church; and that this happened in the year 1388. Others pretend that this murder took place by the order of Marsiglio da Carrara, not at Rome, but at Padova, where Badoaro was sent reipublicæ tuendæ causâ; and the inscription placed on his tomb fixes the year 1379 as the epoch of his death. Amongst such variety of opinions, the judicious

In

Tiraboschi is of opinion that a simple alteration of the word his into bis in the inscription, must remove any doubt about the year of his death, as it will then fix it in 1388,* as there is not the least doubt of his being alive in 1381, having in that year subscribed the grant which pope Urban VI. made of the kingdom of Sicily to Charles of Durazzo. the same manner, that indefatigable critic shows that the writers who make Badoaro to have been killed at Padova, mistake him for Albertino da Peraga, who certainly was beheaded in that city as a traitor, by the order of Francesco, who was too much occupied in perpetual wars to think of ecclesiastical privileges; nor was Urban a man to be silent and remain quiet if a cardinal, his partisan, should have been murdered by the hand of an assassin, hired by him.

BADOARO, (Lauro,) a Venetian nobleman and poet, was born in the year 1546. He entered the congregation of the Cruciferi, so called from a cross of red cloth, which is sowed on their mantle, and on their gown, and whose duty is to assist the Christians on their deathbed. He distinguished himself by preaching, obtained the highest offices amongst his brethren, and was appointed to the bishopric of Alba, of which, however, he never took possession. He died at the age of forty-seven, and was buried in the church of Santa Maria, of which he was the prior. By him we have1. An Ode to Pope Sixtus V. on his having approved the establishment of his order, which was printed at Rome in 1589. 2. Rime Spirituali, Bologna, without date. 3. I Sette Salmi Penitenziali ridotti in Rime Italiane, Mantova, 1591 and 1594, 4to, in which he assumes the title of the "Agitato."

BADOARO, (Daniele,) a Venetian senator, who died in 1584. Of him nothing remarkable is mentioned, either as a statesman or author, for the five treatises on Civil Law, which Chalmers, on the authority of the Historical Dictionary, ascribes to him, belong to his son, Pietro Badoaro.

BADOARO, (Pietro,) a natural son of Daniele, one of the most famed Venetian advocates, lived during the greatest part of the sixteenth century, and died in 1591. The little which is known of this great and good man, is collected from a The passage of the inscription alluded to is this:

-"inde

Anni milleni decies septemque trienni Additis his novem Christi, requievit in urbe."

funeral sermon, which Agostino Michele, his pupil, published in Venice, at the time of his death. On account of his birth, he could not be enrolled amongst the noblemen of his country, although he distinguished himself by his eloquence and learning. A year before his death, he published the Orazioni Civili secondo lo Stile di Venezia, of which, as it has been already noticed, some biographers have given the credit to his father Daniele. They have been several times reprinted. BADOARO, (Federico,) son of the illustrious senator, Alvise Badoaro, was born in Venice, in 1518. By his talents he soon obtained a great share in public affairs, and was sent by the republic as an ambassador to Charles V. and to his son Philip II. With the assistance of his friend Domenico Veniero, he instituted in Venice, in 1558, the celebrated academy, which, having taken Fame for its emblem, assumed the title della Fama. The object of this academy, which was composed of the most remarkable men of that class, was to reprint the works of the best authors, many of which had already been reprinted, when on the 19th of August, 1561, Badoaro was sent to prison by the order of the senate; and on the following day, by a second order, the academy was suppressed. For a long time the public had a vague notion of the real nature of Badoaro's crime, from a letter of Lucca Contile, who hinted that Badoaro, under the name of the academy, had committed some unlawful act, which would affect his honour, and most probably his life; and it was not before the indefatigable Mazzuchelli visited Venice, that he learned from a senator that Badoaro's crime was forgery in the administration of the money of the academy. It is not known whether he was fortunate enough to clear himself of the imputation. He survived it for more than thirty years, and died in 1595. It is said that he wrote several historical memoirs, relating to his two embassies, which were never printed, and some Latin and Italian orations, which some authors assert to have been printed, without, however, mentioning either the place or the date.

BADOARO, (Giacomo,) a nobleman of Venice, of the same family, lived during the seventeenth century. He was a friend of the celebrated Paolo Sarpi, and a dramatic poet of some reputation. From him we have, Le Nozze di Enea con Lavinia, Venezia, 1640. 2. Ulisse

Errante, Venez. 1644. 3. Elena Rapita da Teseo, ibid. 1655. They were all represented on the theatre of S. Giovanni e Paolo, where was also represented a fourth drama, Il Ritorno di Ulisse in Patria, which has never been printed.

et

BADOLATO, (P. D. Silvio, called also Scipione, this being his baptismal name,) a famous Neapolitan Cenobite. Born about 1510 in Monteleone, he studied first the civil and canonic law in Naples, desirous of applying himself to the bar; but, being connected with some friends, who were monks at the Carthusian convent of St. Martino, above Naples, he felt himself suddenly inspired, and joined them in 1529. In that curious composition-Theatrum Cronologicum Magistrorum, Abbatum, Priorum hujus Eremi Calabria S. Mar. de Turri, et Carthusiæ SS. Steph. et Brunonis, &c. per V. P. D. Barth. Falvetti; in Carthusia Sanctorum, 1821, folio,padre Badolato is described as one of those patterns of monastic humility, devotion, and learning, which were among the most remarkable characteristics of the middle ages. He was elected successively prior of the convents of Capri, Naples, Rome, and subsequently a visitator of all Tuscany and the kingdom of Naples. He exerted himself especially when, in 1576, the plague crossed froma Messina to Calabria. In 1583, he proceeded again to Rome, where Gregory XIII. received him as a friend, and availed himself of his advice. Finally, he retired to his beloved cell of St. Martino, where he composed some learned Commentaries on the Epistles of St. Paul, and other works on different subjects. He died in 1587. (Biog. degli Uomini illustri del Regno di Napoli. vol. ix.)

BADOLET, (John,) a minister of the Reformed church at Geneva, in 1655, and for many years a learned member of the college there. He wrote some works, of no great importance, and now very rare. (Biog. Univ.)

BADONVILLE, (Pierre, 17601811,) an aid-de-camp of Pichegru, distinguished by his courage and skill. He was the agent of correspondence between Pichegru and the prince de Condé; and when the papers of the latter were seized by the French, it was thought that there was sufficient to implicate him. After a long imprisonment, he was tried and acquitted, but never recovered his former rank; and was, until his death, under the surveillance of the police. (Biog. Univ. Suppl.)

BADOU, (Jean Baptiste,) a French preacher, born towards the close of the seventeenth century. He spent the latter years of his life in going about preaching in the different dioceses of Languedoc, at the request of the bishops there. He was preaching in a convent on the Garonne, in 1727, when the waters suddenly arose, and swept away both preacher and audiÁn account of this disaster was published at Paris, in 1727. Badou published a book, entitled, Exercises Spirituels, Toulouse, 1716. (Biog. Univ. Suppl.)

ence.

BADRESHI, (Abraham,) a Hebrew author and poet of the thirteenth century, who lived in Spain. He was the father of the celebrated Jedaia Appenini, (or Penini); and there is some doubt whether a poem on the fast of the day of expiation, every word of which ends with a lamed, is to be attributed to him or to his son. Stoccurs has given it in the Mantuan edition of the Bechinath Olam. (See De Rossi, and F. Delitzsch's History of Hebrew Poetry, pp. 3 and 48.)

BADUEL, (Claude,) was a native of Nismes, and born in the latter end of the fifteenth century. He was a pastor of a church near Geneva, and taught philosophy and mathematics till his death in 1561. He is the author of, De Ratione Vitæ studiosæ et literatæ in MatrimoRio collocandæ ac degendæ, and of some other works of little importance. (Biog. Univ.)

BADURATUS, bishop of Paderborn, from 815-859. He finished the building of the cathedral at Würzburg, and founded there a gymnasium, out of which afterwards the university took its origin. He built also, in 822, the monastery of Corvey.

BAEHR, or BEER, (Johann,) born in Austria in 1652, entered very young into the Benedictine convent of Lambach. Possessing talent and a fine voice, he received the instructions of an Italian friar, not only in music, but also in classical studies. Having gone to Leipsic to study theology, his splendid voice, and skill on the piano and violin, obtained for him a situation in the chapel of the duke Augustus, in Halle. Afterwards, he became master of concerts in Weissenfels; but died in 1700 by a wound in the head, which he received through the awkwardness of a sharpshooter at a public amusement. Bahr was a man enjoying many natural acquirements, with a great vivacity of mind; and his life abounds in anecdotes and adventures.

The most interesting incident of that kind is a quarrel with rector Vockerodt, who had published several libels against the musicians of the court of Gotha. Bähr took up the cudgels, and published a series of replies, which smothered the poor rector. The most remarkable

are entitled-Ursus Murmurat, Ursus Saltat, Ursus Triumphat, Ursus Vulpinatur; Schola Phonologica; Der Wohlehrenfeste Bierfiedler, etc. They contain, interwoven with the most pungent satire, some very good remarks on musical subjects. He left also manuscripts on philosophical and moral subjects. (Univ. Lexicon der Tonkunst.)

BAEHRENS, (John Christian Frederic,) a physician, born March 1, 1765, at Meinertshagen, took the degree of master of arts in 1786, became the director of the royal school of his native city, and in 1790 was appointed pastor and rector at Schwartz on the Unna, in the county of La Marck. He took the degree of doctor in medicine in 1798, and published numerous works on various subjects, some of which are curious and interesting.

BAEK, (Abraham,) was born in 1713, and died in 1795, a Swedish physician of considerable reputation in his time. He published many treatises on subjects connected with natural history, which were inserted in the Memoirs of the Swedish Academy. (Biog. Univ.)

BAELI, (Francesco,) a Sicilian poet, born at Melazzo in 1639. He joined the study of mathematics to the pleasure of poetry. At the age of twenty, he went to Paris, to improve his mathematical learning; and afterwards to Madrid, to extend his knowledge of literature. He subsequently visited almost all the countries of Europe. From this time there is no mention made of him till the year 1707, when we find him residing in Sicily, and contributing to the Biblioteca Siciliana, a publication set up by Montigore, the following works, some of which had been published the year before-1. Lo Statista Ristretto, Venezia, 1676. 2. La Polissena, Commedia in Versi, Venezia, 1676. 3. La Corono ovvero il givoco degli Asili, nuova Invenzione, Venezia, 1677. 4. Il Siciliano veridico, ovvero risposta, e vera Dimostrazione del presente e susseguente Stato della Città di Messina, Francfort, 1676. Montigore records two works which had not been published: 1. Tempe Panajo, ovvero la Ninfa linfata, o il Talamo alterato, Tragicommedia

more

Pastorale. 2. Trattati lirici, che comprendono odi e Sonetti.

BAENGIUS, (Peter,) a Swedish divine, was born in 1633. He was professor of divinity at Abo, in Finland. (Dict. Hist.)

BAENTSCH, (Louis Gustavus,) was born in 1774, and died in 1830. He filled some high offices in the court of the duke of Anhalt-kothen. (Biog. Univ. Suppl.)

BAER, (Benjamin de,) born in Dantzig, and bore, until he was created a noble, the name of Ursinus. He became first preacher to the court of Berlin, and when Frederic I. intended to assume the royal dignity, he made him the consecrating bishop. As such he performed the ceremony of unction to the elector, after he ( a prototype in that respect of Napoleon) had himself placed at Königsberg the royal crown on his brow, 18th January, 1701. Bär was the first Protestant bishop ever created in Germany. (Preuss. Ñational Encycl.

BAER, (Frederic Charles de, 1719 1797,) honorary professor at Strasburg, and for some time pastor of the Swedish embassy in Paris. He wrote, amongst other things, Essai Hist. et Crit. sur les Atlantiques, Paris, 1762, 8vo. In this paper he undertook to prove the Atlantis of Plato to have been the land of the Israelites. He pronounced the funeral orations on the Mareschal Saxe and Louis XV. (Meusels gelehrt. Deutschland.)

BAER, (Ludwig,) born at Basil about 1490, died 15th April, 1554. He studied at Paris, became successively a doctor of divinity, and professor and rector at the university of Basil. Among his disciples were Okolampad, Capito, Urbimes, Regius, and Hedio. Although he had declared himself strongly in favour of the abolition of church abuses, as long as the demonstrations against them were merely preparatory, and although he had stated to Erasmus, that he felt nearly induced to go over to the opposite party on account of the misrepresentations of ignorant monks, yet he remained a catholic. Bär was intimately acquainted with Erasmus, who called him Absolutissimum Theologicum, and was chiefly induced by Bär to write his book, De Libero Arbitrio. At the religious colloquy at Baden, in Switzerland, 1526, Bär was one of the four arbitrators or presidents. After the introduction of the reformation, he retired to Freiburg, in Breisgau, where he was received as a canon. Bar's principal works

are, De Christiana ad Mortem Præparatione, Basil, 1551, 8vo. Comment. in aliquot Psalmas, ibid. Discuss. Quæst. an Tempore Pestis fugere liceret, is also ascribed to him. (Iselii Vita Lud. Bär in Bibl. Brem. Erasmi Epistolæ. Wursteisen.)

BAEREBISTE, a king of the Dacians, contemporary with Sylla, Cæsar, and Augustus. He was one of the most warlike of the barbarian princes of his time, and his exploits created some uneasiness even at Rome. (Biog. Univ.)

BAERENS, (John Henry,) born at Copenhagen, 26th August, 1761, a distinguished administrator, and practical philanthropist. He studied first medicine, and then the law-sciences useful to him in his subsequent labours. After having held some minor situations, he obtained, in 1779, a place in the department for the poor of Copenhagen. From the year 1787, to that of his death, there was no committee relating to the affairs of the poor in Copenhagen, in which Barens did not take an active part. Having received in 1800, a remuneration of 1000 dollars for his extraordinary public services, he established therewith an institution for the daughters of indigent civil officers, where he became also a gratuitous teacher. He was a member of the society for the improvement (Veredelung) of the working classes, and one of the first who established yearly exhibitions of objects of national industry. Notwithstanding those time-absorbing duties, he was one of the most prolific writers of his country, and during the last ten years of his life, he relinquished the whole (very considerable) profits of his publications, to the great poor house of Copenhagen, and other similar institutions. A few years before his death, he married the clever tutoress, A. K. Thorboe. In 1811 he received the golden cross of the Danebrog order, and was made an Etatsrath. manifold, tiresome, and even ungrateful occupations and endeavours, such as that to obtain civic rights for the Jews, occasioned him much trouble, and shortened his life. He died 5th July, 1813. Feeling the approach of death, he wished the words, Sein Leben war That,-His life was action-should be placed on his grave; words which bespeak the whole tenor of his honourable and truly christian career. Among his numerous works may be mentioned, Penia, eller Blade for Skolevaesenet, &c. (P. or Journal for Scholastic, Industrial, Medicinal, and Pauper Affairs); on the Liberty of the Press, 1797; Notices for Friends of Music,

His