ingenuity would be ingenious in tormenting them- Book felves; filled with a contempt or difguft for all Chap. 27. things, they would be unhappy amidst all the bleffings that could contribute to their happiness.
No fubject fearing another, the nation would be · proud; for the pride of kings is founded only on their independence.
Free nations are haughty; others may more eafily be vain.
But these men, who are naturally fo proud, living much by themselves, would be commonly bashful, when they come amongst ftrangers; and we fhould frequently fee them behave for a confiderable time with an odd mixture of pride and ill placed shame.
The character of the nation would more particularly fhew itself in their literary performances, in which we fhall find the men of thought and deep meditation.
Society gives us a fense of the ridicules of mankind, retirement renders us more fit to reflect on the folly of vice. Their fatyrical writings would be fharp and fevere, and we should find amongst them many Juvenals, without discovering one Horace.
In monarchies extremely abfolute historians betray the truth, because they are not at liberty to speak it; in ftates remarkably free they betray the truth, because of their liberty itself, which always produces divifions, every one becoming as great a flave to the prejudices of his faction, as he could be in a defpotic ftate.
Their poets would more frequently have an original rudeness of invention, than that particular kind of delicacy which springs from tafte: we fhall there find fomething which approaches nearer to the bold ftrength of a Michael Angelo, than to the fofter graces of a Raphael.
The End of the FIRST VOLUME.
INDE X.
The numbers expreffed by letters refer to the vo-
lume, thofe by figures to the page.
BORTION: why the women of America procured
it,
ii. 115
Accufations allowed in old Rome: useful in a republic,
i. 116. The abuse made of them under the emperors, i. 117.
Public, i. 283. Caufe of their being put a stop to, i. 151.
Of herefy and magic, the circumfpection they require, i. 266.
Abuse that may be made of them,
i. 267, & feq.
Accufed; in what manner they escaped condemnation at Rome,
Accufers in what cafe they were punished at Athens, i. 283.
Guards appointed to watch them, ibid. False: in what man-
ner they were punished,
Actions of men; how they are judged in a monarchy, i. 43, &
Seq. Caufe of the great actions of the ancients, i. 48, &
Seq. Ex bona fide, by whom devised,
Adoption, when ufeful, i. 64. When not,
Adulation, when forbid by honor,
Adultery (accufation of) public among the Romans, i. 70. In
what manner it was abolished, i. 151. (A woman) accused
by her children,
ii. 193
Advocate of the public profecutor, ii. 305. His function, ibid.
Africa: State of the people who inhabit its coafts, ii. 22.
fon of their being barbarians, ibid. Nature of their com-
merce, ibid. Eastern coaft, its limits known by the ancients,
ii. 42. Lefs known in Ptolemy's time, than in that of So-
lomon,
ii. ibid.
Agriculture in what light it was confidered by the ancient
Greeks, i. 55. By whom exercifed among that nation, ibid.
and ii. 120. Encouraged among the Chinese and Perfians,
Alcibiades, admired by the univerfe; for what reafop,
VOL IL
K k
Alexander, reflection on his project, i. 208. What he did to
preferve his conquefts, i. zo5. His conquefts in the Indies,
ii. 36. Founds Alexandria, ii. 37. His navigation on the
Indies, and the Indian fea, ii. 40, & feq. His empire divid
ed,
Alienation of the great offices and fiefs,
Allodia. How changed into fiefs and why, ii. 431, & feq.
Advantage of this change,
Ambaladors of princes, to what laws they were fubje&t, ii. 217
Ambition, invades the hearts of fome people, when virtue is
banished, i. 32. Pernicious in a republic, i. 36. Whether
it be useful in a monarchy,
i. ibid.
America, by whoin discovered, ii. 60. Confequence of this dif
covery, with regard to the rest of the world, ii: 62. And
with regard to Spain, ii 63. Nature of its foil, i. 392.
Why there are so many favages in that country,
Amortization, (right of,)
Amphictyons, their law contradictory to itself,
Annuitants, reafons that induce the state to grant them a fin-
gular protection,
Anonymous (letters,) whether any notice ought to be
them,
Antipater, the law which he enacted at Athens, i. 21.
tage of that law,
Antruftio, what was understood by that word, ii. 406. The
compofition which was settled for the murder of an Antruftio,
ibid. Whether the order of Antruftio's formed a body of
nobility,
ii. 410
Appeal, how it was looked upon by the Romans, ii. 282
Appeal of falfe judgment; what it was formerly, ii. 282. It
included felony, ibid. how they proceeded therein, ii. 283,
& feq. and 285. Who were forbid to make it, ii. 287.
was to be made upon the spot, ii. 297. Of default of justice,
when it was permitted, ii. 289. In what manner it was intro-
duced, ii. 291. Whether battle was allowed in this case,
ibid. & feq. Followed with an appeal of falfe judgment,
ii. 293. To the king, ii. z9o. Whether they could appeal
the king's court of falfe judgment, ii. 288. A law of Charles
VII. concerning appeals,
ii. 342
Appius (the Decemvir) how he eludes his own laws in the affair
of Virginia,
Arabs, their character, ii. 52. & feq. Their ancient and pre-
fent commerce, ibid. Their liberty,
Arcadians, nature of the country they inhabit,
Areopagite feverely punished for killing a sparrow,
Areopagus, a court of judicature at Athens, i. 69. Several judg
ments paffed by this court, i. 101. Its functions
Argives, their cruelty condemned by the Athenians,
Ariana, its fituation,
Ariftocracy, what it is, i. 12, and 18. When it is happy, i. 18.
Which is the beft, i. 21. and the most imperfect, ibid. Things
pernicious in an aristocracy, i. 73, & feq, and 163, & feq. In
what manner it is corrupted,
i. 163
Ariftotle, his opinion concerning the virtues of flaves, i. 47. In
regard to natural flaves, i. 343. In regard to music, i.
&feq. In regard to artifans, i. ibid. In regard to the fpi-
rit's waxing old, i. 70. In regard to monarchies, i. 233. In
regard to the number of citizens,
Arms; effect arifing from the change of arms, ii. 272. Fire
arms; the bearing of them how punished at Venice, ii. 220
Arreft or decree given upon an appeal: origin of the formu-
lary employed therein,
Artaxerxes: why he put his children to death,
Artifans, how they came to be made freemen,
Arts, what Xenophon fays of those who exercise them, i. ibid.
Their use, ii. 118. Their influence on the number of the
inhabitants of a country,
As Roman, its value,
Afia, what kind of trade was carried on formerly in that coun-
try, ii. 25. Revolutions that have happened in Afia, ibid.
Quality and effects of its climate, i. 378, & feq. Its climate
different from that of Europe, i. 380. How often subdued,
i. 381
Affembly of the people: why the number of citizens that com-
pofe it ought to be fixed,
Affociations of cities, when neceffary,
Affyrians, conjecture in regard to their communication with dif
ii. 26
Afylums in the temples, ii. 173. Numerous in Greece, ibid.
Abufe made of them, ibid. Eftablished by Mofes; for whom,
ibid, & feq. Refufed to the Saxons, ii. 236. Every man
ought to have his own houfe for an afylum,
Atheist, why he always talks of religion,
Athens, (law of) to put ftrangers to death who concerned them-
felves in the affemblies of the people, i. 12. and the useless
people, when the city was befieged, ii. 339. (People of)
how they chofe their magiftrates and fenators, i. 13, and 16.
Their ability in this refpect, i. 13. How they gave their fuf-
frages, i. 17. (People of) divided into four claffes, i: 15.
'Their character, i. 420. Number of her forces in the war
against the Perfians, i. 30. Her ftate under Demetrius Pha-
lereus, and under Demofthenes, ibid. & feq. Overcome at
Cheronea; confequences of that defeat, i. 31.
time power, ii. 33. The use the made of it,
Caufe of her corruption,
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