Left and abandon'd of his velvet friend been informed very fully of Macbeth's "per- closer nature is indicated in this line. sonal venture in the rebels' fight," so there Recollecting the well-known habit of deer to was practically nothing left for inference. I go in couples, it is strange that believe we should understand "reads" as meaning explains-" read me my dream," and similar cases. It was when Duncan tried to explain or account for Macbeth's achievements in battle that his wonders and his praises contended for the mastery. E. MERTON DEY. St. Louis. 66 'THE WINTER'S TALE,' V. i. 12:— Sir, you have done enough, and have perform'd which Leontes does not feel to be merited. : Well fitted in Arts, glorious in Armes. The attempts to cure the defective rhythm of this line overlook the many proofs that the text was set up by hearing and not by seeing. I believe it is plain that "as" has been lost after "Arts": A man of souveraigne parts he is esteem'd; 'As You LIKE IT,' II. i. 50: Left and abandon'd of his velvet friend. The generally accepted emendation "friends," for the singular form of the Folio, seems an unfortunate alteration of the old text. While the indifference of a passing herd to the sufferings of one of their kind is touched upon later, the present passage is distinct from the later one, and has an entirely different bearing. A severed relation of a as has never been taken as referring to the 'OTHELLO,' III. iv. 38-9: This argues fruitfulness, and liberal heart: The discussion which has waged about this passage having been inconclusive, I submit the following from the First Song of Whose pregnant wombe prepared by his all-powerful Drayton's Poly-Olbion' :— fire, Being purelie hot and moist, projects that fruitfull 'AS YOU LIKE IT,' I. i. — In this scene Oliver is made to say, "Wilt thou lay hands on me, villain?" Orlando replies, "I am no villain; I am the youngest son of Sir Rowland de Boys; he was my father, and he is thrice a villain that says such a father begot not take this hand from thy throat till this villains. Wert thou not my brother, I would other had pulled out saying so thou hast railed on thyself." I thy tongue for have often looked at this passage, and it always seems an anomaly for Orlando to describe Oliver as a villain. Do any commentators take note of the passage? A. J. CASH. 'HAMLET,' I. iv. 36: "DRAM OF EALE" (10th S. iv. 285).-DR. FURNIVALL'S contention that eale is a variant of evil-on the ground that the form deale=devil also appears in the Second Quarto, and that there exists a M. E. form ele-has been to some extent anticipated by Morsbach, Mittelenglische Grammatik,' p. 108: "el für euel......bei Mirc, v. 365 (él; dēl [i.e., devil]); vgl. auch eale in Shaks.," &c. There are objections, however, and a much simpler explanation is possible. To begin with, it is difficult to see how a fourteenth-century West Midland form can by itself "confirm an otherwise unexampled form in Shakespeare. If eale and deale were true Elizabethan variants of evil, devil, they would be pronounced, I supposed, il, dil, not el, del; and while eale might be a possible spelling for il (evil), to distinguish it from eele (eel), deale is unlikely for dil. Gill (Ellis, p. 857) knows dil, but merely as a Northern provincialism; Butler (ibid., p. 876) apparently does not recognize the form. But in Hamlet,' II. ii. 628 (Q. 2), May be a deale, and the deale hath power, the first deale cannot possibly be monosyllabic, while devl or divl would be sufficiently monosyllabic for the second deale. The fact is that deale......deale are simply misprints for deule......deule (= in Elizabethan orthography devle), a form which is exampled in Q. 2 (III. ii. 136): "Nay then let the deule weare blacke." Similarly eale is a misprint for eule-evle evil. The unusual spelling, the close resemblance between written a and u, and the obscurity of the passage are quite enough to account for the printer's error. Unfortunately, he committed more blunders than one. M. HUNTER. Rajahmundry, India. 66 "ONEYERS," '1 HENRY IV.,' II. i. (10th S. iv. 443).—DR. KRUEGER'S suggestion is interesting. In the glossary of The Dramatic Works of W. Shakspeare,' printed in Paris in 1835 and sold by Amyot, one finds "Oneyers, bankers." This suggests moneyers." The burgomaster being a continental official, it occurs to me that "oneyers" might be a misprint of some derivative of French ouir, in the sense of a judge who listens to plead ings, like ouvidor in Portuguese and oidor in Castilian, which means a kind of auditor." Not unlike oneyer is Dutch oneer=dishonour, a term which might conceivably be applied to a judge or magistrate disrespectfully. E. S. DODGSON. as CHARLES LAMB AT WEDDINGS.-The Elia essay 'The Wedding' commemorates, Lamb students are aware, the marriage of Admiral Burney's daughter Sarah with her cousin John Thomas Payne on 14 April, 1821. "I could not resist," writes Elia," the importunities of the young lady's father, whose gout unhappily confined him at home, to act as parent on this occasion and give away the bride." Commenting on this, Mr. Lucas, in his recent 'Life of Charles Lamb,' remarks: Whether he really gave away the bride, or only affected to have done so, I cannot say." 66 There now lies before me a copy of the entry in the Register Book of Marriages in the Parish of St. Margaret, Westminster, which makes it certain that Lamb did not act as the "grave father," from the fact that the marriage was solemnized in the presence, amongst others, of the bride's father. There would thus be no reason for Lamb's acting in any other capacity than that of an interested spectator." The bride-maids, the three charming Miss Foresters," mentioned in the essay, were probably the three young ladies who with others signed the Register-Anne Tomlinson, Elizabeth Maud Tomlinson, and Maria Tomlinson. On the occasion, however, of the marriage of Emma Isola with Edward Moxon, Lamb I have lately did give away the bride. ascertained that the ceremony took place at St. George's, Hanover Square, by licence, and that Lamb's name appears first in order of those who witnessed the marriage. S. BUTTERWORTH. Carlisle. ANCIENT WELSH COPE. The church of St. Martin, Laugharne, in Carmarthenshire, possesses a beautiful old cope of red and gold velvet beau brocade of the second half of the fifteenth century, probably the gift of one of the several Sir Guy de Brians, who were benefactors of the church. The village sexton or clerk has been in the habit of cutting portions off this fine old vestment (which has orphreys embroidered with prophets and other saints), and disposing of them to visitors. An effort is now being made to safeguard what remains. The pieces that are left have been carefully remounted, and the whole will shortly be glazed and hung up in the church. Should this meet the eye of any persons who possess missing portions of the cope, they are requested to send such fragments to Mrs. McClure, 80, Eccleston Square, S.W., who has been entrusted with the remounting of the vestment. EVERARD GREEN, Rouge Dragon. HALLEY PIKE FAMILIES. Some documentary evidence has come to hand which appears to bear directly upon the traditions. recorded in 9th S. xi. 205. A record-searcher in London sends me a lot of notes, including the items following: "A True Discovery of Mr. Edmund Halley of London; a merchant found dead at Temple Farm, Rochester. A curious broadsheet dated 1684......in Guildhall Library, p. 393 in Catalogue." "Brookfield Parish Church (Somerset): 1774, 18 September, William Pike-Joan Haley (Philli more's series of parish registers, county of Somerset, vols. v. and vi., press - mark 9903 aa, in British Museum)." 46 March, 1687/8, Samuel Endewes married Elizabeth Haley of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, at St. James's, Duke's Place, as per register." "Marriage Licences in the Faculty Office, Knightrider Street, Doctors' Commons, London: 1708/9, 14 Feb., John Pike and Mary Lee. 1708/9, 18 Feb., John Halley and Sarah Randall." "Indenture......21 April, 1694, between Francis Halley, of London, gent., son and heir of William Halley, late of Peterborough in the county of Northampton, gent.; Edmund Halley, of London, gent.; and Richard Pyke, citizen and poulterer of London, gent.; and Robert Huntman, of London, gent., wherein Francis Halley sells certain property to Edmund Halley and Richard Pyke (vol. liii. of Close Rolls, in Round Room of Public Record Office)." The present writer would add that one of his paternal grand-uncles, of whom documentary evidence exists, bore the name of Richard McPike; but he may have been named after his maternal uncle, Richard Mountain. Edmund William Pike, Esq. (b. 1838), was a postmaster of the House of Commons, 1878-1903, now retired. As the compilation of a complete life of Dr. Edmond Halley (1656-1742) is now being seriously considered by an English astronomer, perhaps the genealogical problem involved may be cleared up ere long. EUGENE FAIRFIELD MCPIKE. ROPES USED AT EXECUTIONS.-Mr. Horace Bleackley, in Some Distinguished Victims of the Scaffold,' tells his readers that when Governor Wall was hanged, a woman sold, at twelvepence an inch (p. 139), bits of the rope by which the criminal had suffered. If any one were to take pains to hunt up the evidence, it is probable that many other examples of this desire to possess such-like memorials of people of evil eminence might be brought to light. When the traffic in such things was discontinued I do not know. The fact I am about to narrate, though it does not indicate the end, assuredly marks a change of feeling in regard to this odious practice. A Lincolnshire gentleman, with whom I was well acquainted in years gone by, knew William and John Dyon, who were hanged at York in 1828 for the murder of John Dyon, of Brancroft. The murdered man was indeed a friend of his. He did not go to see the execution of the murderers, but, as soon as he knew that all was over, set off to York by coach, for the purpose of buying the ropes by which the criminals met their doom. He wanted them for the purpose of making into bell-ropes, and was prepared to give a good price for them; but when he reached the Castle he was told that orders had been issued that things of this kind were not to be disposed of. EDWARD PEACOCK. Wickentree House, Kirton-in-Lindsey. BOLTON PRIORY: ITS TITLE. It is time the popular misconception (and consequent misnomer) that the celebrated monastery at Bolton was an abbey should be laid low, and the establishment placed in its proper category, i e., among the priories. It was one of the Greater" Priories those with a net revenue of 2007. or over at the Dissolutionand never was an abbey. JOHN A. RANDOLPH. CANADA'S LAST IMPERIAL TROOPS.-It may be interesting to the historian of the future to make a note of the fact that, on 5 March, the last of the Imperial troops which have been stationed in Canada left that country in a steamer bound for Liverpool. The contingent consisted of 100 men of the Royal Engineers, under the command of Major Cartwright. The military forces of the Dominion are now exclusively Canadian. In 1762, when we made peace with France, in order that nothing might be wanting for the security of new settlers in Canada, a regular military establishment was formed in that country, consisting of 10,000 men, divided into twenty battalions. In the words of an eighteenth-century chronicler:— "For the present these troops are maintained by Great Britain. When a more calm and settled season comes on, they are to be paid, as is reasonable, by the colonies they are intended to protect. To encourage soldiers and seamen who had served in the American War to settle there, and at the same time to reward their services, lots of land were offered to the officers according to the correspondent rank which they held in the army and the navy: 5,000 acres to a field officer; to every captain, 3,000; to every subaltern, 2,000; to every non-commissioned officer, 200; and to every private seaman and soldier, 50." One hundred and forty-four years have passed since those words were written. Canada, now the pride of our Empire, has developed into a nation; the painter has been cut, in the best sense of that nautical Edgbarrow, Crowthorne. MLLE. G. M. MERLETTE.-I feared to make my note on Elizabeth Barrett Browning (ante, pp. 204, 224) too long, or should have written more about Mlle. Germaine Marie Merlette; but it should be recorded that this gifted lady did not live long after writing what The Athenæum pronounced would "long continue to be by far the fullest and most adequate biography' of Mrs. Browning. Mlle. Merlette died on the 5th of October, 1905; and a short obituary notice in The Athenæum of the 21st of the same month states that her "enthusiasm for her subject took her to England and Italy in search of material." This was supplied to her by Mr. Barrett Browning and other friends. The biography gained for her the distinction of the Doctorate of the University of Paris, to which it was presented as a thesis. JOHN C. FRANCIS. Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. by being the property of one landlord or builder. And before the road in question had become a street, and could be numbered continuously, it was necessary to have some means of distinguishing and localizing the numerous groups or rows of houses which it contained; for which purpose "place," as the common English word for a point or part of space, a locus, lieu, or ort, was very handy. It would be extremly difficult now to say what a "place" is in English town nomenclature, unless, perhaps, by a negative statement that what is so designated is usually not a street or road, but may be almost anything else, from a well-built aristocratic square to a small nondescript area off a back street, or an isolated group of three houses by a suburban wayside. I should be glad of suggestions for a definition. As to earlier usage, we find T. Washington, in translating Nicolay's Voyages,' writing, in 1585, of an Oriental city, "The places and streets' are well ordeined"; A. Lovell, in 1687, writing, "There are in it many lovely Piazza's or Places, as that which is before the Palace of his Eminence"; and even Macaulay, in 1848, referring to the Piazza Navona at Rome as "the stately Place of Navona." In 1796 J. Owen, in his 'Travels into Europe,' ii. 458, writes of a German city : "There are some squares, as we improperly call them in England, but which the Germans, as well as the French and Italians, more properly denominate Places. The word in the German is Platz, corresponding to the French Place and the Italian Piazza." "PLACE."-We should like to get as much information as possible about the use of this word in the topographical nomenclature of cities, towns, and villages, as in Bury Place, This would tend to show that, so late as Ely Place, Langham Place, Portland Place. 1796, "Place" was at least not common in When did names of this type begin in Great English street nomenclature. So far as Britain? What early examples can be given? I am acquainted with provincial towns, When, for example, was Ely Place named?"Place" does not belong at all to the old In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries nomenclature, but entirely to the era of we find place frequently used in reference to modern building. In Hawick I think the foreign cities, rendering Fr. place, Sp. plaza, first "place" dates to about 1830. But it is It. piazza, Ger. platz, Du. plaats, &c.; and very desirable to have actual dates for the always, of course, in its proper sense of the denomination, not only from London and square, public place, market place, or place Bath, but from towns and villages all over d'armes of the town, or of a regularly built the British Isles. Who can produce the J. A. H. MURRAY. piazza, as in Rome or Florence. I presume earliest "Place"? that it was in this sense of "open square" or the like that the name was first introduced (perhaps as a grandiose or stylish name) into London and English towns, where it rapidly degenerated into a denomination for any area, group, or row of houses, not a street. the nineteenth century many streets had 'places" in them, the name having been given by builders to a small row of houses, standing by themselves on a suburban road, or perhaps merely distinguished from others 66 In BELL IN "PLACE MAKING," "PLACE," RINGING.-Will any one be so good as to send direct to Dr. Murray, Oxford, an explanation of the technical use of these words in bellringing, with dated quotations from the seventeenth century to the twentieth? J. T. F. MACAULAY ON "ARABELLA" SEDLEY. - In every edition of Macaulay's essays that I have the opportunity of consulting there Also, is it possible to meet with 'Bericht der Rinder zu Waselheim,' by Andreas Keller? I shall be extremely gratified if some of your correspondents can answer these queries. ELIZABETH SAVILLE. 12, Granby Road, Headingley, Leeds. CAPARN FAMILY OF NEWARK AND LINCOLN. appears, in the essay on Sir James Mackin- contents, entire or in part, with a view to tosh's History of the Revolution,' the fol- publication? lowing sentence, referring to a trait in the character of James II: "Yet his priests could not keep him for Arabella Sedley." Everybody acquainted with the amours of that monarch must know that the name of the mistress here referred to was Catherine Sedley, created Countess of Dorchester by James himself shortly after his accession, much to the disgust of John Evelyn and all other good men of the time. That the-Being engaged in preparing a short geneaslip in the Christian name was originally made is explained by the fact that the king (when Duke of York) had an earlier mistress, Arabella Churchill, sister of the Duke of Marlborough, and mother of the scarcely less famous Duke of Berwick. Both ladies, with names correctly given, are embalmed in the immortal pages of Macaulay's own 'History.' Can any one account for the perpetuation of this blunder through so many successive reprints of the essay on Mackintosh, particularly as reproduced in issue after issue of that standard edition in the preface to which the celebrated author himself expresses the wish that "his writings, if they are read, may be read in an edition free at least from errors of the press and slips of the pen." Sackville, N.B., Canada. D. A. Valete studia-valete studia-valete studia. Who was Jean Van Decuyper? and where is THEODOR REYSMAN: ANDREAS KELLER. Can any reader of N. & Q' give me information respecting Theodor Reysman, a German ecclesiastic of the Reformation period? His works were 'Fons Blanus,' Epistola ad Galatas' (Latin verse), 'Elegia de grue_volucré,' and Trauergedicht auf Otto v. Falkenberg' (Latin verse). Do these, or any of them, exist in England, in any public library or private collection? And if so, might one be allowed to copy their logical history of the family of Caparn, of His niece Jane I further seek information respecting Daniel Caparn, who was a Chamberlain of the City of Lincoln in 1748, and Sheriff in 1754 and 1788; also concerning John Caparn. who, according to The Lincoln, Rutland, and Stamford Mercury of 7 June, 1799, was appointed Commissioner for taking special bail in the Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas in Lincoln, Leicester, Northants, Notts, and Yorks. Was he an attorney? CHARLES E. HEWITT. Now this is every cook's opinion, I cannot recall the next two lines, and have EDWARD P. WOLFERSTAN. LEWES GRAMMAR SCHOOL.-This foundation in 1512 of Henry VIII. was some few years ago dissolved, and its endowments converted into scholarships. I shall be much obliged if some correspondent will kindly say (1) when the dissolution took place; (2) to whose custody the scholarships were entrusted; (3) what became of the |