sequent information, however, seems to show that a rebus is intended here, and that it was not a pedlar or tinker who benefited the church, but a certain John Chapman.

I think that rebuses of a similar kind were very prevalent in early days, as may be seen in many churches, such as I slip, for Islip; bolt and tun, for Bolton; and the staple and tun cut on the market cross of the town of Swaffham, in memory of Stapleton.

This manner of expressing the name by a rebus was practised both by the Greeks and Romans.

I should be glad of examples of the rebus in other churches in the United Kingdom. JAS. CURTIS, F.S.A.

COPES AND COPE-CHESTS.-Has any illustrated account ever been published of the very fine collection of copes which belonged to Archbishop Laud, and which are preserved -and shown to the public with such difficulty in the Library of St. John's College, Oxford? The Fellows refused to allow any of them to be shown at the recent Eccle

siastical Exhibition at St. Albans.

Where, besides York Minster and Carlisle Cathedral, are medieval cope-chests preserved? T. CANN HUGHES, M.A., F.S. A. Lancaster.

"DIAMOND STATE."- How old is this name for the State of Delaware? And what is its rationale? I do not find it in 'The Century Dictionary' nor in the new edition of Webster. In 1875 a Philadelphia contributor to 'N. & Q.' (5th S. iv. 37) used it quite familiarly. Q. V.

SAXON KINGS: LIVING Descendants.

Can the writer of the review of the Marquis
de Ruvigny's Plantagenet Roll,' published
at 10th S. iv. 138, give full particulars of his
supposed discovery of a direct descendant
of Saxon kings in a village tailor? From
what king, and how, is he descended?

Does any English family except the Huddle-
stons pretend to such a descent? or from a
Saxon thane?
T. SOMERILL.

[The name Huddleston, which was borne by a tailor in Wharfedale, Yorks, was supposed to be the same as Athelstan. We forget where the information appeared.]

SIR THOMAS PLAYER.-The articles in the Dictionary of National Biography' relating to the two men of this name, father and son, need a little correction, and are capable of amplification as follows: Sir Thomas Player, the elder, must have been born before 1608, and was therefore probably not the same as Thomas, son of Robert Player, of Canterbury,

who took his M.A. degree at St. Alban's Hall,
Oxford, in 1633. Sir Thomas Player, the
younger, was married to Joyce Kendall, at
Hackney, on 20 April, 1639, at which time
his father must, presumably, have been over
forty years of age, and was therefore born
before 1600. Sir Thomas Player, the elder.
had a brother Simon Player, a citizen and
horner of London, who predeceased him,
leaving issue, and whose will was proved in
the P.C.C. If these were not the sons of
Robert Player, of Canterbury, whence did
they spring? Sir Thomas Player, the younger,
like his father, was of Hackney, in Middlesex,
where they are buried. A tombstone at
Hackney reads as follows:-

Here lye ye Body of Sr. Thomas Player, Jun.
who dyed ye 19th of January, 1685,6,
and of Dame Joyce Player, his wife,

who dyed ye 2nd December, 1686.

Sir Thomas Player, the younger, seems to
have left no issue. His will and that of his
widow were proved in the Prerogative Court
of Canterbury. These distinguished citizens
of London bore the same arms as the Player
family of Gosport and Fareham, in Hamp-
shire (whose pedigree is recorded in Berry's
'Hants Genealogies'), and must have been
nearly related to them, for the descendants
of the Hampshire family possess as heirlooms
a miniature portrait of Sir Thomas Player,
the younger, as well as the ceremonial sword
used by him as Chamberlain of London.
G. R. BRIGSTOCKE.
Ryde, I. W.

CLASSICAL LITERATURE AS AN EDUCATIVE FORCE. I shall be glad if any of the readers of 'N. & Q.' will oblige me with the titles of any books, pamphlets, or periodical literature which specially mention, indicate, or summarize the moral, ethical, practical, or spiritual teaching of the great classical literature of the past, in the manner of Hillis's 'Great Books as Life Teachers.' Books written with a special purpose or catalogued under their specific teaching might suffice. Please reply direct.

J. MUIR.

57, Cambridge Mansions, Battersea Park, S.W.

LINDO OR LINDOT, PORTRAIT PAINTER.In 7th S. ix. 267 the late REV. E. HUSSEY ADAMSON asked for information respecting "Lindo, a Portrait Painter," some of whose work is to be found in the halls of old Northumbrian families, but variously attributed to Lindo, Lindoe, and Lindot. For example, at Alnwick Castle, according to local histories, is a full-length painting of Elizth, first Duchess of Northumberland, by Lindot,

G. B.

from the original of Sir Joshua Reynolds." is profoundly silent on this point, and only MR. ADAMSON'S query elicited no reply. one of the British Peerages describes them Fifteen years have elapsed since it was as Princesses of Fife. printed, and perhaps a repetition of the inquiry to day may be more successful.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

RICHD. WElford.

HERALDIC. Can any of your readers kindly say whose the following arms were? Gules. a cross clechée or. It has been suggested that they have some connexion with the Prior and Convent of Durham or St. Cuthbert. SADI.

DR. JOHNSON'S CLUB AND THE LITERARY CLUB.-Have any complete lists been published of the members of Dr. Samuel Johnson's Club, founded in 1783, and of the Literary Club, founded in 1764? G. H. JOHNSTON, Lieut.-Col. Kilmore, Richhill, co. Armagh. RHYL, NORTH WALES. I should feel grateful to any of your correspondents for whether it is of Welsh or English extraction the derivation and meaning of Rhyl

Swansea.

EDWARD ROBERTS.

THE BABINGTON CONSPIRACY.-Can any reader give title, author, and publisher of a novel published a few years ago on the subject of the Babington conspiracy, 1586? The heroine has numerous adventures whilst disguised as a soldier under the name of Capt. Maud. H. T. S.

MAITLAND FAMILY.-Who were the parents, and what was the ancestry, of Richard Maitland, who died, 12 May, 1775, at the "Bear,” Inn, Hungerford, on his proposed journey to London from Bath? He was buried, on the 19th of the same month, at Woodford, Essex, where his wife-who was she?-had been buried on 26 September, 1772, having died on the 18th. Richard Maitland was a West Indian merchant in the City of London. In the Heads of a Will," and in a codicil dated 1 May. 1775, which were proved 24 May, 1775 (P.C.C. 195 Alexander), the only relation apparently mentioned is his son Thomas Maitland, who, in the History of Antigua by Vere L. Oliver, is given as having married-with quoted authorities in support. -settlement dated 9 August. 1776-Jane, one of the daughters of General Edward Mathew, of Clanville Lodge, co. Southampton, by his wife Lady Jane Bertie, sister and eventual coheiress of Brownlow Bertie, last Duke of Ancaster. When did Thomas Maitland die? It was prior to 7 March, 1798. His widow is stated to have died at Brighton, 5 June, 1830, aged seventy-three. General Sir Peregrine Maitland, G C.B. (see 9th S. v. 375, 525), their son, died 30 May, 1854, aged seventy-six, having married, on 9 October, 1815, as his second wife, Lady Sarah, a daughter of the fourth Duke of Richmond. She died 8 September, 1873, aged eighty- one, and left issue. Richard Maitland, in "Heads of a Will," names Daniel Mathew; his brother Col. (afterwards General) Edward Mathew; Brownlow Mathew, a son of the latter; George Dewar; Beeston Long; Charles Spooner; James Gordon, of Moor Place, in Much Hadham, Hertfordshire, and left 10,000l. to the Marshall College, Aberdeen. This bequest he revoked by the codicil, in which he names John Warren, James Bogle with the dialect of the Khonds of Orissa and French, and Robert Willock. I know the Ganjam kindly explain the derivation of the pedigree of Maitland in Miscellanea Genea- word "meriah," which is applied to the welllogica et Heraldica, vol. ii. pp. 205-13 in-known human victim sacrificed by these people?

clusive.

JOHN AUG. LONGWORTH.-In a book published in 1853 it is stated that "the journal of Mr. Longworth...... was on the point of publication, when he received a consular appointment, and it was consequently suppressed." According to 'The Foreign Office List,' Longworth retired from the British consular service in February, 1875, and died in July of that year. Is that journal still in existence? The only thing he published was a book entitled 'A Year among the Circassians' (London, 1840).

L. L. K.

MERIAH.-Will some one who is acquainted

EMERITUS.

"HAMBERBONNE" OF WHEAT. - What is this word? It occurs in the proceedings of the Cinque Ports Court of Record at Rye, 24 February, 1454, whereby the master of a ship (or Baling) was adjudged to pay, for share of freight and portage, six pounds and two hamberbonnes of wheat. H. P. L.

nom de guerre, and not by George Jacob
Holyoake. In no instance can I find in any
of the late G. J. Holyoake's writings a claim
that he either in writing or lecturing adopted
the name Iconoclast. He was in the early
times referred to associated with Mr. Brad-
laugh, and as a matter of fact on 10 Oct.,
1850, took the chair for the youthful orator
at his lecture delivered at Philpot Street,
Commercial Road (Bonner's 'Life,' vol. i.
p. 22).
JOSEPH COLYER MARRIOTT.

plained that there were detectives present. lectures were delivered by him under that The Dictionary of National Biography' mentions that he was secretary to the fund started to defend Mr. E. Truelove for publishing a defence of Orsini's attempt to assassinate Napoleon III. Among those who publicly subscribed were Harriet Martineau, John Stuart Mill, and Prof. F. W. Newman. I have this pamphlet, entitled Tyrannicide,' with a collection of others on the same subject. These I showed to Holyoake one Sunday when he came to visit me at my house at Streatham. He was greatly interested, and told me that the pamphlet 'Tyrannicide' had been offered to him, and gave me his reasons for not publishing it. He, however, published a translation of Pyat's Letter to the Parliament and the Press.'

Bradlaugh lectured as Iconoclast to shield himself in his weekday employment, and he made use of the name until his first contest at Northampton in 1868.

Mrs. Holyoake Marsh tells me that her Mrs. Holyoake Marsh tells me that her father's pseudonym on The Leader newspaper (about 1850) was "Ion": "This is probably what has confused MR. HEMS, but I agree with you in thinking that my father never lectured under the name of 'Ion.' Bradlaugh was 'Iconoclast.''

I should like to say one word as to Holyoake's great charm of manner. He was a perfect gentleman, as all will testify who enjoyed his friendship.

JOHN C. FRANCIS.

MR. HARRY HEMS is mistaken concerning the late G. J. Holyoake. and his having lectured under the name of Iconoclast. MR. HEMS's memory has failed him in substituting Holyoake for Charles Bradlaugh, who did use that name both at the time and place referred to. The following will be ample to prove the error.

The Life of Charles Bradlaugh,' by Hypatia Bradlaugh- Bonner, 1894, vol. i. p. 42, says that about 1854 Charles Bradlaugh

"took the name of Iconoclast,' under the thin veil of which he did all his anti-theological work until he became candidate for Parliament in 1868; thenceforward he always spoke and wrote under his own name, whatever the subject he was dealing with. An appearance of concealment was dread. fully irksome to him, though in 1854 he had very

little choice."

Bradlaugh lectured at Sheffield in 1858, and went there again and again. "Sheffield almost adopted the young Iconoclast' as their own" (p. 119). A perusal of any of the lives of Bradlaugh will show that the Sheffield

36, Claremont Road, Highgate.

Surely MR. HARRY HEMS is wrong in saying that at one period of his life Mr. Holyoake lectured under the name of Iconoclast. Every person of middle age or upwards, who has taken any interest in the political and theological controversies of the middle of last century, will be aware, that at that time the late Charles Bradlaugh, M.P., was known by the above assumed name. I have in my possession a small pamphlet, Autobiography of Mr. C. Bradlaugh,' in which the author gives a sketch of his life-mainly relating to matters theological-up to the early seventies. On p. 8 he says:

the efforts which were afterwards made to ruin me, "It was then [1853] I, to in some degree avoid took the name 'Iconoclast,' under which all my anti-theological work down to 1868 was done." ABM. NEWELL.

Longfield Road, Todmorden.

My almost lifelong friend Mr. Henry Gough, barrister of the Middle Temple, and well known as an historical and heraldic antiquary, now living at Redhill in his eighty-fourth year, was one of the great army of special constables in London in 1848. He still retains one of two batons given to him; it is of oak, 18 inches long and 4 round. His period of service was supposed to last for one year.

Ducklington, Witney.

W. D. MACRAY.

GEORGE III.'s DAUGHTERS (10th S. iv. 167, 236, 291, 336, 493; v. 37).-M. LE COMMANDANT REBOUL may perhaps find further information by consulting The Correspondence of the Princess Lieven and Lord Grey' (3 vols., 1890). In a letter dated 4 February, 1829 (a month previous to that quoted by M. LE COMMANDANT), the Princess writes:

"I have heard a horrible business talked about in the matter of the Duke of Cumberland], and They say a certain person named Garth intends to the relations existing between him and his sister. publish documentary proof of the affair. In this I judge without knowing the evidence and off-hand—

it must be an infamous calumny, for I never shall give credit to unnatural horrors."—Vol. i. p. 240. At p. 358 in the same volume further reference to the same affair is made by the Princess in another letter.

It is no cause for surprise that the author or authors of the (so called) 'Secret History of the Court of England' made the most of this matter, and that reference to the subject was also made in The Examiner, one of the organs of the extreme Radical party. Perhaps some further enlightenment could be obtained from the MS. note-books of Charles Molloy Westmacott, editor of The Age, which were sold after his death in 1868. Are these still in existence? R. L. MORETON.

Summus Arithmeticus? Smithus. Legumque peritus:
Ante alios? Smithus. Physicus celeberrimus? Ohe!
Smithus multiscius. Morum Vitæque Magister
Optimus? Et Smithus.

On p. 39 there is an "elegant Latin
Epistle, which was drawn up by the exquisite
Pen of Ascham their Orator," addressed to
Smith, in which he ("Clarissime Smithe ") is
called upon to protect the interests of the
University of Cambridge by every tie of duty
and gratitude. Dr. Byng, Regius Professor
of the Civil Law in Cambridge, wrote an
epitaph (p. 240) on the statesman's death, of
which I give the first two lines:-
Hic sistas celerem gradum, Viator,
Magno Funera dum Smitho parantur.
Besides "Smithus," we have "Smithius,"
which Leland employs in a poem in honour of
Sir Thomas" while he flourisht in the Univer-
sity" (p. 239), from which I quote a couplet ::
Doctorum celebras, Smithi, Monumenta Virorum
Ardenti studio, et Dexteritate pari.

PEACOCK AS A CHRISTIAN SYMBOL (10th S. v. 69, 130, 177).-At the penultimate reference I confessed my ignorance of the meaning of "peacock enkakyll." The last word is a ghost word, and what is meant is clearly a "peacock in hakyll," ie., in hackle. "Hackle" This may be a printer's error, the being here evidently stands for feathers in general, put instead of the e; but if Leland did use and not merely for neck-feathers, though the form "Smithius," he is not to be this wider meaning is not given in any dic- imitated, for all contemporary authority is tionary I have seen. "Pekok in hakell' was against him. Smith, therefore, should be the third dish of the second course at the latinized as Smithus. JOHN T. CURRY. marriage feast of King Henry VII. (Camden Soc., 1 S. xxxvii. 115). It may be of interest to mention that about that time a peacock was worth 18., a swan 3s. 4d., a goose 5d, and a heron 4d; while chickens, woodcock, and teal cost a penny each, and you could get five snipe for 2d. and a dozen larks for 3d. (ibid., p. 96). JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

The peacock was used in church embroidery in the reign of our first Danish king:

"Moreover, Cnut took a journey to the church of Glastonbury, that he might visit the remains of his brother Edmund, as he used to call him; and having finished his prayers, he placed over his tomb a pall, interwoven, as it appeared, with parti-coloured figures of peacocks."- The Church Historians of England.' vol. iii. part i., containing 'The History of the Kings of England, and of his own Times, by William of Malmesbury,' p. 174.

M. P.

"SMITH" IN LATIN (10th S. iv. 409, 457; v. 13, 73, 152).—In Strype's Life of the Learned Sir Thomas Smith, Kt., Doctor of the Civil Law; Principal Secretary of State to King Edward the Sixth, and Queen Eliza. beth' (London, 1698, p. 25), we find the following lines, composed by Gabriel Harvey after the death of that celebrated scholar and statesman in 1577 :

Quis primus Rhetor? Smithus. Quis maximus
Hermes

Linguarum? Smithus. Geometres? Smithus et idem.

DOUBTFUL PRONUNCIATIONS (10th S. v. 147). The question raised herein is as old as the hills, and promises to be as eternal. When I was a boy we looked to the clergy as Yet in one authorities in pronunciation. parish the parson would tell us to "ack-nolledge and confess," and in the next parish we were bidden to "ack-no-ledge and confess." No. 1 would read his first lesson from Deuter

on omy;

No. 2 would announce it as from Deutero-no-my; while about half the clergy said "either" and the other half "eether." And there we were, and there we are! A venerable story up here in the north makes a pit lad ask his father which is right, "either" or "eether," and the father answers that "owther" will do. But is DR. SMYTHE wroth" are PALMER sure that "troth" and generally pronounced riming with froth"? In over sixty years' literary experience I have never once heard them pronounced otherwise than as put by Byron in the 'Episode of Nisus and Euryalus' from the 'Eneid':

as

66

Now, by my life!-my sire's most sacred oath-
To thee I pledge my full, my firmest troth.
RICHD. WElford.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Is tryst long or short? Is not troth still pronounced to rime with both? It surely is. in the marriage service, and it is not often