branches of the Red sea, are famous as scenes of miracles recorded in the Bible. On Sinai, Moses received the Ten Commandments.

19. Ezion-Ge'ber, was noted as the port from which Solo mon's vessels sailed for Ophir; Midian, as the residence of Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses.

ASSYRIA, CHALDEA, PERSIA, MEDIA

1. Assyr'ia, Chalde'a or Babylo'nia, Per'sia, Me'dia, and Par'thia were some of the most celebrated and powerful oriental empires of antiquity; but their extent and boundaries were very different at different times.

2. Nineveh, the capital of the empire of Assyria, situated on the Tigris, opposite to the site of the modern city of Mosul, was one of the largest and most splendid cities in the world, surrounded by magnificent walls, and famous both in sacred and profane history.

3. Babylon, the capital of Babylonia or Chaldea, and alSo, at certain periods, of the Assyrian empire, stood on both sides of the Euphrates, was one of the most renowned cities of antiquity, and famous for its walls, which were reckoned one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The ruins of this city are now seen in the neighborhood of Helleh.

4. Ecbat'ana, supposed to have been on the site of the modern city of Hamadan, was the capital of Media, and a splendid city.

5. Persepolis, once the capital of Persia, was noted for its splendor, and its destruction by Alexander; and its ruins

19. What is said of Ezion-Geber and Midian?

ASSYRIA, CHALDEA, &c.—1. What is said of Assyria, Chaldea, Persia, &c.? 2. What of Nineveh? 3. Babylon? 4 Ecbatana? 5. Persepolis and Susa?

See Map of the Roman Empire - What countries were situated between the Euxine and Caspian seas? What mountains? How was Mesopotamia situated? Syria? Media? Palestine? Phoenicia? Armenia? Arabia? Palestine ? Iberia? Asi

atic Sarmatia? What rivers flowed into the Caspian? Into the Palus Mootis? Into the Euxine, on the north?

How was Artaxata situated? Cyta? Tigianocerta? Nineveh? Babylon? Ecbatana? Ctesiphon? Talmyra? Damascus? Antioch? Tyre? Jerusalem? Ez on-Geber?

Mount Sinai ?

Midian:

What were sonie of the towns on the east coast of the Mediterranean? On the Euphrates? On the Tigris?

D

are now seen near Estachar; Su'sa, (in the Bible Shushan,) now Shuster, or Shus, was the winter residence of the Persian kings.

6. Ctesiphon, now Al Modain, was noted as one of the capitals of Parthia, and for its magnificent palace; Hecatom'pylos, now Damegan, was another capital of Parthia.

7. Arbela, now Erbil, was noted for giving name to a great victory which Alexander gained over Darius on the plains of Gaugame'la; Cunax'a, for a battle in which Cyrus was slain, and as the place from which Xenophon retreated with 10,000 Greeks.

6. What is said of Ctesiphon and Hecatompylos? 7. Arbela and Cunaxa?

AFRICA.

EGYPT.

1. Egypt was divided into Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt; and between these two divisions, there was a sinall district called Heptan'omis.

2. Lower Egypt, which includes the country intersected by the mouths of the Nile, is called the Della; Upper Egypt was also called the Theb'a-is, or Theb'a-id, from the great city of Thebes.

3. Egypt, which is celebrated for its great antiquity, has been styled the cradle of learning; it could boast of attainments in the arts at a period when Greece and Italy were in a state of barbarism; and it now exhibits many monuments of ancient magnificence and refinement.

4. The celebrated Nile, the only river in Egypt, formerly flowed into the sea by seven mouths; but only two of them are now of much importance.

5. Memphis, once the capital of Egypt, situated near the site of the modern capital, Cairo, was long since entirely destroyed.

6. Alexan'dria, founded by Alexander the Great, was the capital of Egypt, under the Ptolemies, and noted for having once been the most commercial city in the world, and a

EGYPT.1. How is Egypt divided? 2. What is said of Lower and of Upper Egypt 3. For what is Egypt celebrated? 4. What is said of the Nile? 5. Memphis 6. Alexandria ›

great seat of learning; and also for its Pharos, or watchtower, sometimes reckoned one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

7. Some of the other towns of Lower Egypt were Sa'is, noted for having been the capital; Hero-op'olis, as the residence of the ancient shepherd kings; On or Heliop'olis, for a temple of the Sun; Cano'pus, now Aboukir, for a temple of Sera'pis; Pelu'sium, now Tineh, as the bulwark and key of the country.

8. Thebes, the capital of Upper Egypt, or the Thebaid, was a magnificent city, famous for its hundred gates. It was destroyed before the period of the commencement of authentic profane history; yet its site is still covered with most magnificent ruins of temples and other edifices.

9. Arsin'o-e, or Crocodilopolis, near lake Ma'ris, was famous for the labyrinth, which contained 3,000 chambers, in which the kings and sacred crocodiles were buried.

10. Some of the other towns in Upper Egypt were Aby'dos, famous for the temple of Osiris and the palace of Memnon; Cop'tos, as an emporium of Arabian and Indian commodities; Ten'tyra, now Dendera, for temples of Isis and Venus; Sye'ne, for a well, the bottom of which, at the time of the summer solstice, was illuminated, the sun being exactly perpendicular over it.

11. Some of the most remarkable antiquities now found in Egypt, are the Pyramids, the Obelisks, the Sphinx, the Catacombs, or Mummy-pits, and numerous ruins of Temples and other splendid edifices.

12. The Pyramids are the most remarkable monuments of ancient art that now remain ; but history furnishes no authentic information respecting the time or the object of their erection.

13. The Sphinx, which is situated near one of the Pyramids, is a statue of a huge monster, cut in solid rock, having the face of a virgin and the body of a lion.

14. The Land of Goshen, the country occupied by the Israelites, in Egypt, is supposed to have been in the northeastern part.

7 What other towns in Lower Egypt? 8. What is said of Thebes? 9. Arsinoe? 10. What other towns in Upper Egypt? 11 What remarkable antiquities are there in the country? 12. What is said of the Pyramids? 13. The Sphinx? 14. Where was the Land of Goshen?

See Map of the Roman Empire. How was Egypt situated? Libya? Africa? Numidia Mauritania? What river in Egypt? Lake? How was Memphis situated? Alexandria? Thebes? Oasis Magna? Oasis Parva? Canopus? Pelusium? Arsinoe? Tentyra?

786

EXTENT OF ANCIENT EMPIRES.

8. The ROMAN EMPIRE, at the end of the Republic, com prehended all Italy, great part of Gaul, part of Britain, Africa Proper, great part of Spain, Illyria, Istria, Liburnia, Dalmatia, Achaia, Macedonia, Dardania, Masia, Thrace, Pontus, Armenia, Cilicia, Judea, Syria, Egypt.

9. Under the Emperors, the following countries were reduced to Roma Provinces:

All Spain, the Alpes Maritimæ, Piedmont, &c., Rhætia, Noricum, Panuonia, Moesia, Pontus, Armenia, Assyria, Arabia, Egypt.

10. Constantius Chlorus and Galerius divided the Empire into EASTERN and WESTERN; and under Constantine, each empire had a distinct capital or seat of government.

11. The extent of each division was fluctuating from time to time; but, in general, the WESTERN EMPIRE comprehended Italy, Illyria, Africa, Spain, the Gauls, Britain.

12. The EASTERN EMPIRE Comprehended Egypt, Thrace, Ducia, Macedonia, Asia Minor, Pontus, Armenia, Assyria, Media, &c.

13. The EMPIRE OF CHARLEMAGNE, A. D. 800, compre hended France, Marca Hispanica (or Navarre and Catalo nia), Majorca, Minorca, and Ivica, Corsica, Italy, as far south as Naples, Istria, Liburnia, Dalmatia, Rhætia, Vindelicia, Noricum, Germany, from the Rhine to the Oder, and to the shores of the Baltic.

France contained, 1. Neustria, comprehending Brittany, Normandy, Isle of France, Orleannois; 2. Austria, comprehending Picardy and Champagne; 3. Aquitania, conprehending Guienne and Gascony; 4. Burgundia, comprehending Burgundy, Lyonnois, Languedoc, Dauphiné, Pro

SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.

CHAPTER I.

Geography of the Early Ages; with Explanatory Remarks.

1. Scripture or Sacred Geography is that part of Ancient Geography, which treats of the countries and places that are mentioned in the Bible.

2. The historical parts of the Scriptures relate almust wholly to the Israelites, and to nations whose history was, in some way, connected with that of the Israelites.

3. No one of the four quarters of the world, as they are now understood, is mentioned in the Bible.

4. The term Asia, as used in the New Testament, sometimes denotes a small district round the city of Eph'esus, and sometimes the proconsular province of Asia, which comprised Mys'ia, Phryg'ia, Lyd'ia, and Ca'ria ; but never more than Asia Minor.

5. The Mediterra'nean Sea is called in the Bible the Great Sea; and most of the countries mentioned in the Scriptures either bordered upon it, or were situated not far distant; some of the most remote were Chalde'a, Per'sia, and Me'dia.

6. The other seas, which are much spoken of, are the Red Sea, the Sea of Sodom or Dead Sea, and the Sea of Galilee; the last two of which are comparatively small. But no one of the five great oceans of modern geography is mentioned in the Bible.

7. The three great rivers, which are found within the limits of that portion of the globe which is embraced by Scripture Geography, are the Nile in Africa, and the Euphra'tes and Tigris in Asia. The Hid'dekel, mentioned

CHAPTER I.-1. What is Scripture or Sacred Geography? 2. To what people do the historical parts of the Scriptures relate 3. Is either of the four quarters of the globe mentioned in the Bi ble? 4. What does the term Asia denote in the New Testament? 5. What is said of the Mediterranean Sea? 6 What other seas? 7. What rivers ?