the first victory of Alexander over the Persians; the Her mus and Pacto'lus, for flowing over golden sand; the Scaman'der, Xan'thus, and Si'mo-is, as small rivulets flowing through the plain of Troy.

8. In Troas, between Mount Ida and the sea, was Troy or Ilium, famous for a siege of ten years, which it sustained against the Greeks, and which has been immortalized by the genius of Homer.

9. In Mysia, were Per'gamus, on the Ca-i'cus, once the capital of a kingdom, noted as the royal city of Eu'menes, as the birthplace of Galen, and for its great library; Lamp'sacus, for the worship of Pria'pus; Siga'um, for the tomb of Achilles; Aby'dos, opposite to Sestos; As'sos and Adramyt'lium, mentioned in the travels of St. Paul.

10. Ephesus, in Ionia, was anciently a large and splendid city, the capital of the proconsular province of Asia, memorable in the travels and epistles of St. Paul, noted as the seat of one of the Seven Churches mentioned by St. John, and for the temple of Diana, one of the seven wonders of the world.

11. Smyrna, anciently a rich commercial city, and now the largest in Natolia, was noted as one of the seven cities that claimed the honor of giving birth to Homer. The whole seven are enumerated in the following line : "Smyrna, Chios, Colophon, Salamis, Rhodus, Argos, Athenœ.”

12. Mile'tus, once the capital of Ionia, a large city, was noted for its great commerce, for a temple and oracle of Apollo, as the birthplace of Thales, one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece, and of Anaximander.

13. Some other towns in Ionia were Myc'a-le, noted for a victory of the Greeks over the Persians; Erythræ, as the residence of one of the Sibyls; Prie'ne, as the birthplace of Bias, one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece; Te'os, as

8. What is said of Troy? 9. What towns were there in Mysia? 10. What is said of Ephesus? 11. Smyrna? 12. Miletus? 13. What other towns in Ionia, and for what noted?

See Map of Asia Minor. - What sea was on the north of Asa Minor? What one south? What one west? How was Propontis situated? What strait connected the Propontis with the gean sea? What connected it with the Euxine? What islands lay west of Asia Minor? What island south? What countries of Asia Minor were situated on the Euxine? What ones on the Egean sea? What ones on the Mediterranean? What ones in the interior? What rivers flowed into the Egman sea? What ones into the Euxine? What ones into the Mediterranean? What ones into the Propontis'

the birthplace of the poet Anacreon; Clazom'en-e, as the pirthplace of Anaxag'oras; Col'ophon, as one of the towns which contended for the birth of Homer, and for the Colophonian cavalry.

14. In Lyd'ia, werc Sar'dis, the capital, noted as the residence of the proverbially rich king Croesus; Philadelphia, and Thyati'ra, together with Sardis, as seats of three of the Seven Churches; Magne'sin, for the defeat of Anti'ochus the Great by Scipio.

15. The capital of Caria was Halicarnas'sus, famous for its Mausoleum, the tomb of king Mauso lus, accounted one of the Seven Wonders of the World, also the birthplace of Herod'otus, the father of history, Dionysius Halicarnassen'sis, the historian and critic, and Heracli'tus, the weeping philosopher. Cni'dus was noted for a statue of Venus, and for a battle between the Athenians and Spartans.

16. In Lycia, was Put'ara, noted for an oracle of Apollo. 17. In Pamphylia and Pisidia, were Attalia, Per'ga, and An'tioch, mentioned in the travels of St. Paul.

18. In Cilicia, were Tarsus, the capital, on the Cydnus, once a large city, noted for the arts and sciences, and as the birthplace of St. Paul; Is'sus, for a great victory of Alexander over Darius; Anchi'a-le, for the tomb of the effeminate king Sardanapa'lus.

19. In Phrygia, were Laodice'a, the seat of one of the seven churches of Asia; Colos'se, to whose inhabitants St. Paul addressed an espistle; Hierap'olis, noted for hot-baths; Ip'sus, for a famous battle between the surviving generals of Alexander, in which Antig'onus was defeated and slain. 20. The eastern part of Phrygia was called Lycao'nia, in which were Ico'nium, Der'be, and Lys'tra, mentioned in the travels of St. Paul.

21. In Galatia, were Ancy'ra, now Angora, and Gor'dium, where Alexander cut the Gordian knot.- To the Galatians, the inhabitants of this country, St. Paul addressed an epistle.

22. In Bithynia, were Nicome'dia, the capital, now Ismid; Nice, now Isnik, also once the capital, noted for the first general council, which framed the Nicene Creed; Prusa, now Bursa; Chalce'don, famous for a council against the Eutych'ians; Libys'sa, for the tomb of Hannibal; Heracle'a, for its naval importance.

23. In Paphlagonia, was Sino'pe, which was the capital

14. What ones in Lydia? 15. Caria? 16 Lycia? 17. Pamphy lia and Pisidia? 18. What towns in Cilicia? 19. Phrygia' 21. Galatia? 22. Bithynia? 23. Paphla

20. Lycaonia?
gonia ›

of the kingdom of Pontus in the time of Mithrida'tes, and was the birthplace of Diog'enes, the Cynic philosopher.

24. In Pontus, were Ama'sia, noted as the birthplace of Mithridates the Great, and Strabo the geographer; Trape'zus, now Trebisond, as a place of renown under the empe rors of the Eastern empire; Cer'asus, now Keresoun, for giving name to cherries, which were first brought from this place to Rome; Themis'cyra, as a town of the Amazons. Zela or Zelia, as the place where Cæsar defeated Pharnaces with such rapidity, that he wrote the account of his victory to the senate in these three words, " Veni, vidi, vici,” I came, I saw, I conquered.

25. In Cappadocia, were Maz'aca, the capital; Coma'na, noted for a temple of Bello'na; Ty'ana, as the birthplace of the impostor Apollonius; Nazianzus, as the birthplace of Gregory Nazianzen.

26. Cyprus, a large and fertile island off the coast of Cili cia, was anciently sacred to Venus.

27. Some of the towns of Cyprus were Sal'amis, noted as the chief city; Pa'phos, for the worship of Venus; and Cilium, as the birthplace of the stoic philosopher Zeno.

COLCHIS, ARMENIA, MESOPOTAMIA, SYRIA,

ARABIA.

1. COLCHIS, situated east of the Euxine sea, was famous as the scene of the Argonautic expedition, in search of the golden fleece, which was fabled to be guarded by bulls that breathed fire, and by a dragon that never slept.

2. One of the principal rivers was the Pha'sis, now Rione, from which the Argonauts are said to have brought away some large birds, hence called pheasants.

3. The chief towns of Colchis were 'a, the capital, and Cy'la, noted for poisonous herbs, and for the birth of the sorceress Mede'a.

24. What towns in Pontus? 25. Cappadocia? 26. What is said of Cyprus? 27. What towns?

COLCHIS, ARMENIA, &C. - 1. What is said of Colchis? 2. What river? 3. Towns?

See Map of Asia Minor. How was Troy situated? Pergamus? Nice? Prusa? What towns were on the Propontis? What ones on the Hellespont? How was Smyrna situated? Sardis? Philadelphia? Ephesus? Miletus? Halicarnassus? Patera? Tarsus? Issus? Iconium? Ipsus? Laodicea? Gordium? Heraclea? Sinope? Amasia? Trapezus? Zela? Cerasus? Mazaca? How is the island of Cyprus situated? Salamis? Paphos? Citium?

4. ARMENIA is a mountainous country, and contains the famous mountain Ar'arat, on which the ark has, by many, been supposed to have rested after the flood.

5. The Euphrates and Tigris, two of the largest and most celebrated rivers that were known to the ancients, have their sources in Armenia. In the eastern part was lake Arsis's, now Van.

6. The principal towns were Artar'ata, the capital; Ami'da, now Diarbekir; Tigranocer'ta, noted for its capture by Lucullus, who here found great treasure.

7. MESOPOTAMIA received its name from its situation be tween the two rivers, the Euphrates and Tigris.

8. Some of the towns were Edes'sn, now Ourfa, supposed by many to have been Ur of the Chaldees; Car'ra (called Harun and Charran in the Bible), now Heren, noted as the place from which Abraham departed for Canaan, also for Sabianism, or the worship of heavenly bodies, and for the defeat and death of Crassus; Nisibis and Circe'sium, once important frontier towns of the Roman empire

9. SYRIA comprehended all the country lying between the Mediterranean and Mesopotamia and Arabia, including

4. What is said of Armenia 5. What rivers? 6. Towns? 7. What is said of Mesopotamia? 8. What towns? 9. What is said of Syria?

30

MESOPOTAMIA, SYRIA, ARABIA

Phoenicia and Palestine. see Scripture Geography.

- For a description of the latter

10. The principal mountains are those of Leb'anon, or Lib'anus, and Antilib'anus; the largest rivers, the Euphra'tes and Oron'tes.

11. Damascus, once the capital of the kingdom of Syria, and one of the most ancient cities in the world, is celebrated in both sacred and profane history; and it is noted for giving name to the damascene or damson plum, the demask iose, and damask silks and linens.

12. Antioch, near the mouth of the Orontes, was once a very large and splendid city, and the residence of the Macedonian kings of Syria.

13. Palmy'ra, supposed to be the same city as Tadmor in the wilderness, is famous for having been the residence of queen Zenobia, who had for her secretary Longinus, and who was taken captive by the Roman emperor Aurelian. Here, and also at the site of Heliopolis, now Balbec, are now found most magnificent ruins of temples of the Sun and other edifices.

14. Smos'ata, was noted as the birthplace of Lucian, Hierapolis, now Bombouch, for the worship of the Syrian goddess Atar'gatis; Eme sa, now Hens, for a temple of Heliogabalus or the Sun; Apame'a, now Famieh, and Epiphania, now Hamah, as important cities; Daph'nc, a grove near Antioch, for the worship of Venus.

15. The chief cities of Phanicia, were Tyre, now Sur, and Si'don, now Saida, both famous in history, and noted for their antiquity and for commerce. - The Phoenicians

were the reputed inventors of glass, purple, and coinage; and the invention of letters has also been attributed to them, as well as to the Egyptians.

16. ARABIA is commonly considered as divided into three parts, namely, Arabia Petræa, or Stony, Arabia Deserta, or Desert, and Arabia Felix, or Happy.

17. Arabia Petræa, comprising the northwest portion of the country, and bordering on the northern parts of the Red sea, is noted for being the region in which the Israelites passed 40 years, in their journeyings from Egypt to Ca

naan.

18. Mounts Si'nai and Horeb, between the northern

10. What is said of mountains and rivers? 11. What is said of

Damascus? 12. Antioch? 13. Palmyra? 14. What other towns, and for what noted? 15. What cities in Phoenicia? 16. How is Arabia divided? 17. What is said of Arabia Petræa? 18. What of mounts Sinai and Horeb ?