10. Some of the towns in His'tria and Vene'tia, were Terges'te, now Trieste; Aquile'ia, famous for having been the residence of some of the Roman emperors, and for an obstinate resistance against Attila, the king of the Huns; Pata'vium, now Padua, noted as the birthplace of the historian Livy; Vero'na, as the birthplace of the poet Catullus and Pliny the naturalist, and for its amphitheatre; Triden'tum, now Trent.

11. West of Venetia and north of the Po, were Man'tua, near which was the village of An'des, noted as the birthplace of the poet Virgil; Co'mum, now Como, as the birthplace of the younger Pliny; Brix'ia, now Brescia; Mediola'num, now Milan: Ticinum, now Pavia; Augus'ta Taurino'rum, now Turin.

12. To the south of the Po, were Placentia, now Piacenza; Mu'tina, now Modena, noted for the siege of Brutus by Antony; Bono'nia, now Bologna; Parma; also Raven'na, noted for having been the seat of the emperors of the Western Empire, and for its ancient port and arsenal, though it is now three miles from the sea.

13. In Liguria, were Gen'ua, now Genoa; Mona'cus, now Monaco; and Nice.

ITALY PROPer.

14. Italy Proper comprised Etruria, Umbria, Picenum, Latium, Sam'nium, Campania, Apulia, Lucania, or Enotria, Calabria, and the Bruttii. A considerable portion of the south of Italy was called Magna Græcia, because it contained many Greek colonies.

15. Some of the largest rivers were the Tiber, famous for passing by the city of Rome; the Arnus, now Arno; the Vulturnus, now Volturno; and the Aufilus, now OfanLake Thrasyme'nus or Trasime'nus, now Perugia, is noted for a victory of Hannibal.

to.

16. Some of the principal towns of Etruria, were Pi'sa now Pisa, once noted for commerce; Floren'tia, now Florence; Luca, now Lucca; Clu'sium, famous for its siege by the Gauls, under Brennus; Veii, for having been a rival of Rome, and for its capture by Camillus.

17. In Umbria, were Arim'inum, now Rimini; Spole'tium, now Spoleto; Interam'na, noted as the birthplace of the historian Tacitus.

18. In Pice'num, were Anco'na; As'culum, now Ascoli

10. What towns in Histria and Venetia? 11. What ones west of Venetia and north of the Po? 12. What ones south of the Po? 13. What ones in Liguria? 14. What did Italy Proper comprise? 15. What rivers? 16. What towns in Etru ria 17. In Umbria? 18. In Picenum?

B*

noted for the defeat of Pyrrhus by Fabricius; Sul'mo, now Sulinona, as the birthplace of the poet Ovid; on the south border was Tibur, now Tivoli, famous for its villas.

19. In Latium, was the great city of Rome, situated on the Tiber, and built on seven hills. It was the capital of the Roman Empire, to which it gave name, and was, for a long time, the largest and most powerful city in the world, and renowned in arts and arms. It now contains many monuments of its ancient greatness, the most remarkable of which is the Colise'um.

20. The seven hills on which Rome was built, were the Palatine, Capitoline, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Cœlian, and Aventine.

21. On the Capitoline hill the Capitol was built; and here also was the Tarpe'ian Rock, down which the Romans threw their condemned criminals.

22. Some other towns of Latium, were Os'tia, noted as the port of Rome; Alba Lon'ga, for having been once a rival of Rome; Ar'dea, as the capital of the Ru'tuli; An'tium and Prænes'te, for temples of Fortune the former also as the capital of the Volsci; Tusculum, for a villa of Cicero; Arpi'num, as the birthplace of Marius and Cicero.

23. Cap'ua, the capital of Campania, was noted as a luxurious city; Neap'olis, now Naples, first called Parthen'ope, from the name of one of the Sirens who is fabled to have lived there, was the favorite residence of Virgil.

24. Some of the other towns of Campania and Samnium, were Cu'ma, noted as the residence of the Cumæan Sibyl; Pute oli and Ba'iæ, (near the lake and cave of Aver'nus, where was the fabulous descent to hell,) for baths and mineral waters; Beneven'tum, now Benevento, for the defeat of Pyrrhus, and for remains of ancient sculpture; Al'lifæ, for pottery; ; Falernum, for wine; Vena'frum, for olives, Cau'dium, for the ignominious defeat of the Romans by the Samnites; No'la, for the defeat of Hannibal, and the invention of bells; Herculaneum and Pompeii, for their destruction by au eruption of Vesuvius.

25. In Apulia, were Can'na, celebrated for the greatest victory of Hannibal over the Romans; Venu'sia, as the birthplace of the poet Horace; Luce'ria, for wool.

26. In Calabria, were Brundu'sium, now Brin'disi, noted for its harbor, as the place of embarkation to Greece, and

19. What towns in Latium? 20 On what hills was Rome built? 21. What is said of Capitoline hill? 22. What other towns in Latium? 23. What is said of Capua and Neapolis? 24. What other towns in Campania and Samnium? 25. What towns in Apulia? 26. In Calabria ›

for the death of Virgil; Taren'tum, now Tarento, for commerce; Mati'num, for bees.

27. In Luca'nia, were Pas'tum, once noted for roses now for ruins; Metapon'tum, for a school of Pythagoras; Sybaris, for the effeminacy of its inhabitants.

28. In the Bruttii, were Croto'na, noted for a school of Pythagoras; Metaurus, a town and small river, for the defeat of the Carthaginian General As'drubal.

29. The four principal Roman Roads were the Vi'a Ap'pia, from Rome by Capua to Brundusium; the Via Flamin'ia, from Rome to Ariminum; the Vi'a Aurelia, by the coast of Etruria, to Liguria and Gaul, near Nice; and the Vila Clau'dia, which branched off from the Via Flaminia, near Rome, and proceeding through the more inland part of Etruria, joined the Via Aurelia at Luca.

ITALIAN ISLANDS.

30. SICILY, the largest and most important island in the Mediterranean, was, on account of its fertility, esteemed one of the granaries of the Roman Empire.

31. It was anciently called Sica'nia, from the Sica'ni, who at one period possessed it; and Trina'cria, from its having three promontories at its three angles, Pelo'rum, in the north, Pachy'num, in the south, and E'ryx, or Lilybœ'um, in the west.

32. Each of the promontories had a celebrated temple; at Pelorun was that of Neptune; at Pachynum, that of Apollo; and near Lilybæum, on Mount Eryx, that of Venus.

33. Near the east end of Sicily is the famous volcano of Mount Ætna, which has been celebrated from the earliest ages, and which was represented by the ancient poets as the forge of Vulcan, the god of fire, who here employed his workmen, the Cyclops, in fabricating thunderbolts for Jupiter.

34. The poets also fabled that_the giant Typhœ'us, or Typhon, was buried under Sicily, Pelorum and Pachynum being placed on each arm, Lilybæum on his feet, and Etna on his head ; and that the earthquakes and eruptions of the mountain were caused by his attempts to move.

35. Mount Hy'bla, north of Syracuse, was famous for

27. What towns in Lucania? 28 In the Bruttii? 29. What were the four principal Roman roads? 30. What is said of Sicily? 31. By what other names was it known? 32. What temples were on the three promontories? 33. What is said of Mount Etna? 34. What else was fabled by the poets 15. What is said of Mount Hybla and the plain of Enna?

honey; the plain of En'na, and the lake Pergus, in the interior, for the carrying away of Proserpine, by Pluto, to the shades below.

36. The whirlpool of Charyb'dis, on the coast of Sicily, in the Sicilian strait, and the promontory or high rock of Scylla, opposite to it on the shore of Italy, were proverbial among the ancients as objects of terror; but they are now little dreaded.

37. Syracuse, the ancient metropolis of Sicily, was a great, commercial, and powerful city, memorable for the defeat of the Athenians, for its siege by the Romans, and for the exploits of Archime'des in its defence.

38. Some of the other towns were Agrigen'tum, now Girgenti, noted for a temple of Jupiter; Lilyba'um, now Marsala, for its siege by the Romans in the first Punic war; Cal'ana, now Catania, for a temple of Ceres; Drep'anum, now Trapani, for the death of Anchi'ses; Agyr'i um, as the birthplace of Diodo'rus Sic'ulus; Panor'mus, now Palermo; Messa'na, now Messina; Leonti'ni, now Lentini.

39. SARDINIA was called by the Greeks Ichnu'sa, from the fancied resemblance of its form to the print of a foot.

40. It was noted for its unwholesome air and bitter herbs; and from its inhabitants, the forced or grinning laugh, called the Sardonic, took its name. The principal town was Car alis, now Cagliari.

41. Corsica, called by the Greeks Cyr'nos, was noted for its yew trees and bitter honey.

42. Mellite, or Melita, now Malta, was noted for the shipwreck of St. Paul on his voyage to Rome.

43. The Eolian Islands, now Lipari Islands, were nam

36. What is said of Charybdis and Scylla? 37. Syracuse? 38. What other towns? 39. What is said of Sardinia? 40. For what was it noted? 41. What of Corsica? 42. Melite? 43. The Eolian Islands?

See Map of Italy. - How was Tergeste situated? Aquileia? Patavium? Verona? Tridentum? Ravenna? Mantua? Mutina? Placentia? Mediolanum? Comum ? Genua? Nice? Pisa? Præneste? Ardea? Tusculum? Capua? Neapolis? Beneventum? Nola? Canna? Venusia? Brundusium? Tarentum? Metapontum? Sybaris? Crotona? Scylla? In what part of Sicily was the promontory of Pelorum? Pachy. num? Lilybæum? How is Etna situated? Syracuse Ag. rigentum? Panormus? Catana? Enna? Drepanum? n what direction from Sicily was Carthage? In what part of Sar dinia was Caralis?

,

ed from 'olus, the fabled god of the winds, who was said to reside here. They were also called the Vulcanian Islands, from Vulcan, the god of fire, on account of their volcanoes. 44. Between Corsica and Etruria was the island of I'va, now Elbe; near Naples was Ca'prec, now Capri, noted for the cruelties and debaucheries of Tiberius.

1. GREECE, the most renowned country in the world with regard to literature and the arts, was very inconsider able in extent; and, exclusive of Macedonia and Epirus, it little exceeded, in size, the half of the state of New York

2. Its general aspect is rugged and mountainous; but it abounds in beautiful scenery. Its rivers, though much cel ebrated by the poets, are only small streams.

3. It is bounded on all sides by the sea, except the north, its coasts are indented by numerous bays or gulfs; and no country of antiquity was more favorably situated for hold ing commerce with other ancient nations.

4. It comprised many small independent states, which

44. What other islands?

GREECE.-1. What is said of Greece? 2. What of the aspec of the country and what of its rivers? 3. What of its sit nation? 4. What of its political condition'