ing been the residence of Charlemagne, for treaties of peace, and for its warm baths; Mun'ster, for a treaty call ed the Peace of Westphalia; Pots'dam, for its splendid edifices and the palace of Sans Souci; Halle, for its university and salt-works; Wittenberg, for the commencement of the Reformation by Luther; Thorn, as the birthplace of Copernicus; Lut'zen, for a battle in which Gustavus Adolphus was killed; Kun'nersdorf, for the defeat of Frederick the Great; Ey'lau, for a battle between the French and Russians; Til'sit, for a treaty between France and Prussia.

15. Prussia, first erected into a kingdom in 1701, was much distinguished in the history of Europe in the last century, during the reign of Frederick the Great; and it has gradually acquired a great accession of territory.

HANOVER.

1. The kingdom of Hanover lies in the northwest part of Germany, comprising a part of the late circles of Lower Saxony and Westphalia; and it encloses the free city of Bremen, and almost surrounds the grand duchy of Olden burg.

2. The country is advantageously situated, and well watered by the Elbe, Weser, Leine, and Ems; but the soil of most of it is sandy and poor.

3. Hanover consists chiefly of an immense plain, with gentle undulations, except a tract in the south, which is traversed by the Hartz mountains.

4 The Hartz Mountains abound in mines of silver, copper, leud, iron, &c. They are covered with forests, and are remarkable for their picturesque scenery. Brocken, the most celebrated summit, is much visited by travellers on account of its curiosities.

14. What other towns, and for what noted? 15. What notice of the history of Prussia?

HANOVER. 1. What is the situation of Hanover?

2. What is said of the country? 3. What is the surface?

4. What is said of the Hartz mountains?

See Map No. VIII.- What river bounds Hanover on the north east? What rivers water the country?

What small country is nearly surrounded by it? How is the city of Hanover situated? Gottingen? Emden? Luneburg? Osnaburg?

5. HAN'OVER, the capital, is situated on the Leine, and is noted chiefly as the residence of the court; Gottingen, for its university; Em'den, for being the principal port; Os'naburg, for its coarse linens, called osnaburgs; Luneburg, for its salt-works and trade in horses.

SAXONY.

1. Saxony, situated in the central part of Germany, and comprising a portion of the late circle of Upper Saxony, is the smallest kingdom in Europe.

2. It is watered by the Elbe and its branches; has a finely diversified surface; is one of the most fertile and best cultivated portions of Germany, and is distinguished for its manufactures, and for education and literature.

3. The Erzgebirg Mountains, a part of the Sudetic chain, which separates Saxony from Bohemia, contain cel ebrated mines of silver, tin, lead, copper, &c.

4. DRESDEN, the capital, is delightfully situated on the Elbe, and is one of the handsomest towns in Europe, and noted for its polished society, its collections in the fine arts, and its manufacture of porcelain.

5. Leip'sic, on the Pleisse, is famous for its university and its fairs, and for being the greatest place for bookselling in Germany. Leip'sic and Dres'den, and likewise Bautzen, are noted for great battles during the late European war.

6. Freg berg is noted as a mining town; Meis'sen, for porcelain ; and Herrn'hut, as the principal settlement of the Moravians.

FREE CITIES.

1. Germany had formerly a large number of commercial towns, that were associated together under the Hanseatic League; but the title of Hanse Towns has of late been confined to Lubeck', Hamburg, and Brem'en, which, together

5. What towns are there, and for what noted?

SAXONY.-1. What are the situation and extent of Saxony? 2 What is said of it? 3. What of the Erzgebirg mountains? 4. Dresden? 5. Leipsic? 6. What other towns, and for what noted?

FREE CITIES.-1. What is said of the Hanse Towns and Free Cities?

See Map No. VIII. What river crosses Saxony? By what is it separated from Bohemia? How is Dresden situated? Leipsic? Freyberg? Meissen? Bautzen and Herrnhut'

with Frankfort on the Mayne, are now the four Free Cities of Germany.

2. Hamburg, on the Elbe, about 70 miles from its mouth, is noted as the first commercial city in Germany. Lubeck', for having once been the head of the Hanse Towns ; Brem'en, for commerce; and Frankfort on the Mayne, for trade and fairs, and for being the seat of the Germanic Diet.

SMALL GERMAN STATES.

TABULAR VIEW OF THE SMALL GERMAN STATES.

2. What is said of Hamburg, Lubeck, Bremen, and Frankfort?

1. The religion of the principalities of Hohenzo lernSigmaringen, Hohenzollern-Hech'ingen, and Lichtenstein, and of the majority of the inhabitants of the grand-uuchy of Baden, is the Catholic; the prevailing religion of the other states is the Protestant.

2. The government of Oldenburg and Hesse-Homburg is an absolute monarchy; of the free cities, republicanism; and of the other states, limited monarchy.

3. The grand-duchy of Baden, the most considerable of the small states, is watered by the Rhine and Neckar; has generally a good soil and a diversified surface; and the southern part is traversed by the Black Forest or Schwarzwald.

4. The principal towns are CARLSRUHE (karlz-roo'a), the capital of Baden, a handsome town, famous for its being built in the form of an open fan, the streets proceeding as radii from the palace as the centre; Man'heim, noted as a beautiful town; Heidelberg, for its university and the ruins of a magnificent castle; Con'stance, for the council which condemned John Huss and Jerome of Prague.

5. Mentz, in Hesse-Darmstadt, is an ancient town, fa mous for the invention of printing and its strong fortifications; Weimar, in Saxe-Weimar, as a seat of learning, and Jena, for its university, and for a great battle between the French and Prussians; Wisbaden and Seltzer, in Nassau, for mineral waters; Bruns'wick, the capital of the duchy of Brunswick, for fairs.

WURTEMBERG.

1. Wurtemberg, a small kingdom, situated in the south west part of Germany, comprising a part of the late circle

SMALL GERMAN STATES.-1. What is said of the religion of these states? 2. Government? 3. The grand-duchy of Baden? 4. Towns? 5. What towns of other states are mentioned?

WURTEMBERG.-1. What is said of Wurtemberg?

See Map No. VIII.

How is Baden situated? What rivers and mountains? How is Mecklenburg situated? Holstein ? Oldenburg? Hesse-Cassel? Hesse-Darmstadt? Nassau? How is Hamburg situated? Lubeck? Schwerin? Rostock? Strelitz? Bremen? Brunswick? Weimar? Jena? Gotha? Meiningen? Rudolstadt? Hildburghausen? Sondershau sen? Coburg? Cassel? Frankfort? Marburg? Hanau? Wisbaden? Seltzer? Hockheim? Giesen? Darmstadt? Manheim? Worms? Mentz? Carlsruhe? Heidelberg? Freyburg Rastadt? Baden? ?

of Swabia, is watered by the head branches of the Danube and by the Neckar; and the southern parts are traversed by the Black Forest and the Swabian Alps.

2. The surface of the country is agreeably diversified ; and it is one of the most fertile, populous, and best cultivated parts of Germany.

3. The principal towns are STUTT'GARD, the capital; Ulm, noted for its strong fortifications; Tu'bingen, for its university.

4. Near the south of Wurtemberg are the small states of Hohenzollern-Hech'ingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

BAVARIA.

1. Bavaria, a kingdom of considerable size and importance, is situated towards the southwest part of Germany, and is composed of most of the late circles of Bavaria and Franconia.

2. A small portion of the kingdom, entirely separated from the rest, lies on the west side of the Rhine, and is composed of a part of the late Palatinate of the Rhine.

3. Bavaria is separated from Tyrol on the south, and from Bohemia on the northeast, by rugged mountains; but the most of the country is nearly level or moderately uneven, and the soil generally fertile.

4. The country is watered by the Danube and its branches, the Inn, I'ser (e'ser), Il'ler, Lech (lek), and Mayne.

5. MUNICH (Moo'nik), the capital, situated on the Iser, is one of the handsomest cities in Europe, and is distinguished for its university and a celebrated museum cf antiquities and other curiosities.

6. Augsburg, one of the principal trading towns in the interior of Germany, is remarkable for being the place where the Lutheran Confession of Faith was presented to

2. What is said of the surface and soil? 3. What are the principal towns? 4. What small states are near the south of Wurtemberg? BAVARIA.-1. What is said of Bavaria? 2. What portion is separated from the rest? 3. What is said of the surface and soil? 4. Rivers? 5. What is said of Munich? 6. Augsburg and Nuremberg?

See Map No. VIII. On what lake does Wurtemberg border By what rivers is it watered? How is Stuttgard situated Ulm? Tubingen? Hechingen? Sigmaringen?