duced the brother to deliver up the brother to death, with out any bowels or remorfe, or to become his executioner*,

thinking

-Maimbourg

"if he did not retract all, rather than tolerate him longer."narrates the following anecdote of Francis I. which he judges greatly to his honour:-"He went a companied with the queen, the princes, and nobles "of the court, with his head bare, and a flambeau in his hand, in proceffion, "after the holy facrament, carried by the bishop of Pari, from St. Germain "to Notre Dame, to repair the outrage which the Luthero-Zuinglian heretics * had done to the Divine and Royal Majesty, by affixing in the night in Paris, " and even on the gates of the Louvre, their blafphemies against the most holy "mysteries of the Catholic religion, for which he had an incredible zeal, “which he sufficiently discovered on that occafion; for he loudly protested, "with the tears in his eyes, in prefence of that great multitude of perfons of "the first quality who attended at that fplendid ceremony, that he had fuch ab"horrence of that berefy, that he would facrifice even his own children to the Divine Majefty which it attacked, if he knew them to be infected with that plague." Accordingly, at his return from the proceffion, he caufed fix men, convicted of Lutheranism, to be burnt alive-which the Jefuit calls a fevere but most just execution. L'Enfant, Hist, &c. l. iii. no. 6. Geddes, Tracts, vol. i. p. 447. Sleidan, I. ix. Maimb. Hift. du Luther. I. iii. tome i. p. 233.

At Signe, in the beginning of the civil wars of France, a Papist, having found his own fifter, whom he reckoned a heretic, caused her to be violated by the Cordelier who carried the cross, and five or fix others, and afterwards burnt her by hot flaming lard poured upon her skin, John Diaz, a Spaniard, having ftudied divinity for fome time in Paris, became acquainted with the Scriptures and the writings of the reformers, and embraced their doctrine. He went first to Geneva, and cultivated a friendship with Calvin, and afterwards to Strafburg, where he became the intimate friend and colleague of Bucer, who made him accompany him to the diet of Ratifbon in 1546. He had there an interview with Malvenda whom he had formerly known at Paris, who deplored his change, and profeffed the utmoft furprize at finding him engaged in the interefts and fociety of Proteftants, whe would triumph more, he said, in having profelyted one Spaniard than fome thousands of Germans; entreating him to regard his reputation, and not bring fuch a foul stain on himself, his family, and nation, When this had no impreffion, Malvenda endeavoured to work on his fears, reprefenting the great power of the Pope, the dreadful nature of his excommunication, the wrath of Cæfar, &c. But Dłaz, unmoved by all those arts, boldly avowed and vindicated his faith, lamented the m fery and ignorance of his native country, &c. reprehended his feducer, profeffing his refolution to abide in the profeffion of the true religion, whatever dangers it might expofe him to. Whereupon Malvenda defifted, but gave immediately information and complaint against him to the emperor's prieft. Diaz had a b other named Alphonfo, a lawyer in the court of Rome: he alfo having received thefe news of his brother, went in hafte from Rome to Ratisbon, to find him out, and, if poffible,

convert

thinking hereby he did God good fervice. In its undiftidguishing rage it has confounded Catholics with devoted heretics, and involved them together indifcriminately in the

convert him from his herefy. Hearing he was at Newburg, 12 miles from Ratifbon, where he had gone to oversee the publication of a book of Bucer whick was there printing, he pofted thither, and renewed all the arts of Malvenda to perfuade him to change, earnestly inviting him to Rome, and promised him an yearly falary there, if he would comply. But not fucceeding this way, after waiting fome days, the fubtle advocate confeffed he was overcome, pretended the highest love for the evangelic doctrine; but begged his brother would remove with him to Italy, where he might be more ufeful to many, and have a better opportunity of spreading the doctrine of the reformation in Naples, and from thence into his native country. John, overjoyed at the change, confulted his Proteftant friends, who advised him not to hearken to the flattering propo fals. Alphonfo then requested, that his brother would only accompany him fo far as Ausburg; but this he alfo declined. At last Alphonfo took his leave, after profeffions of the most cordial affection, exhorting his brother to conftancy, and declaring himself happy in having by his conversation, in a few days, made fuch proficiency in the true knowledge of God. He entreated him, moreover, to write to him, and obliged him to accept of fome money as a token of his fraternal kindness. Thus with mutual endearments, and a profufion of tears on hoth fides, he went into his chariot and departed. But who will believe the fhocking event! The falfe brother had not gone får on his journey before he ftopped fhort, hired an affaffin, procured a hatchet, prepared a letter, and drové directly back to Newburg, where he arrived early in the morning. Leaving his horfes at the gates, he led the murderer ftraight to the houfe of his brother, and fent him to him with his letter, while he watched at the door, that nothing might prevent the execution of the enterprize. The minifter, hearing of a meffage from his brother, haftily rose out of bed, walked to the next chamber in his cap and night-gown, received the letter from the hand of the meffen. ger, which expreffed great folicitude for his fety, cautioning him to be carefully on his guard against Malvenda, and all fuch enemies of the gospel. But fcarcely had he begun to read, when the ruffian, from behind, ftruck him with the hatchet, and cleft his head in two, even to his fhoulders; fo that he inftantly fell down dead without uttering a word. The affaffin left the hatchet fticking in the body, and fled with the unnatural monfter who employed him. And what is no lefs aftonishing, though the murderers were purfued and taken, yet justice could not be obtained against them; the caufe was protracted by continual delays and evafions, and the emperor at faft fent his order to ftop procedure, pretending to take the caufe entirely into his own hand. Jurieu, etc. 1. ii. ch. 14. Sleidan, Comment. de Statu Rélig. et Reip. Car. V. Caf. I. xvii. p. 490, &c. Maimb. Hift. da Luther. tome i, p. 302. l. ii. Thuan. Moreri,

fame

fame destruction *, chufing rather, that the former should alfo perish, than that the latter fhould efcape; while yet the basest felons have redeemed themfelves from prifon, and the gallows, by the fole merit of feigning to abjure the pretended

* When the army of croifaders, under the Pope's legate, befieged Beziers, and had almost reduced it, the earl of Beziers, who was himself a Papist, went but and fell down at his feet, befeeching him not to punish the innocent with the guilty. He told him, that there were in the city great numbers of good Catholics, who would be ful jected to the fame ruin with the Albigenfes, if the city fhould be taken by form. He defired him to commiferate him now in his minority, who was a moft obedient fervant to the Pope, and had been brought up in the Romish church, in which he would live and die. But the legate told him, that all his excufes availed nothing, nor would he grant any terms, or give any quarter, unless all the Albigenfes would abjure their religion; which, notwithstanding their prefert dinger, and though folicited to it by the Papifts, they refused to do. The Popish party next fent their bishop to the legate, entreating him not to include them in the punishment of the Albigenfes, against whom alore they had taken the cross; adding alfo, that the best way to win the others, was by gentle means, rather than by rigour. But the legate swore in a rage, that, if all the city did not acknowledge their fault, they should all taste of one cup, without diftinction of religion, fex, or age; and immediately ordered his engines to play, and a general affault to be made by 100,000 pilgrims. The city was taken, and fet on fire; 60,000 inhabitants were put to the fword: the priests and monks, with 7000 Papifts, had retired to a church, expecting a milder fate as foon as the pilgrims had got poffeffion of the city, they came forth to meet them with banners and croffes, finging, Te Deum laudamus: but the indulged murderers fell upon them, and cut them all to pieces, the legate exprefsly commanding it, crying out to his holy warriors, Cadite eos omnes; novit enim Dominus qui funt ejus Kill them all, fpare none; for the Lord knoweth them that are his." What precipitant and barbarous zeal! yet the action has found even eulogiums in fome of the Popish hiftorians.

st

It was common language with the bigotted courtiers of Charles IX. "That "the king would not pare his Popish fubjects, fo that he might deftroy the Huguenots;" boafting or the maxim of a tyrant, Pereunt amici, dum una inimici intercidant. About that time, when the rage against the Huguenots ran fo high, as two men were fighting one day in the church-yard of St. Innocent at Paris, he who was not the strongest called his antagonist a Lutheran. That was enough to bring him good affiflance. The people ran in a troop out of the Church, where they were hearing the men of a feditious munk. The poor man, who was as much a Lutheran as a Turk, was infantly affaffinated. A pror and canon of St. Quinin, paffing oy, endeavoured to appease the tumult, and put a stop to that viclence, but he was repaid for that office of charity by the ftroke of a dagger in his belly, befides innumerable wounds which he received

A 2

tended herefy which they never had embraced, and to res turn to that catholicism which they never had renounced *.

In

ved, of which he died upon the spot. In the city of Angers, a man of the Rom fh religion, being very much squeezed at a fermon, began to make elbowroom for himself, and muttered rather too high; that want of respect for the place was a convincing proof of his Lutheranifm: the incenfed 'mob forthwith gave him fo many blows with flools and knives, that he expired in the place. His hoft, not knowing what was become of him, fought for him every where, and at last found his carcafe entirely disfigured; fo that he could know him only by his clothes. He protefted, that on the very day of his death the deceased had been at mass. Guill. Brito Phil. l. viii. p. 192. Pracl. Franc. facin, du Chene, Hift. Franc. tome v. p. 112. Bafnage, I. i. ch. 7. Fur. Apol. I., îì.

ch. 14.

* In the days of the immortal Lewis the converfion of a Huguenot was admitted as a compenfation for almost every crime. The old Count de l'Orge, when clapped up in the Bastile for coining money, this way saved his life. So liberal were the encouragements allotted to a change, that fome rogues, who had not the good fortune to be Proteftants before, feigned to be so, that they might be capable of meriting them." Converfions," fys a writer of that time," are now-a-days in fashion. Every one will be in the mode. Cavaliers, "foldiers, and ladies, as well as our bigots, muft be converters. One told me ◄ lately a pleasant paffage of a common foldier in the garrison of Fribourg, whe "for a confiderable robbery was clapped up in prifon. This fellow was a fubtle "fhaver, and very well perceived there were no hopes of life or mercy for him. "As foon as he was brought into gaol, the first question put to him was about "his religion and you may be fure a thief hath enough of that and to spare. "But, without any hefitation, he profeffeth himself a Huguenot, that is, a "Proteftant, Immediately all the devout perfons in town beftir themselves to "fave the foul of the poor heretic: and who more zealous with him, and for

him, than my Lady Chamilly the governor's wife. This heretic stands out “ against all their afsaults, and refolves to die a martyr for his rel gion. Never "did a martyr defend his caufe better than he. Nay, Monfieur de Chamilly "hath a pang of zeal for the perifhing foul of this wretched Huguenot, and out "of pure compaffion to him vifits him in his dungeon, tells him he is a dead

man as well as damned, if he don't turn Catholic. Eternal damnation doth "not fright him; only the dread of the wheel and halter put him into an ague "fit. He begins to relent: the piety and charity of my loid-governor and his ❝ lady work a miracle upon him: he is willing, provided he may have good "terms, to relinquith his herefy, and go to heaven. But it must be upon fure "grounds--he will have his pardon first, in due form of law, under the king's "hand and feal, that he may not be cheated nor furprized, nor hung up after "he is converted. And they deal (which is a wonder indeed) honestly and hồ"nourably with him: they get him his pardon; he pleads it in court, where "it is accepted, and he is difcharged by open proclamation. No fooner is this

❝ convert

In a word, it has transformed men into demons, taking pleasure in every fpecies of human mifery, inventing and inAlicting an endless variety of pains, and wantonly delighting in a thousand diabolical torments*, fometimes in oppofition to their natural genius and character, and in fpite of philo

convert at large, but he declares to all the world, what a precious convert " he was, who had never been a heretic, but a Roman Catholic all his days." Les derniers Efforts de l'Innocence affligée, p. 176, et 177.

* As fome luxurious emperors of Rome exhausted the whole art of pleasure, fo that a reward was promifed to any who should invent a new one; fɔ have Romish perfecutors exhausted all the art of pain, fo that it will now be difficult to difcover, or conceive a new kind of it, which they have not already practised upon those marked out for heretics. They have been fhor, ftabbed, ftoned, drowned, beheaded, hanged, drawn, quartered, impaled, burnt or buried alive, roafted on spits, baked in ovens, thrown into furnaces, tumbled over precipices, caft from the tops of towers, funk in mire and pits, starved with hunger and cold, hung on tenter-hooks, fufpended by the hair of the head, by the hands, feet, or genitals, stuffed and blown up with gunpowder, ripped with fwords and fickles, tied to the tails of horses, dragged over ftreets and fharp flints, broke on the wheel, beaten on anvils with hammers, blown with bellows, bored with hot irons, torn piecemeal by red-hot pincers, flashed with knives, hacked with axes, hewed with chifels, planed with planes, pricked with forks, stuck from head to foot with pins, choaked with water, lime, rags, urine, excre ments, or mangled pieces of their own bodies crammed down their throats; hut up in caves and dungeons, tied to stakes, nailed to trees, tormented with lighted matches, scalding oil, burning pitch, melted lead, etc. They have been flead alive, had their flesh scraped and torn from their bones; they have been trampled and danced upon till their bowels have been forced out; their guts have been tied to trees, and pulled forth by degrees; their heads twisted with cords, till the blood or even their eyes started out; ftrings have been drawn through their noses, and they led about like fwine, and butchered like sheep. To dig out eyes, tear off nails, to cut off ears, lips, tongues, arms, breafis, etc. has been but ordinary sport with Rome's converters and holy butchers. Perfons have been compelled to lay violent hands on their dearest friends, to kill or caft into the fire their parents, bufbands, wives, children, etc. or to look while they have been moft cruelly and fhamefully abufed. Women and young maids have also suffered fuch barbarities, accompanied with all the imaginable indignities, infults, fhame, and pung nt pangs, to which their fẹx could expose them. Infants have been cut out of the belly, and left to perish in their blood; tender babes whipped, ftarved, drowned, flabbed, and burnt to death; dashed against trees and ftones, torn limb from limb, carried about on the point of pikes and spears, and thrown to the dogs and fwine, etc. etc.

etc.

on,