CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

THE BRITISH CHURCH BEFORE THE MISSION OF AUGUSTINE.

A.D. 286-596.

Introductory remarks. Opposite errors of Protestant historians. Early

traditions and testimonies of ecclesiastical writers. Story of Lucius.

Diocletian's persecution. Martyrdom of Alban. Accession of Con-

stantine. Attendance of British bishops at the Councils of Arles,

Nice, Sardica, and Rimini. Pelagian heresy in Britain. Mission of

Germanus and Lupus. Success of the former. State of the island.

Picts and Scots. Usurpation of Maximus and withdrawing of the

Roman legions. The Saxons. Commonly received account of their

invasion. Opinions of Dr. Lappenberg and Mr. Kemble. Uncertainty

of the ecclesiastical history of Britain of the 5th and 6th centuries.

Gildas the British historian. Welsh sees. Book of Llandaff. Annals

of Wales. David. Monastery of Bangor Iscoed. Ninias, the

missionary to the Picts. See of Whitherne. Fastidius. Neglect of

the Britons to preach the gospel to the Saxons. Irish Church of the

6th century. Its difference from the Church of Rome with respect to

Easter. Its eminent teachers. Patrick. Columba. His monastery at

Iona. Columbanus. His rule. Gallus

Pages 1-19.

CHAP. II.

RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE PAPAL SUPREMACY DURING THE PERIOD

BEFORE THE MISSION OF AUGUSTINE.

A.D. 158-596.

British Church integral part of the universal Church. Argument of
Romish writers founded upon this. Importance of knowledge of the

real position of the British Church with respect to the Papal supre-
macy. Hence knowledge of relation between the see of Rome and
the rest of the Church before Augustine's mission desirable. Tes-
timony of Scripture against Peter's primacy. Question whether
bishops of Rome are properly called successors of St. Peter. St.
Paul's claims as founder of Roman Church. Linus first bishop.
Anicetus. Controversy in his time about Paschal festival. Polycarp's
visit to Rome. Controversy renewed under Victor. Irenæus's
letter to Victor. Third century. Cyprian's notions of the primacy
of Peter. His conduct with respect to the complaint of Faustinus.
Calls Stephen bishop of Rome his colleague. In the case of Basilides
and Martialis gives advice in opposition to Stephen. Question of vali-
dity of heretical baptism. Firmilian, bishop of Cappadocia, opposes
Stephen. Cyprian takes the same side, and asserts the independence
of the bishops. Council of Nice. Meaning of its sixth canon.
Council of Sardica. Appellate jurisdiction of Rome founded on its
canons. Novelty of this claim. Remarks on these canons. Second
general Council of Constantinople acknowledges in Rome a pre-
cedence of rank, but testifies against Papal supremacy. Fresh en-
croachments of the Popes. Siricius. Innocent I. Zosimus asserts a
divine authority for the Popes derived from our Lord's promise to
Peter. Independence of the African Church at the beginning of the
5th century. Case of Apiarius. Zosimus quotes canons of Sardica
as those of Nice. The fraud detected by an African synod. Protest
of that synod. Decline of the Western Empire advances power of
the Popes. Leo I. Law of Valentinian III. in support of the
Papal power. Fourth general Council of Chalcedon testifies against
Papal supremacy. Pope Leo's threat to annul its canons. Felix
summons Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople, to Rome, and obtains
sentence of deposition against him. No notice taken of summons or
sentence. Suspension of communion between Eastern and Western
Churches. Felix declares himself the Vicar of St. Peter. Gelasius
goes beyond Felix, and asserts an obligation on the whole Church to
follow Rome. He asserts superiority of ecclesiastical power to the
temporal. Strong assertion of Papal supremacy by Roman synod
in 494. It ranks Papal decrees with those of four first general
Councils. Symmachus. New doctrine of St. Peter bequeathing his
merits to his successors. Symmachus excommunicates the emperor.
First grant of the pall to metropolitans. Hormisdas. Vigilius.
Continued resistance of the Eastern Church to the Papal claims till
the final breach between the East and the West. Period from
Vigilius to Gregory the Great. The latter rebukes John of Constan-
tinople. Recapitulation
Pages 20-39.

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CHAP. III.

MISSION OF AUGUSTINE AND CONVERSION OF KENT.

A.D. 596-624.

Character of Pope Gregory, and circumstances which led to his pro-

ject. He sends Augustine and others to England. Political divisions

of the country. Bertha queen of Kent. Old British church at

Canterbury. Reception and success of the missionaries. Laws of

Ethelbert with relation to Christianity. Consecration of Augustine.

His supposed miracles. General remarks upon the subject of eccle-

siastical miracles. Dr. Lingard's view. Bede's testimony. Tests to

be applied. Augustine's cure of a blind man. Gregory's view of

the subject in general. Such miracles no longer necessary. Gre-

gory's answers to Augustine's questions. His directions with respect

to the British bishops. Sends him the pall. Original scheme for

the establishment of the Church only partially carried out. New

mission from Rome. Gregory's direction as to the use of idolatrous

temples, &c. Restoration of a Roman church and foundation of a

monastery. Conference at Augustine's Oak. Dispute about time of

keeping Easter. Second conference. Its issue shows that the Bri-

tons rejected the Papal supremacy. Augustine's supposed prophecy

and its result. Essex converted. Mellitus bishop of London, and

Justus of Rochester. Cathedrals endowed at these places. Death of

Augustine. Laurentius succeeds. His letter to the Irish bishops.

Death of Ethelbert, and relapse of his successor. Relapse of Essex.

Mellitus expelled. Circumstances which led to the missionaries

remaining in England. Mellitus and Justus archbishops.

Pages 40-61.

CHAP. IV.

CONVERSION OF NORTHUMBRIA AND THE OTHER KINGDOMS.

A.D. 625-686.

Paulinus sent to Northumbria. Story of Edwin's conversion. Assem-
bly of wise men in Northumbria. Edwin's baptism. His stone
church at York. Paulinus's success. Conversion of East Anglia.
Felix of Burgundy. Fursey. See of Dunwich. Sigebert of East
Anglia becomes a monk. Paulinus preaches beyond the Humber.
Consecrates Honorius of Canterbury. His description. The pall
sent to him. Meaning of that gift explained by the Pope. Death of

Edwin and flight of Paulinus, who is made bishop of Rochester.

James the Deacon. Oswald of Northumbria sends for missionaries

from Scotland. Monastery of Iona. Aidan of Lindisfarne. His

description by Bede. Success of the Scottish missionaries. Conver-

sion of Wessex. Birinus, Agilbert. Wini of Winchester expelled,

and obtains see of London. Eleutherius. Conversion of Mercia.

Diuma. See of Repton, afterwards at Lichfield. Essex again con-

verted. Bishop Cedd. Differences between Scottish and Roman

missionaries as to time of keeping Easter and tonsure. They in-

volved question of submission to Rome. Wilfrid's early history.

He founds monastery at Stamford. Made abbot of Ripon. Confe-

rence at Whitby. Colman of Lindisfarne. Proceedings and results

of the conference. Remarks on the controversy. Roman rule for

Easter ultimately adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. Conver-

sion of Sussex. Wilfrid acts as bishop there. His monastery at

Selsey. He frees 250 slaves. Reflections on the conversion of Eng-

land. Assistance given by the sovereigns in the work. Pages 62-84.

CHAP. V.

FROM THE ACCESSION OF THEODORE TO THE PRIMACY, TO THE DEATH

OF WILFRID.

A.D. 664-709.

Wighard, archbishop elect of Canterbury, dies at Rome. Consequent
appointment of Theodore. Hadrian accompanies him to England.
His appointment to the monastery at Canterbury. Theodore's
visitation of his province. His zeal for diffusion of learning. Double
appointment of Wilfrid and Chad to Northumbrian diocese. Wilfrid
bishop of York. Chad made bishop of Lichfield. His piety. Ex-
tent of his diocese. Synod of Hertford. Question of increasing
number of bishops. Deposition of Winfrid of Lichfield. Wilfrid
introduces Gregorian Chant into his diocese. Eddius Stephanus.
Cathedral at York restored with glass windows. Basilica at Ripon.
Abbey of Hexham. Wilfrid's conduct as a bishop. His quarrel
with Egfrid. Etheldrida. Ermenburga. Theodore divides Wilfrid's
diocese, and Wilfrid appeals to the Pope. His journey to Rome.
Preaches the gospel in Friesland. Papal decision in his favour.
Attends synod against the Monothelites. His treatment, and adven-
tures on his return. Sends missionaries to the Isle of Wight.
Churches of Sussex and Isle of Wight then subject to Winchester.
Theodore's reconciliation with Wilfrid, and its consequences. See

of Lindisfarne reunited to York, and severed again after Cuthbert's

death. Death of Theodore. Berthwald succeeds.
Wilfrid's oppo-

sition to Ripon being made a bishop's see leads to a second exile.

He is made bishop of Lichfield. Synod of Nestrefield deprives him

of his benefices. His second appeal to Rome and its results. Death

of Aldfrid, and consequent accommodation of the dispute at the

synod near the Nidd. Death and character of Wilfrid. Increasing

tendency to Romish usages. Synod of Hatfield. John the Precen-

tor. Origin of parishes ascribed to Theodore. Additional sees

founded in his time. Summary of the changes in the diocesan divi-

sions of England from Theodore's time to the Conquest. Ecclesias-

tical laws of King Ine. Kirk-shot. Laws of Wihtred of Kent.

Pages 85-105.

CHAP. VI.

HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CHURCH IN ENGLAND WITH

REFERENCE TO TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS, ENDOWMENTS, AND CON-

NECTION WITH THE STATE; WITH A PRELIMINARY SKETCH OF THE

RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE MONASTIC ORDERS.

Origin and date of Church property in England. Different orders of
the clergy. Origin of the monastic system in Egypt. Anchorets.
Cœnobites. Antony and Pachomius. Their discipline. Monachism
patronised by some of the great Fathers. Reason of this. Original
monks might marry. Were laymen. Nunneries in Egypt. Monach-
ism in the West. Ambrose. Martin of Tours. Clerical monasteries
founded by Eusebius of Vercelli. Comparative good and evil of
monastic system. Remarks of Neander. Excesses of the Euchites.
Rule of Basil. Benedict of Nursia. His rule. Its relaxation with
respect to the acquisition of property. Objects on which monastic
wealth was employed. Benedictine rule introduced into England by
Wilfrid and Benedict Biscop. Gregory the Great and his mission-
aries monks. Commencement of monastic institutions in England.
Monastery endowed by Ethelbert. Proceedings of the early mis-
sionary bishops. Chad. Cuthbert of Lindisfarne. Clergy and
monks live in common under a rule. Hence the origin of canons.
Settlement of presbyters in separate districts. Right of private.
patronage of churches. Is recognised by the Capitula of Theodore.
Glebe-lands annexed to churches. Canon of Archbishop Egbert on
the subject. These lands subject to threefold necessity. Conversion
of heathen temples into churches. Ecclesiastical machinery of 7th
century, what.
Ownership and appropriation of churches. In-