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to prevail on the shores of the Bay of Rio. The remaining historical incidents are well known. Dom John returned to his native land, after having resigned the government into the hands of his son, the well-known on whom devolve the unpleasant, and freDom Pedro. Soon Brazil broke off from the mother country, and set up as a constitutional and independent state, and it now occupies such a place in South America as the United States does in North.

Mr. Fletcher visited Brazil in 1851, at a season when the Hudson and Potomac were bridged over with ice; but as he entered the Bay of Rio, he found the balmiest breezes blowing, the palm-trees in full foliage, waving above the world of vegetation around them, and all nature rejoicing in the warm sunlight. The entrance to the bay is exceedingly beautiful :—

servedly high tribute is paid to the Brazilian authorities for their attention to their much needed hospitals. A number of Irmandades, or brotherhoods, have been formed, quently, dangerous duties of the hospitals. The account of them given by our authors is deeply interesting. The scenes, however, witnessed at the Foundling Hospital, are of a very different description, and afford us a glimpse into a dark gulf of misery, degradation, cruelty, and abounding sin.

The beggars of Brazil seem to be a highly privileged class, and to drive a singularly lucrative business :

:

"Some are carried in a rede by two slaves, or drawn by one. One worthy rejoices in a little carriage pulled by a fat sheep; and another, a footless man, rides on a white horse. Sometimes, in country parts, beggars, whose pedal extremities are free from all derangement, play the cavalier, altogether disdaining to foot it, and seem to receive none the less charity than if they trudged from door to door. Upon one occasion, a female beggar, adorned with a feather in her bonnet, and mounted on horseback, rode up to a friend of mine at St. Alexio, and demanding alms, was exceedingly indignant at any inquir ies as to the consistency of her costume."

We much like the way in which Messrs. Kidder and Fletcher look at the "peculiar institutions." Their book will be very useful on this question, in the United States. the slave's future, will find their way to The free, loving, and truthful longings as to hearts which will never open to the overdrawn pictures of professional abolitionists. Brazil, too, shows an example which the states might well imitate. Slavery is indeed allowed by law; but the inhuman African traffic is forbidden, and every facility given to the slave to work out his freedom. And to the highest offices in the state. once free, he may rise by talent and energy,

"On either side of that contracted entrance, as far as the eye can reach, stretch away the mountains whose pointed and fantastic slopes, recall the glories of Alpland. On our left, the Sugar Loaf stands like a giant sentinel to the metropolis of Brazil. The round and green summits of the Tres Irmaos (Three Brothers), are in strong contrast with the peaks of Corcovado and Tijuca; while the Gavia rears its huge sail-like form, and half hides the fading line of mountains which extends to the very borders of Rio Granade do sul. On the right, another lofty range commences near the principal fortress which commands the entrance of the bay, and forming curtain-like ramparts, reaches away, in picturesque headlands, to the bold promontory, well known to all South Atlantic navigators, as Cape Trio. Far through the opening of the bay, and, in some places, towering even above the lofty coast barrier, can be discovered the blue outline of the distant Organ Mountains, whose lofty pinnacles will at once suggest the origin of their name. The general effect is truly sublime; but, as the vessel draws nearer to the bold shore, and we see, on the sides of the double mount which rises in the rear of Santa Cruz, the peculiar bright-leaved woods of Brazil, with here and there the purple-blooming quaresma tree; and, when we observe that the snakelike cacti and rich-flowering parasites shoot forth "At Limeira I became aware of a new disand hang down from the jagged and precipitous ease, which, like the goitre, seems to be confined sides of the Sugar Loaf; and, as we single out, to certain localities. I was sitting in the office in every nook and crevice, new evidences of a of Dr. —, conversing with him in regard to genial and prolific clime, emotion, before over- dramatized religious mysteries which are still fawhelmed by the vastness of the outline, now un-vorites in the mother-country. Very ludicrous inburdens itself in every conceivable exclamation cidents often come to be mixed up with these. of surprise and admiration." "A civilized Indian, by the promise of muito cachaca (plenty of rum), consented to personify our Saviour on the cross. His position was a trying one; and, at the foot of the crucifix stood a bucket

The following notice of a new disease is painfully interesting:

The interior of Rio Janeiro is graphically sketched, and the accompanying artistic engravings help us to realize, very fully, the filled with rum, in which was a sponge attached to aspect and condition of the city. The de-a long reed. The individual whose duty it was to grading influences of Romish worship are refresh the caboclo, forgot his office, while carried dwelt on and fully illustrated, and a de-away by the florid eloquence of the padre. The Indian, however, did not forget his contract, and, to the astonishment, as well as amusement of the audience, shon ed out, O Senhor Judeio, Senhor Judeio, mais!' (0 Mister Jew, Mister Jew, a little more gall!)"

Sights of superstition, surpassing even those which, during religious festivals, we have witnessed on the Continent, are very frequently met with in Brazil. The Romanist population delight in the

Brazil, when I observed a Portugese, about sixty-all form a scene enrapturing to the naturalist; years of age, enter, and demand, with great ear- and bewildering, with its richness, to the uninitianestness, if he thought that he could live. Soon ted, who still appreciate the beauty and the splenafter, a middle-aged Brazilian came, and, seem- dor that are scattered on every side, by the Hand ing to cling to the words of the physician as Divine. The overpowering sensation which one tenaciously as to a divine oracle, made nearly experiences, when entering an extensive conthe same interrogatory. Neither of these men servatory filled with the choicest plants, exotics appeared in ill-health, and, if I had not heard of the rarest description, and odor-laden flowers, them state that they had great difficulty in swal- is that (multiplied a thousand-fold), which filled lowing, I would have considered them in a per- my mind as I gazed, for the first time, upon the fect sanitary condition. Upon inquiry, I ascer- landscape, with its tiers of mountains, robed in tained from the doctor, that these men had a such drapery as that described above; and yet disease which is widely prevalent in some por- there was such a feeling of liberty, incompatible tions of interior Brazil, but he has never seen a with the sensation expressed by the word' overnotice of it in any medical work whatever. The powering,' that it is impossible to define it. In Brazilians call it mal de engasgo. The first indi- the province of Minas Geraes, from a commandcation of its existence is a difficulty in swallow- ing point, I once beheld the magnificent forest ing. The patient can swallow dry substances in bloom; and, as the hills and undulative better than fluids. Wine or milk can be drunk plains stretched far away to the horizon, they with more facility than water; still, both are seemed to be enveloped in a fairy mist of purple attended with difficulty. To take thin broth is and of gold." an impossibility. In some cases, fluids have been conveyed to the stomach in connection with some solid. The person thus afflicted appears to be in good health, but, in five or six years, death ensues from actual starvation. The suffering of such a one was described to me as most hor

rible."

To as many of our readers as have a taste for descriptions of forest scenery, we can promise gratification in abundance, if they will turn to page 277, and follow Mr. Fletcher into the blooming woods of the Serra dos Orgões:

The notices of the geography and natural history of some of the vast regions visited by the enterprising missionaries, are full of novelty and interest. San Paulo, Bahia, Pernambuco, and Pará, are described in a way which will not fail to give "the untravelled" very distinct pictures of them. So, too, are the strange lands which form the basins of the Rio di Francisco and the mighty Amazon. The references to the fauna of the Brazils, are not the least interesting portions of this work. The naturalist will see what "In the months of April and May (October scope there is for him in those luxuriant and November in Brazil), only the autumnal lands, and what promise of discovery of new tints of our gorgeous North American woods species is held out to him. Among the can compare with the sight of the forest of the hills which stretch away beyond the Bay of Serra dos Orgões. Then the various species of Jurujuba, the little, active, buckler-clad Arthe Laurus are blooming, and the atmosphere is madillo, throws up the earth in which he loaded with the rich perfumes of their tiny snowwhite blossoms. The Cassic then put forth loves to burrow, and, when disturbed, coils their millions of golden flowers, while, at the himself up, hedgehog-like, exposing to his same time, huge trees-whose native names enemy only a ball of mail, against which would be more unintelligible, though less pedan- tooth of dog and beak of bird of prey, are tic, than their botanic terms of Susiandra Fontane- powerless; or, when caught on the sunny sia, and others of the Melastoma tribe-are in slopes of the red-colored hills, he quickly asfull bloom; and, joining rich purple to the sumes this ball-like form-"swallows himbrightest yellow, present, together with gor- self," as they say-and rolls quietly down geously clothed shrubs, 'flowers of more mingled the hill as if he were a stone, or some huge hue than her (Iris') purpled scarf can show' From time to time, a silk-cotton tree (the Cho- Cocoanut, struck by the feet of the climber. risia speciosa) shoots up its lofty hemispherical In the neighborhood of the secluded pools top, covered with thousands of beautiful large among the Organ Mountains, the South rose-colored blossoms, which gratefully contrast American Tapirs spend their harmless lives, with the masses of vivid green, purple, and yel- feeding on roots, and buds, and wild fruit. low, that clothe the surrounding trees. Floral The Peccari is met in flocks in the wild treasures are heaped on every side. Wild vines, woods. In size much less than the tapir, twisted into most fantastic forms, or hanging in the peccari has nothing of the timidity which graceful festoons,-passion-flowers, trumpet- belongs to its larger neighbor. "It is," flowers and fuchsias in their native glory,-treeMr. Fletcher, says "the most pugnacious ferns, whose elegance of form is only surpassed by fellow imaginable. Neither men nor dogs the tall, gently curved palmito, which is the very embodiment of the line of beauty,-orchids, whose inspire reverence, for he will attack both flowers are of as soft a tint as the blossom of the with impunity." The Myrmecophaga, or peach-tree, or as brilliant as red spikes of fire,-cu- Ant-eaters, wander about, making much esrious and eccentric epiphytes, draping naked rocks, teemed havoc on the destructive ants, which or the decaying branches of old forest monarchs, swarm in all such climes. "The Paca, the

its umbrella-like crest, "formed of feathers

Capybara, and the Agouti-animals of the same family as marmots and beavers more than two inches long, very thickly set, abound. Lurking by the banks of rivers, in and with hairy plumes, curving over at the the dense jungle, overshadowed with species end-a hemi-ellipsoidal dome, completely of palm-trees, the Jaguar, or Brazilian tiger covering the head, and even reaching beyond (Felis Onça), watches his opportunity for the point of the beak;" the Boat-bill, feedspringing on his prey. In the northern prov- ing amidst glorious groups of Victoria Reince of Mato Grasso, vast numbers of mon- gias, and the nimble Jacana, walking on keys are found. Skipping across the travel- their leaves, with as sure footing as if treadler's path, hanging in "lovely deformity" ing the solid earth. Then there are Butterfrom the branches of the trees, and looking, flies, "the most splendid in the world;" with stupid grin, around him, may be seen Bats, some small as our own, others large as the Bald-headed Brachyurus, the monkey the fabled-winged demons of the old naturalwhich is answerable for the long-credited ists. Such is the terrific-looking, blood-lovstory of a race of Indians with tails. ing Vampire-bat. And Reptiles in abundance, varying in size from the small scorpion to the enormous Anaconda-the Sucuruju, of the natives-which haunts the dense forests that stretch along the banks of the great rivers, measuring sometimes above thirty feet in length, and said, by the enterprising Amazon explorer Wallace, to be able to swallow horses and cattle. Is not Brazil a very paradise for a naturalist?

Or turn we to the birds, not less varied and novel are the species found in Brazil. There are Parrots, in gayest garb, chattering among the trees; Toucans, with their huge bills, goggle eyes, and gorgeous plumage; Humming-birds, of rare beauty, sparkling in the sunshine, and sipping sweets from tube roses, jessamines, and heliotropes; Urupongas, or Tolling-bell birds, looking knowing, with their three-inch long fleshy tubercle, But the half is not told. Those who wish hanging sprucely on one side of the head, more information on all these topics, and on and their loud, clear, ringing note, which many others, we refer to the admirable book Waterton affirms, may be heard at a dis- now noticed. A book which, notwithstandtance of three miles; the little known Um-ing its occasional idolatry of Brother Jonbrella-bird, frequenting the flooded islands athan, we very heartily commend to all our of the Rio Negro and of the Solimões, with readers.

PRINCE ALEERT of England, has recently, at | cause of George III. against the revolted Amera military celebration, made a speech which is ican provinces." severely criticised by the English press. The following passages gave especial offence:

DR. BUIST has lately communicated to the Geographical Society of Bombay some careful "But, gentlemen, the duty of the British sol- observations on the temperature of the Red Sea, dier is, unfortunately, not confined to opposing without doubt the warmest body of water of its the external enemies of his country. It has been size on the earth. We are told that exactly his fate sometimes to stand in arms even against in its centre lies a watery region of terrible heat. his own countrymen-a mournful task, which, I This scat of high temperature is situated in a trust, we shall never see again imposed upon tract rich in volcanic indications, and between him. In such circumstances the soldier is up-140 and 21° north latitude. Even in the winter held by the consideration that, while implicitly obeying the commands of his sovereign to whom he has sworn fidelity, he is purchasing for his country by his blood that eternal peace and supremacy of the law which form the only basis of the liberties as well as the prosperity of the nation. This regiment (the Royal Grenadiers) originally sprung from the Royalists who clung to Charles II. during his exile, have always proved true to their sovereign, whether they contended on the field of Sedgemoor in defence of James II., against the Duke or Monmouth, or struggled heroically for five long years in the

months the water is seldom less than 80°, reaches 84° in March and April, and in May sometimes attains to 90°. September, however, is the season of greatest warmth, the temperature of both air and water rising in that month above blood-heat. At this time, a person leaning over the bulwarks of a vessel whose deck has been lately cooled by a shower of rain, experiences a feeling like that of holding the head above a kettle of boiling water. In November, 1836, the temperature of the atmosphere being 820, that of the water between 170 and 230 north latitude on one occasion reached 106°.

PART II.
CHAPTER VII.

"Oh ye, who never knew the joys
Of friendship, satisfied with noise,
Fandango, ball, and rout,
Blush when I tell you how a bird
A prison, with a friend, preferred,

To liberty without."-CowPER.
HAD Lucilla Sandbrook realized the effect
of her note, she would never have dashed it
off; but like all heedless people, pain out of
her immediate ken was nothing to her.

After the loving hopes raised by the curate's report, and after her own tender and forgiving letter, Honor was pierced to the quick by the scornful levity of those few lines. Of the ingratitude to herself, she thought but little in comparison with the heartless contempt towards Robert, and the miserable light-mindedness that it manifested.

"My poor, poor child!" was all she said, as she saw Phoebe looking with terror at her countenance; "yes, there is an end of it. Let Robert never vex himself about her again."

Phoebe took up the note, read it over and over again, and then said low and gravely, "It is very cruel."

"Poor child, she was born to the Charteris nature, and cannot help it! Like seeks like, and with Paris before her, she can see and feel nothing else."

Phoebe clung about her neck, kissed and fondled her, and felt her cheeks wet with tears, in the passionate tenderness of the returning caress.

The resolve was kept of not going back to the subject, but Honora went about all day with a soft, tardy step and subdued voice, like one who has stood beside a deathbed.

When Phoebe heard those stricken tones striving to be cheerful, she could not find pardon for the wrong that had not been done to herself. She dreaded telling Robert that no one was coming whom he need avoid, though without dwelling on the tone of the refusal. To her surprise, he heard her short, matterof-fact communication without any token of anger or of grief, made no remark and if he changed countenance at all, it was to put on an air of gloomy satisfaction, as though another weight even in the most undesirable scale were preferable to any remnant of balancing, and compunction for possible injustice were removed.

Could Lucilla but have seen that face, she would have doubted of her means of reducing him to obedience.

The course he had adopted might indeed be the more excellent way in the end, but at present even his self-devotion was not in such a spirit as to afford much consolation to Honor. If good were to arise out of sorrow, the painful seed-time was not yet over. His looks were stern even to harshness, and his unhappiness seemed disposed to vent itself in doing his work after his own fashion, brooking no interference.

Phoebe vaguely suspected that there might be a shadow of injustice in this conclusion. She knew that Miss Charlecote imagined Lucilla to be more frivolous than was the case, and surmised that there was more offended pride than mere levity in the letter. He had taken a lodging over a baker's Insight into character is a natural, not an shop at Turnagain Corner. Honor thought acquired, endowment; and many of poor it fair for the locality, and knew something Honor's troubles had been caused by her of the people, but to Phoebe it was horror deficiency in that which was intuitive to and dismay. The two small rooms, the Phoebe, though far from consciously. That painted cupboard, the cut paper in the grate, perception made her stand thoughtful, won- the pictures in yellow gauze, with the flies dering whether what the letter betrayed were folly or temper, and whether, like Miss Charlecote, she ought altogether to quench her indignation in contemptuous pity.

"There, my dear," said Honor, recovering herself, after having sat with ashy face and clasped hands for many moments. "It will not bear to be spoken or thought of. Let us go to something else. Only, Phoebe, my child, do not leave her out of your prayers."

walking about on them, the round mirror, the pattern of the carpet, and the close, narrow street struck her as absolutely shocking, and she came to Miss Charlecote with tears in her eyes, to entreat her to remonstrate, and tell Robin it was his duty to live like a gentleman.

"My dear," said Honor, rather shocked at a speech so like the ordinary Fulmort mind, "I have no fears of Robert not living like a gentleman."

"I know-not in the real sense," said Honor and Phoebe made an unexpected raid Phoebe, blushing, "but surely, he ought not to bring some last improvements, Robert to live in this dismal, poky place, with such was detected in the act of undoing their work, mean furniture, when he can afford better." and denuding his room of even its original "I am afraid the parish affords few bet- luxuries. Phoebe spoke not, but her face ter lodgings, Phoebe, and it is his duty to showed her discomfiture, and Honora atlive where his work lies. You appreciated tacked him openly. his self-denial, I thought? Do you not like him to make a sacrifice?"

66

I ought!" said Phoebe, her mind taking little pleasure in those acts of self-devotion that were the delight of her friend. "If it be his duty it cannot be helped, but I cannot be happy at leaving him to be uncomfortable-perhaps ill."

Coming down from the romance of martyrdom, which had made her expect Phoebe to be as willing to see her brother bear hardships in the London streets, as she had herself been to dismiss Owen the first to his wigwam, Honor took the more homely view of arguing on the health and quietness of Turnagain Corner, the excellence of the landlady, and the fact that her own Cockney eyes had far less unreasonable expectations than those trained to the luxuries of Beauchamp. But by far the most efficient solace was an expedition for the purchase of various amenities of life, on which Phoebe expended the last of her father's gift. The next morning was spent in great secrecy at the lodgings, where Phoebe was so notable and joyous in her labors, that Honor drew the conclusion that housewifery was her true element, science, art, and literature only acquired, because they had been made her duties, reckoning all the more on the charming order that would rule in Owen Sandbrook's parsonage.

All troubles and disappointments had faded from the young girl's mind, as she gazed round exulting, on the sacred prints on the walls, the delicate statuettes, and wellfilled spill-holder and match-box on the mantle-shelf, the solid inkstand and appurte nances upon the handsome table-cover, the comfortable easy-chair, and the bookcases, whose contents had been reduced to order due; and knew that the bedroom bore equal testimony to her skill, while the good landlady gazed in admiration, acknowledging that she hardly knew her own rooms, and promising with all her heart to take care of her lodger.

Alas! when, on the way to the station,

"I never meant you to know it," he said, looking rather foolish.

"Then to ingratitude you added treach

ery."

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"It is not that I do not feel your kindness— "But you are determined not to feel it!" "No, no! only this is no position for mere luxuries. My fellow-curates-"

"Will use such conveniences of life as come to them naturally," said Honor, who had lived long enough to be afraid of the freaks of asceticism. "Here me, Robert. You are not wise in thrusting aside all that brings home to you all your little sister's love. You think it cannot be forgotten, but it is not well to cast away these daily memorials. I know you have much to make you severe-nay, morose-but if you become so, you will never do your work efficiently. You may repel, but never invite, frighten, but not soothe."

"You want me to think my efficiency dependent on arm-chairs and table-covers."

"I know you will be harder to all for living in needless discomfort, and that you will be gentler to all for constantly meeting tokens of your sister's affection. Had you sought these comforts for yourself, the case would be different; but, Robert, candidly, which of you is the self-pleasing, which the mortified one at this moment?"

Robert could not but look convicted as his eyes fell on the innocent face, with the tears just kept back by strong effort, and the struggling smile of pardon.

"Never mind, Robin," said Phoebe, as she saw his air of vexation: "I know you never meant unkindness. Do as you think right, only pray think of what Miss Charlecote says."

"She has one thing more to say," added Honor. "Do you think that throwing aside Phoebe's little services will make you fitter to go among the little children? "

There was no answer, but a reluctant approach to smile gave Phoebe courage to effect

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