No. 844.-4 August, 1860.

CONTENTS.

1. Jerome Bonaparte-his Death, Life, and Wives, N. Y. Evening Post, 2. Ho! For the Pole !

3. Claremont, and the Princess Charlotte,

4. Broad Church Theology, .

5. Mr. Everett's Fourth of July Oration,

6. Mr. Fletcher's Brazil and the Brazilians,
7. Hopes and Fears. Part 2. Chap. 7, .
8. Rational Medicine,

9. All's Well, .

66

PAGE.

259

263

Eclectic,

269

Christian Observer,

273

Daily Advertiser,

286

North British Review,

297

Constitutional Press Magazine, 301

Literary Gazette,

316

Macmillan's Magazine,

318

POETRY.-Stanzas for Music, 258. The Upland Path, 258. The Spectre of 1860, 258. All's Well, 318. The City of Extremity, 320. The Two Laments, 320.

SHORT ARTICLES.-G. P. R. James' last evening in America, 262. Jewish Antiquities in Ohio, 268. Mr. Parker Snow's Arctic Expedition, 272. Prince Albert's Speech, 300. Temperature of the Red Sea, 300. Mounds in Minnesota, 315. Extension of the British Museum, 317. Disappearance of London Antiquities, 317.

PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY LITTELL, SON, & CO., BOSTON.

For Six Dollars a year, in advance, remitted directly to the Publishers, the LIVING AGE will be punctually for warded free of postage.

Complete sets of the First Series, in thirty-six volumes, and of the Second Series, in twenty volumes. handsomely bound, packed in neat boxes, and delivered in all the principal cities, free of expense of freight, are for sale at two dollars a volume.

ANY VOLUME may be had separately, at two dollars, bound, or a dollar and a half in numbers.

ANY NUMBER may be had for 13 cents; and it is well worth while for subscribers or purchasers to complete any broken volumes they may have, and thus greatly enhance their value.

From The New York Evening Post.
JEROME BONAPARTE.

THE great age and physical infirmity of Jerome Bonaparte, and the recent accounts of his illness, have prepared the public for the announcement of his death, brought to us by the Parana. With him dies the last of the Bonapartes of the same generation as the great founder of the dynasty; and though inferior to the other brothers in most respects, none of them-excepting, of course, his illustrious brother has been regarded with such interest by the people of this country. It is to his American marriage and his disgraceful practical denial of it that Jerome Bonaparte owes his notoriety (we know no better word) in the United States.

disowned his child. Jerome re-entered the navy and Madame Bonaparte returned to Baltimore. They never met again.

ance, was highly indignant, and his reception of his young brother was any thing but cordial. The emperor issued a decree annulling the marriage, though the pope, Pius VII., with conscientious heroism refused to allow a divorce, notwithstanding the threats of the angry Napoleon. There is no reason to believe that Jerome Bonaparte married Miss Patterson from other than motives of true affection, and he visited Paris expressly to win Napoleon's consent to the union, which he did not then think of breaking, but, unfortunately, his affection could not withstand other influences, and the young man consented to sacrifice his wife and the child to which in the mean while she had given birth in England, to the ambition of his brother. He was born at Ajaccio, Corsica, on the This he called "immolating himself on the 15th of December, 1784, and, consequently, altar of the Napoleon dynasty." Such was was seventy-six years old at the time of his the influence Napoleon exercised over the death. He was fifteen years younger than members of the family, that at his demand, Napoleon I., and when the latter had fairly the husband deserted his bride and the father entered on his career of military glory, young Jerome was at the school of Madame Campan, at Paris. He subsequently attended the college of Juilly, and when scarcely sixteen years old entered the navy. Napoleon in his schemes of aggrandizement made use of his entire family, and with the hope and ambition that Jerome would sustain his power on the sea he two years later raised him to the command of the corvette L'Epervier, and sent him to St. Domingo, to assist in quelling the insurrection headed by Touissant L'Ouverture. Jerome was sent back with despatches before the expedition ended. In 1802 Napoleon ordered Jerome to proceed to the southern coast of this country to cruise about for English vessels. France at that time being at war with England. In this enterprise the young naval commander appears to have shown more discretion than valor, for fearing to meet the enemy he retired to the port of New York. The fame of his brother ensured for him a warm reception, and he travelled southward, mingling in the best society of this city and Philadelphia. In Baltimore he became acquainted with Miss Elizabeth Patterson, the daughter of a wealthy merchant of that place, and after a short courtship was married to her on the 24th of December, Bishop Carrol of ficiating. The alliance created considerable talk at the time. Young Jerome, then but twenty years old, after remaining a year in this country, decided to return to France, and inform his brother personally of the marriage. He embarked with his bride in an American ship for Lisbon, whence he hastened to Paris, leaving Madame Bonaparte on the vessel.

Of course Napoleon had heard of the alli

Over half a century has passed since that time, and both parties have lived utterly estranged, Jerome pursuing the career marked out for him by his ambitious brother, and his injured wife remaining in dignified retirement in her native city. She lives there still, surrounded by friends, her single hope and purpose the exaltation of her son to the rank which his blood, in her estimation, entitles him to. Her grandson, who graduated at West Point, and is now an officer in the French army, has never been willing to disgrace himself by impeaching the legality of his grandmother's marriage, though tempted in various ways to an extent which no ordinary fortitude could resist.

The father, on the other hand, never turned to look upon his injured wife again after deserting her, but regardless of every instinct of morality and manliness married again on the 12th of August, 1807, the Princess Frederica Catherina, daughter of the present king of Wurtemburg. He was soon after proclaimed king of Westphalia. He had, in the mean time, done the state some service on the sea, as ambassador to Algiers, and by capturing some English merchantmen in the West Indies, for which he was made an admiral, and decorated with the Cross of the Legion of Honor. He, however, disliked naval life, and after his accession to the throne of Westphalia, never ventured to sea again. His government of that kingdom, which comprised all the northern portion of the Prussian dominions, and embraced an area of nearly eight thousand square miles, was mild and liberal, rather

from the easy good-nature of the ruler than delared null, according to the laws of France; from any serious desire to increase the sum of human liberty.

When Napoleon undertook the expedition against Russia, Jerome was called to his aid, and took part in the battles of Mihilon and Smolensk. In 1814, at the abdication of the emperor, he retired, with his wife, to Austria; but on the return of Napoleon from Elba, returned to Paris. At Waterloo Jerome had the work of opening that great battle, and the disastrous result of the conflict sent him to live with his wife's relations, in Wurtemberg, but he soon left them for Austria.

The revolution of 1848 brought him into notice again; for, though he took no part in it or in the coup d'etat of 1851, family pride induced Louis Napoleon to invite his uncle to his imperial court. Since that time Prince Jerome has lived at the Palais Royal. His children by his second wife are Prince Napoleon, born in 1823, who married the Princess Clotilde of Sardinia, and in case of the death of the prince imperial, is heir to the throne of France; and the Princess Mathilde, a lady now forty-one years old, and the divorced wife of Prince Demidoff. Another son, Jerome Napoleon, born in 1814, died at Florence in 1846.

and he had solicited Pope Pius VII. to issue a bull annulling it. The pope refused to do this; on the contrary, he declared the marriage to be legal, to the intense annoyance of the emperor. Jerome was then sent to Algiers, to obtain the release of a number of Christian captives, two hundred and fifty of whom he brought back to Genoa. He was next sent in command of Le Veteran to his old cruising ground-the West Indieswhere he captured six English merchantmen, but was forced to disgorge his prey by an English squadron, which chased him back to France, and caused him to run his vessel ashore on the coast of Brittany. He then returned to Paris, where he was made admiral, and decorated with the cordon of the Legion of Honor. He was also created a prince of the empire. He still corresponded with his wife, for whom he entertained sincere affection. But his naval career was at an end. His predilection for the army was so strong that, in the war with Austria, his brother gave him the command of a brigade of Hanoverians and Wirtembergers, at the head of which he blockaded Glogau, and reduced the fortresses of Silesia, for which service he was made general of division.

It was on Jerome's return from America, and on his journey through Spain, in March, 1805, that Madame Junot met with him. She gives the following description of the meeting :

The character of Jerome Napoleon presents no features of grandeur. He was the mere tool of his great brother, and owes what little space he may occupy in history wholly to accidental circumstances, which he did not improve to any great advantage. "We were about two days' journey beyond He was one of those many persons in promi- Truxillo, when one morning Junot approached nent positions who would have been better the door of my carriage, and surprised me by and happier in some humble station, and his announcing that he had just met Jerome Bonaname will go down to posterity_only as a who do neither good nor harm in this world. parte. Jerome was one of those young men satellite of Napoleon Bonaparte. Personally He had been somewhat gay, but that was nothhis manners were pleasant and affable, and ing to me, and I inherited from my mother a there are still living many of our old citizens friendship towards him, which even his after who well remember his visit to this country, conduct, however unfriendly, has not totally and have met him in society or while trav-banished. I was therefore exceedingly happy elling.

From The United States Gazette.

JEROME passed nearly a year in the United States, but the marriage displeased Napoleon, who ordered him back to France, and gave strict orders that Madame Jerome should not be permitted to land anywhere in the French dominions. Jerome landed at Lisbon, and made his way through Spain to Paris. He sent his wife round by sea to Holland, where she was not permitted to land. She then crossed over to England, and took up her abode at Camberwell, near London. There, on the 7th of July, 1805, she gave birth to a son, who was named Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte. Meanwhile, the emperor had caused the marriage to be

to meet him, and the more so as I had an impression that he was unhappy-unhappy through a youthful attachment. I was then very young and rather romantic. Junot was equally pleased Jerome; he had seen less of him than of any at the meeting, though he knew but little of other member of the family. Jerome was but a boy when Junot formed almost a part of the family circle at Marseilles and Toulon ; and my husband did not return from Egypt, nor escape from his imprisonment by the English, until the end of 1800. Jerome set out on his naval career soon after the army returned from Marengo; Junot, consequently, knew him only as a mere he accepted our invitation. I could not help boy. We invited him to breakfast with us, and remarking a wonderful alteration in his manners. He was sedate, nay, almost serious. His countenance, which used to have a gay and lively expression, had assumed a character of pensive

melancholy, which so transformed his whole appearance that I should hardly have recognized him. He spoke in glowing terms of the United States, of the customs and manners of the Americans. During the short time we sat at breakfast I formed a very favorable opinion of

him.

Notwithstanding these sentiments, and his love for his wife, Jerome soon afterward yielded to his brother's wishes, and married the Princess Frederica Caroline of Wirtemberg.. Of the first meeting between Jerome and his new bride, Madame Junot gives the following interesting particulars: the princess came to Paris, having been previously married to the prince by proxy, Marshal Bessieres acting in that capacity. She was sent to the house of Junot at Raincy, where Madame Junot did the honors of reception:

"We walked with Jerome in the garden of the posada; and before parting, Junot, who conceived he might use freedom with him from the circumstance of my having known him when a boy, endeavored to dissuade him from resisting the emperor's wishes. But Jerome answered him, with noble firmness, that he considered himself bound by honor, and that, having obtained the "We were all in the billiard-room, from consent of his mother and elder brother, he did not whence we could see all that passed in the drawfeel himself so very blamable for taking the step ing-room, being separated from it only by a he had. My brother will hear me' said he; 'he range of pillars, with statues in the intercolumis kind, he is just. Even admitting that I have niations. The prince was to enter by the music committed a fault in marrying Miss Patterson room. Already the rolling of the carriage without his consent, is this the moment for in- wheels in the avenue was heard, when Madame flicting punishment? And upon whose head Lallemand catching hold of my dress, exclaimed, will that punishment alight? Upon that of 'Do you know it has just crossed my mind that my poor, innocent wife! No, no; surely, my the sight of me at this moment may make a sinbrother will not thus outrage the feelings of one gular impression upon the prince! I had better of the most respectable families of the United retire.' 'Why?' Because the last time he saw States, and inflict at the same time a mortal me was at Baltimore, with Miss Patterson, with wound upon a creature who is as amiable as she whom I was very intimate. Do you not think is beautiful!' He then showed us a fine minia- that seeing me again, on such an occasion as the ture of Madame Jerome Bonaparte. The fea-present,might recall a great deal that has passed?' tures were exquisitely beautiful, and a circumstance which immediately struck me, as well as Junot, was the resemblance they bore to those of the Princess Borghese. I remarked this to Jerome, who informed me that I was not the only person who had made the observation; that, in fact, he himself, and many Frenchmen who had been at Baltimore,had remarked the resemblance. I thought I could perceive in the face of Madame Jerome Bonaparte more animation than in the Princess Borghese. I whispered this to Junot, but he would by no means admit it; he had not got the better of his old impressions.

Indeed I do!' I exclaimed, thrusting her into the adjoining room, for at this moment a noise in the hall announced the prince's arrival, and in a few seconds the door was opened, and Marshal Bessieres introduced him. The prince was accompanied by the officers of his household, among whom were Cardinal Maury, the Chief Almoner, and M. Alexander le Camus, who already possessed great influence over him, and who felt it advisable not to lose sight of him in a moment to which his advice had given rise, and which might prove important to his future fate. I do not believe that Jerome would ever have abandoned Miss Patterson if he had not been urged to it by counsels which he had not strength of mind enough to resist. The prince's attendants remained in the music-room during the interview.

"Judge then,' resumed Jerome, replacing the charming portrait in his bosom, 'judge whether I can abandon a being like her, especially when I can assure you that to a person so exquisitely beautiful is united every quality that can render a woman amiable. I only wish my brother "The saloon of Raincy seemed to be made would consent to see her-to hear her voice but expressly for the interview which was now to for one single moment. I am convinced that her take place. The princess was seated near the triumph would be as complete as that of the chimney, though there was no fire. On the amiable Christine, whom the emperor at first re-prince's entrance she rose, advanced two steps pulsed, but at length liked as well as his other toward him, and made the compliment of recepsisters-in-law. For myself, I am resolved not to tion with equal grace and dignity. Jerome yield the point. Strong in the justice of my bowed neither well nor ill: he seemed to be there cause, I will do nothing which hereafter my con- because he had been told 'you must go there.' science may make me repent.' To this Junot He approached the princess, who seemed at this made no reply. He had set out with an en- moment to have recovered all her presence of deavor to prevail on Jerome to conform to the mind, and all the calm dignity of the woman emperor's will; but, in the course of conversa- and the princess. After the exchange of a few tion, having learned the particulars of the case, words, she offered the prince the arm-chair and feeling interested for the young couple, he which had been placed near her, and a converbegan to think, as he afterwards confessed to me, sation was opened upon the subject of her jourthat he should be doing wrong in exhorting Je-ney. It was short, and closed by Jerome's risrome to a line of conduct which, in fact, would be highly dishonorable. At the expiration of two hours we took leave of Jerome and continued our journey."

ing and saying, 'My brother is waiting for us: I will not longer deprive him of the pleasure of making acquaintance with the new sister I am about to give him!'