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side shout. I was within twenty yards of the nullah, at the spot where the tigress was last seen, and I had scarcely spoken, when out she charged at the sound, her ears back, and at such a pace that her belly almost touched the ground, I shot her through the chest, but just too low for the heart, with the first barrel. This never turned her, and I fired the second barrel when she was within springing distance, at about five yards. This hit her in the inner corner of the right eye, went through her brain, crushing the bones of the back part of her skull to pieces, and out below her chest, The tigress swerved a little, passed me at about seven feet, went at diminished speed for certainly forty yards, and then she lay on her belly extended. So marvellous did this seem to me, and so lifelike, did she then appear, that, having seized another rifle, I fired and hit her, the ball passing through her thigh and into her neck. Her skull is worth looking at, and defies all scepticism as to what tigers can do after they are shot through the brain."

spoiled property, stripped from the shikaree, around and under him. The first step I moved backwards, keeping my eye on the panther, I fell on my back into a thorn bush, having slipped upon the rock. Here I was still within one spring of the animal, who appeared, as far as I could see, to be not at all disabled by the fight. Nothing could have saved me had he again attacked; but there's a sweet little cherub that sits up aloft,' to look out for the life of the wild hunter. I retreated step by step, my face still towards the foe, till got to my horse, and to the other beaters, who were all collected together some forty yards from the fight.

"I immediately loaded the gun with a charge of shot, and a bullet that I perchance found; and, taking my revolver pistol out of the holster, and sticking it into my belt determined to carry on the affair to its issue, knowing how rarely men recover from such wounds as mine. I was bleeding profusely from large tooth wounds in the arm; the tendons of my left hand were torn open, and I had five claw-wounds in the thigh. And now take an adventure with a pan-clawed up, and if the panther was not killed, The poor shikaree's left arm was somewhat ther, one among several which are described graphically enough in the volume. The animal had already been wounded by a rifle ball:

Having warned the village shikarce to keep close behind me with the heavy spear he had in his hand, I began to follow the wounded panther; but had scarcely gone twenty-five yards, when one of the beaters, who was on high ground, beckoned to me, and pointed a little below him, and in front of me. There was the large panther sitting out, unconcealed, between two bushes, a dozen yards before me. I could not however see his head; and whilst I was thus delayed, he came out with a roar straight at me. I fired at his chest with a ball; and, as he sprang upon me, the shot barrel was aimed at his head. In the next moment he seized my left arm and the gun. Thus, not being able to use the gun as a club, I forced it, crosswise, into his mouth. He bit the stock through in one place; and whilst his upper fangs lacerated my arm, and hand, the lower fangs went into the gun. His hind claws pierced my left thigh. He tried very hard to throw me over. In the mean while, the shikaree, who, had he kept the spear before him,

might have stopped the charge of the panther,

had retreated some paces to the left. He now, instead of spearing the panther, shouted out, and struck him, using the spear as a club. In a moment the animal was upon him, stripping him of my shikar bag, his turban, my revolving rifle, and the spear. The man passed by me holding his wounded arm.

"The panther quietly crouched five paces in front of me. I knew my only chance was to keep my eye upon him. He sat with all my de

the superstition of the natives would go far to kill this man. Terribly frightened as he was, his wounds were not so bad as mine. I persuaded my horse-keeper to come with me; and, taking the hog-spear he had in his hand, we went to the spot where lay the weapons stripped from the shikaree. A few yards beyond them there crouched the huge panther. Again I could not see his head very distinctly, but fired deliberately behind his shoulder. In one moment he was again upon me. I gave him the charge of shot, as I supposed, in his face, but had no time to take aim. The horse-keeper, instead of spearIn the next instant the ing, fell upon his back. panther got hold of my left foot in his teeth, and threw me on my back. I struck at him with the empty gun, and he seized the barrels in his mouth. This was his last effort. I sprang up, and seizing the spear from the horse-keeper, drove it with both hands through his side, and thus killed him. I immediately had my boot pulled off. My foot bled profusely. Fortunately, the wound was in the thin part of the foot, and not in the instep or ankle: but the teeth had met."

the wild sports of a "shikaree" so couraIt would be easy to multiply extracts from geous as Captain Shakespear; but our space is exhausted, and we will only add that, although the sportsman writes for the benefit of those who may pursue the same vocation, his narrative will delight readers who, like ourselves, have no ambition to encounter buffaloes, tigers, or wild elephants in their primeval haunts.

This new body adopted principles somewhat assimilated to those of the Plymouth Brethren. Regarding the church as a spiritual institution, and not an ecclesiastical organization, they maintained that the Bible was the only Christian law, that all believers were bound to make known the truth, and that the true bond of fellowship was personal religion. At the same time they declared their adhesion to orthodox doctrine, and their undying enmity to all the corruptions of popery. They prided themselves on their nationality as Italians, and adopted as their mission Italian evangelization. Among them were men of strong faith, and withal of genius and eloquence-men who had suffered confiscation and exile for their religion. It is not to be wondered at that these zealous men made way, and found many to sympathize with them.+

From The Eclectic Magazine. evangelists and colporteurs to the frontiers THE PROTESTANT MOVEMENT IN ITALY. of Lombardy and Parma, where they taught AGES before Luther and Calvin were born, and distributed books in the same tongue. and generations before the days of Wiclif, In this way many strangers from Central there sheltered in the valleys of Northern and Southern Italy heard the Gospel, and Italy a brave race who rejected the doctrines carried home the books they had received, and the domination of the papacy. These at leisure to ponder over what they had were the progenitors of those very Wal- learned. A secession from the Waldenses, denses who have of late years been so anx- originating in some questions of church orious to teach the Italians a purer faith. The der, led to the formation of a purely Italian history of this people is one of the most in- party and an extension of the work. teresting on record, and exhibits one of the grandest protests ever made in favor of religious liberty. Amid all internal fluctuations and external changes, the Waldenses have never ceased to claim for themselves the right to worship God in their own way. When the reformation movement of the sixteenth century began, multitudes in Italy then eagerly embraced the doctrines of Protestantism, and the Scriptures and other religious books were printed in the vernacular. But the Inquisition, with its racks, gibbets, and stakes, its prisons and its banishments, cruelly suppressed the new doctrine, and plunged Italy into darkness again. From time to time since then a little has been done to make known the Gospel in that land; but it was not till the revolutions of 1848 that any extensive action could be attempted. Then, however, many thousand copies of the Scriptures and other works! were circulated among the people throughout the country. Many of these have been destroyed, and their readers, wherever discovered, have been punished.† But many have escaped; and even in Tuscany itself, there are persons who have continued to meet secretly in order to read the New Testament and to pray. In Sardinia, however, thanks to more liberal measures, the work of Italian evangelization was diligently carried on. The old Waldenses, faithful to their traditions, were vigilant and active. Coming forth from their Alpine valleys, they established themselves at such places as Turin, Nice, Genoa, and Alessandria. As far as possible they instituted religious services in the Italian language, and sent out

*

The reader who wishes to be acquainted with the religious movement and its suppression in Italy, in the sixteenth century, should peruse the admirable work of Dr. M'Crie on this subject"History of the Reformation in Italy."

f Such cases as those of Count Guicciardini, the Madiai, etc., are well known. "In Tuscany alone we are not surprised to find that, from 1853 to 1856 inclusive, a period of only four years, no fewer than 1,820 persons were prosecuted for what they call' offences' against the established religion of the country."-"Evangelization of Italy," p. 7. See also About's "Question Romaine," chap. 16, Tolerance. The great fault of this book is that it

is too true.

When, therefore, the war and its concomitant revolutions of last year broke out, there were two distinct parties ready to take advantage of the opportunity afforded for more active endeavors on behalf of Italy. The

Genevan committee will show the mode of evanThe following passages of letters from the gelization adopted:

"You will understand our plan of campaign: to sell Bibles, tracts, etc., by good colporteurs; and by means of our humble laborers, the evangelists, to meetings in upper rooms, and to give lessons on form little meetings without agitation; to multiply the Bible, as would be done with little children. Then, if God design to bless these small beginnings, others will go afterwards to preach during the long evenings of autumn and winter. Colport age looks well-infinitely better than we expected. The sales have been abundant; three hundred to three hundred and fifty tracts or pamphlets of different sorts, and a score of Bibles and New Testaments, in one week, is much in a country where so few people know how to read.

"Do not be astonished that we recommend our Bible-readers to confine themselves to small meetings, and to multiply them. It is important at the beginning to have only meetings to which every one brings his Bible, and to instruct the people as children, in order that they may be accustomed at the outset to draw for themselves from the fountain of the Word. It is through the Word that they will be in a condition to resist the priests, who are already considerably astir."

† An excellent account of parties in Italy will be found in the pamphlet of Mr. Dunn on Protestantism in Italy; its Progress and Peculiarities."

The

Waldenses at once set to work, and their 159 agents followed the allied armies into Lom- way. Men were wanting, and the cry was Difficulties of various kinds stood in the bardy, where they ministered the consola- continually for more laborers. Money was tions of religion to the sick, the wounded, wanting. Books were wanting. The supply and the dying, and to others as far as prac- was, in all respects, unequal to the demand, ticable. It is not our business to record the and yet, perhaps, resources were never betrapid series of events by which, one after ter husbanded. another, part of Lombardy, with Parma, minds of men were pre-occupied with civil This was not all. Modena, Lucca, Tuscany, and the Romagna matters, or scarce delivered from the fears were thrown open to the friends of evangel- of sacerdotal power, or ignorant and besotization. These events are of too recent oc- ted, so that but a small minority could or currence not to be remembered. No time would attend to religious questions. And was to be lost; and at the first cry of lib- then, the priesthood taking the alarm, operty, appeals were addressed to the Protes- posed and denounced the Protestant proptants of Europe for aid, and an effort was aganda in every way. made to enlist every available form of agency. tinued until now. And so it has conThe Waldenses immediately sent one of their which could be laid in the path of the teachAll the petty obstacles best preachers to Florence, where he had ers and their followers have been had relabored a few years before, until expelled course to. Little jealousies and animosities by the police on the return of despotism. have been fomented. The sick have been Colporteurs were supplied with Bibles and besieged, and the dying harassed by sanctitracts, and suddenly made their appearance fied intruders in clerical robes. in every direction; evangelists were promptly stories have been industriously promulgated Absurd equipped for their task, and sent to the field that the departing spirit of the apostate from of action. In a word, all that could be done Rome has been carried away by the devil, was done; and amid the din of civil commo- whose own private mark has been imprinted tion, and the conflicts of political parties, in horrid guise upon the ghastly corpse. † the messengers of Christianity lifted up their The rites of sepulture have been refused, and voice in favor of law, order, and pure religion. It was a noble sight, and one which deserved to find sympathy and favor.*

The following letter from Dr. Desanctis, of Turin, gives a clear statement of the work of the Evangelic Church in Italy:

conversion of a Bolognese count, resident in Milan. Our churches are small, but there is life in them. of the Scriptures. In Turin, long expositions are often given, but the brethren have liberty to inThe evening meetings are especially for the study the meaning of the passage under consideration. terrupt in order to ask for explanation, or to express any doubt or difficulty they may have as to us. "God is blessing us, but he also tries and proves means, we think we could do more-but he is the If it were to please him to send us more Lord, and his will be done. Tell your Christian friends in England to pray for us; prayer, offered in faith, obtains all things.

much-loved friend Gavazzi. We were together "I ardently desire to have a conference with my preachers of error, but God has called us to the truth. Dear Gavazzi is not always understoodhe has an ardent character-in other times, he would have been the Luther of Italy. In order properly to appreciate him, intimate acquaintanceship and experience of him are necessary. I pray God that he may be understood by all the dear Christians of England, and that he may thus be enabled to do much good for this work.

"The stations of our Evangelical Church are Turin, November 8. the following: Turin, Genoa, Nice, Alessandria, Novi, Asti, Novara, Graglia, and Fara, in all nine stations in Piedmont. As soon as Lombardy and Tuscany were free, an evangelist went to Milan from Turin, and also one from Novara. One of our evangelists has left us to return to Florence; he is an excellent Christian, and a man of learning, formerly a priest in Tuscany. In every station, except Asti, there is an evangelist, and in Genoa there are two, making up altogether, fourteen evangelists; besides which, we have a number of Bible colporteurs, who are now travelling everywhere in Lombardy and Tuscany, as well as in Piedmont. There are two directors of this work of colportage, Betti and Lucquet, who frequently make circuits and watch over the work with great zeal. In every station there is a church; understand me, not à material edifice, but converted brethren who meet for communion every Sunday. In Turin, where indifference is the greatest, and where we meet with incredible opposition, we have about sixty communicants. In Genoa, and in Alessandria, the number is greater. We are accused by Archbishop of Pisa, addressed, the 29th of Decem*See, for instance, the letter of the Cardinal some of being Plymouthists; but I can assert be- ber, to Salvagnoli, the Tuscan minister for worfore God it is a calumny. We do not even wish ship, in which his grace even goes so far as to deto know what Plymouthism is-our desire is to nounce, by name, a poor shoemaker, who had been serve God according to his word-and we recog-guilty of the high crime and misdemeanor of keepnize for brethren all true Christians, who confessing a school in his house, and allowing religious Christ as God manifested in the flesh, to whatever meetings to be held there. We know this man to church they belong. We regulate ourselves with be a quiet, humble, and inoffensive Christian, but simplicity, following as far as possible the apostolic very zealous for the truth. model.

"The evangelist in Milan writes to me of the

us who labor there, so that in the midst of so many "Pray! pray! for this poor Italy! and pray for difficulties, courage may not be lacking, but that we may be faithful servants of the Lord."

gelical Continental Society," p. 4.
See the last "Quarterly Reporter of the Evan-

mourning friends have been denied the power dence were necessary, lest one indiscreet step to bury their dead out of their sight. Ri- should lead to mischief; and all, so far as diculous tales have been circulated of the we can ascertain, have determined to avoid atrocious, political, and infidel designs of every thing like ostentatious publicity and the new teachers. Every Bible circulated demonstration, and the mixing up of politics by them has been declared full of the most with religion. This anxiety to promote the deadly heresy and blasphemy, opposed alike great cause of law and order, by the "meekto God and man. Every religious tract and ness of wisdom," was admirably illustrated book has been described as abounding in in Florence towards the close of last year. error and impiety. The alarm and the in- The evangelical Christians in that city had dignation have ascended through all ranks opened a large hall capable of holding five of the clergy, from the priest to the bishop, or six hundred persons, and immense multiand from the bishop to the archbishop, and tudes speedily began to assemble there to on to the very pope himself. The late Uni- hear the now famous Signor Mazzarella, an vers, and all the ultramontane newspapers, ex-Neapolitan advocate, a man of piety, joined in the chorus, the blind bigots of parts, learning, and eloquence. It was Austria and Spain chimed in, and the poor feared that this public demonstration would deluded papists of Ireland took up the be taken advantage of by the enemies of strain. In fact, all the Romish geese were the government, and, therefore, the authorset cackling. And who can wonder at it? ities recommended the preacher to occupy a It was bad enough for Lombardy to be lost less prominent situation, and to close the to the fatherly government of Austria, for doors when the room was full. This advice the duchies to assert their civil rights, for was followed without an objection, and Mazthe Romagna to refuse allegiance to King zarella at once commenced preaching in Pio Nono, † and for the whole patrimony of another smaller and less public place, where Saint Peter to be threatened; but it was, if he ministered to less numerous audiences, possible, worse for the Bible to be openly but multiplied the number of his services. and extensively circulated, and for its teach- Since then Mazzarella has returned to Genoa, ings to be made known to vulgar men. where he habitually labors, and the large Hinc illa lachryma! But this was not all. hall has been resumed under favorable cirPolitical writers, with no sympathy for cumstances. Other facts have come to our evangelical religion, ignorantly sought to knowledge, proving that the evangelical bring discredit on the religious movement, teachers are all the uncompromising friends by asserting that the Italians were too un- of public order and law. And with regard taught, too unbelieving, too worldly, or too to their disciples, even their bitterest enepre-occupied with civil questions to trouble mies have not dared to accuse them of a themselves about the Gospel. They main- single breach of the peace, or of the rules of tained that the converts were influenced decorum. This is a marvellous feature in solely by inferior and secular motives, and the present movement, among a people so only patronized Protestantism because of enthusiastic and excitable as the Italians. its alliance with the cause of civil liberty. If, in the intoxication of their joy at the "Wait," said they, and when the people possession of civil and religious freedom at are better instructed, less degraded, more one and the same time, any of them had established in their liberties, and less en- broken out into the excesses of fanaticism, gaged, then see what you can do. In the it would be matter rather for regret than for mean time, it is better to hold back; the pro- surprise. But nothing of the sort has ocvisional governments will be embarrassed, curred, and no one has ventured to say it the clergy will be enraged, and the people has. This reticence and self-control might will have their attention diverted from the be accounted for in various ways, but we main chance if you go on." There was truth believe there is only one true solution, and in this, and an air of plausibility sufficient it is this, that this religious movement is to check the timid, who feared they might lose all by attempting too much. Some, who were not restrained from helping on the work, or from receiving the new apostles, nevertheless felt that great caution and pru

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based on sound, scriptural principles. The aim is not to overturn one form of church organization, and to set up another, nor to take revenge upon the Romish priesthood, as the supporters of despotism and the Inquisition. No such thing; the simple and definite purpose of the promoters of the work is, to teach God's truth to men who were ignorant of it, to bring sinners to Christ, and to inculcate all the precepts of the Chris

The last "Quarterly Reporter of the Evangelical Continental Society," p. 5.

tian law of holiness. Beyond this there is tral board is placed a president, or moderno conspiracy or ulterior aim. There is ator. The general body of parties give up neither political cabal, nor Jesuitic intrigue, to these the control of affairs, and merely nor spiritual freemasonry in the matter. In this respect it differs from many modern reformations, in which the national soul has loathed and cast out the old superstitions, and strictly resembles the original introduction of Christianity by the conversion of individuals. The work is not more destructive than constructive. For every thing abandoned a substitute is provided. If all spiritual authority is denied to priest, council, and pope, it is claimed for God as revealed in his infallible Word. If sacramental efficacy is regarded as a fraud, and baptismal grace, transubstantiation, and extreme unction are repudiated, faith, hope, and charity are set forth as the fruits of the Spirit of God, the author of all goodness in man. If masses, and absolutions, merits, Madonnas, and saints are discarded, as of no avail to man's salvation, the blood of Christ is believed to cleanse from all sin, and the intercession of Christ is regarded as procuring access to God in every time of need. Bulls, excommunications, and anathemas are so much useless expenditure of rage and labor, because it is known Christ will cast out none that come to him. Purgatory is simply shut up; there is no use for it in God's plan of salvation. The popish conglomeration called the Church is an imposition, because the Church is made up of souls who believe in Christ. Hence, worldly rank, titles, and dignity, and such distinctions as those of popes, bishops, and priests, have no place in the kingdom of God, where all are truly priests and kings. Crosses, statues, pictures, and all such things, do more harm than good, and call off the attention from Christ and his salvation, the saints and their example. A man is not religious by his corporate capacity, nor by rite and ceremony, but by personal faith in Christ, and a personal work of the Holy Spirit in him. Religion is spiritual, and therefore the religious man looks to God for support, protection, and success, not to the patronage and alliances of earthly kings, rulers, and emperors.

recommend such measures as seem desirable. Considerable importance is attached to ordination, and an unordained minister is not permitted to dispense the communion. The principle of state endowments is not repudiated, and connection with civil governments is admitted in other ways. There are some other differences between the Waldenses and the free Italian Christians, but their fundamental principles are the same, and both are characterized by a noble zeal for Italian evangelization. Of course the movements of the Waldenses are more slow and formal, and probably more expensive. They have also another disadvantage, which is that the Italian language is not their mother tongue, and however fluently they may learn to speak it, they carry away from their valleys a rustic guttural accent, which is distasteful to those accustomed to the sweetness and harmony of the Tuscan tongue. Being, however, a regularly organized and recognized body, they have influence before the civil governments, and are likely to have respect and consideration. But this very organization, and their official character, sometimes create suspicion in the minds of the Italians, who have formed the habit of associating these qualities with Jesuistry, the Inquisition, and the priests. Those who can go to the people as their brethren, and on their own personal responsibility, are on the whole more likely to have speedy and extensive influence. The system and the discipline of the Waldenses, their known position and their recognized principles are not to be undervalued as useless; but it must be apparent to those who have watched the course of Italian evangelization for the last few years, that Providence has conferred special honor upon the free and almost unorganized laborers. During the last ten or twelve months this fact has been more apparent than ever, and at the present time the decided majority of evangelists in Italy proceed on the independent principle. They have some admirable men among them as leaders, which is very important where the We are very anxious not to misrepresent agents are necessarily widely scattered, and the principles and tactics of our Italian destitute of all worldly endowments and adfriends, and therefore we add, that while vantages. Dr. Desanctis, formerly a popunearly the whole of the preceding details lar priest in Rome, but now of Turin, is a apply to all of them, the Waldenses form a man of great personal excellence, and of a partial exception in reference to certain items truly apostolic spirit. He is an admirable connected with discipline and organization. preacher, an able writer, and a prudent The Vaudois form of church government is counsellor. His attention is particularly sufficiently characterized by the term Pres- devoted to the work of instruction, and with byterian. Denominational matters are very his amiable and accomplished wife, he has much in the hands of a committee of pastors established in Turin a school of about a huncalled the Table Vaudoise. Over this cen-dred children, in which he himself gives reg

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