The following letter, dated Turin, September, 6th, gives the fullest account. we have yet seen of the events which led to the capture of Garibaldi :—

"General Cialdini, upon hearing of Garibaldi's landing at Melito, in Calabria, lost no time in laying his plan of operations. He directed Generals Revel and Vialardi to occupy the narrow isthmus of Tiriolo, between Nicastro and Catanzaro -a strong position, which, if strongly guarded, most effectually cuts off the extreme peninsula of Calabria from the adjoining mainland. Having thus shut up Garibaldi within this comparatively small compass, Cialdini ordered the royal cruisers-the Garibaldi, Vittorio Emmanuele, and Tripoli-to ply along the gulfs of Squillace and St. Eufemia, and so to watch the coasts as to prevent Garibaldi from re-embarking. He then collected a considerable force at Reggio, and, placing Pallavicino at their head, he bade them look out for Garibaldi, to press upon him as closely as possible, so as to drive him towards the divisions of Revel and Vialardi on the isthmus, and whenever they came up with him to attack him, anywhere and anyhow,' unless he consented to an unconditional surrender. In less than forty-eight hours all the troops had taken their positions.

"Garibaldi, it seems, had landed at Melito with from 2,500 to 3,000 men; but, as he compelled his men to very laborious marches over the mountains, he strewed so many of them on his path, that, according to the report written by the officers of his staff on board the Duca di Genova, on the 31st of August, only about 1,500 of them had kept up with him when he took up his position at Aspromonte on the 28th, in the evening. He had, on the previous day, felt his way here and there, and reconnoitred the ground towards Gerace, St. Eufemia, Bagnara, and Palmi; but the first skirmishes with the royal troops soon convinced him that he had to deal with earnest adversaries, and he pitched his camp on the brow of the hill. Pallavicino looked for him along shore; but, upon glancing upwards, he beheld the red shirts on the mountain, west; and, following orders, he instantly divided his troops into three columns, and marched. He had with him the 6th Bersaglieri battalion, part of the 25th battalion of the same corps of light foot, part of the 4th regiment, under Colonel Eberhardt, a Prussian, companion of Garibaldi in 1860, and parts of the 29th and 57th regiments. On the whole, his force does not seem to have exceeded 1,800 men. The summit of Aspromonte consists of a vast triangular table-land, open towards the sea on the north-west, but covered with a wild wood on the inland side, where it joins the main Apennine ridge. Garibaldi had placed his men under cover of the wood, and his head-quarters were in a very small room of one of the two huts rising in the centre of that bleak Alpine platform. The place bears the name 'I Forstali.' The night between the 28th and 29th was cold and rainy. There were heavy showers from time to time, and violent gusts of wind, putting out the volunteer bivouac fires. In the evening and the morning scanty provisions were distributed; but the Garibaldian column was too strong to be able to support itself in the mountains, as it was too weak to fight its way through the royal forces. Garibaldi had come to the resolution of dividing his little army into two bands, with intent to direct them through different roads to a given point: but the royalists had already reached Arci; they had fallen-in with the Garibaldian outposts at St. Stefano; and before Garibaldi had collected all his stragglers, previous to a start, Pallavicino was upon him. It was on the 29th (a Friday-unlucky day!) that Pallavicino was at St. Stefano; two hours' march brought him to the table-land, on a level with the volunteers. baldi crossed a small stream that divided the plain; he moved towards the wooda very dense pine wood, which mantled the ground on the first undulation of the hills. As the advanced lines of the Bersaglieri reached the brow of the table-land, the whole of the Garibaldian youth had sought the shelter of the wood. It was about noon.

"So far there is little or no discrepancy between the various reports which I have before my eyes; but now I beg you to listen to the two hostile parties, as they tell their story one after another. The troops,' says the letter of a royal

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officer, an eye-witness, advanced to the attack; they were received by a rifle-shot, and the fight began; a column of the royal troops turned the left flank of the Garibaldians, and threatened them also in the rear. The volunteers were routed. Pallavicino waved a white handkerchief; the firing ceased, and a parlémentaire presented himself to Garibaldi. The latter was wounded: seeing the parlémentaire, he snatched up a revolver to shoot him; his own officers, who were by his side, had to tear the weapon from his hand. He cooled a little, and asked on what conditions they were to treat. 'On no conditions,' was the answer; passive surrender, and no terms.' If it be so,' Garibaldi replied, let us recommence the fire;' but this was impossible. All his camp was in utter disorder, enveloped all round by the royalists; he had to bow his head, and yield to fortune. The struggle had lasted an hour, or little more. There were about twelve killed between the two parties; the wounded were about one hundred.'

"Now for the report of the Garibaldian staff already alluded to:- Garibaldi was in the centre of the hill slope occupied by his column; he sent his officers all along the front with repeated, express, positive orders not to fire. We were being surrounded on all sides; the Bersaglieri were within shot; they had levelled their pieces; all our column was perfectly still. Not one shout; not one shot. The general alone stood up, with his wide gray plaid cloak lined with red, thrown on his massive shoulders, following the movements of the royalists with his spy-glass, and from time to time turning to repeat the order, 'Do not fire!' The officers took up the cry, and 'Do not fire!' went the round of the whole line. But the troops had, on the contrary, precise orders to attack. The Bersaglieri opened fire, and moved forward. No intimation or summons preceded the fire; no parlémentaire was sent. The firing deepens; the bullets hissed on all sides round our heads. Unfortunately some of our raw recruits, unaccustomed to such terrible sport, answered by a few random shots; the others did not stir. Every one kept his own ground, some standing, some seated. All the trumpets gave the signal to stop fire; all the officers verbally issued the same order. The troops, on the contrary, set up the signal forward,' and advanced with well-sustained fire. The general, always at his post, standing in the midst of the densest shower of balls, again cried, "Do not fire! He was uttering those words when two bullets struck him; one, a spent ball, on the thigh of the left leg; another, with full force, on the ankle of the left foot. Garibaldi, at the moment of being wounded, not only stood up, upright, but he assumed a majestic attitude; he took off his hat, and waving it with his left hand, he repeatedly cried, Long live Italy! do not fire! Some of the officers, the nearest to him, removed him, and laid him under a tree. There, with his habitual calmness, he continued to give his orders. The most precise were the following:-Let them come near. Do not fire!' On all our front the fire had ceased. Presently Menotti was brought to the spot. He also had been hit by a spent ball in the calf of his left leg. He was in great pain, unable to stand. Father and son were laid under the same tree; a group of officers and soldiers gathered round the general. He had lighted a cigar, and was smoking. He said to all, 'Do not fight! The officers, questioned by their soldiers, also invariably answered, 'Do not fight! The trumpets, too, never ceased from their signal, Stop fire!'-not for our men, but for the troops which fired as they advanced, even when they had come up and were mixed with our volunteers. From the first shot, to this moment, hardly a quarter of an hour elapsed. Here a strange sight presented itself. Friends, relatives, brothers, companions in recent battles, when they fought for their fatherland, meet and recognise each other. Some are clad in the red shirt, others in the regular uniform; and here were shaking hands, embraces, mutual reproaches and upbraidings, especially on the part of the red shirts, who protest and declare that 'all they wanted was Rome.'

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"The narrative proceeds, stating that here a appeared before Garibaldi, who bade him put off should be unarmed. Other Bersaglieri officers were

lieutenant of the staff (royal) his sword, as a parlémentaire disarmed in the same manner,

He

though the general soon afterwards ordered that their swords should be restored to them. Meanwhile the surgeons examined and dressed the general's wounds. bade them apply cold water to them, and all the time he smoked with great calmness and firmness. He asked whether an amputation was necessary?-in which case it should be done forthwith. The doctors assured him there was no occasion for such an operation. Garibaldi asked to see Pallavicino, who, twenty minutes later, came to him uncovered, and with every demonstration of respect. It was afterwards settled between the officers of both staffs, that the Garibaldian column should be disarmed, and placed under the escort of the royal troops. It was agreed that Garibaldi should be removed to Scylla, with as many of his officers as he wished to have with him, all of whom should retain their swords. The dead on both sides were very few; very few also the wounded. In corroboration of this assertion, I must state that the number of the wounded, on both sides, according to official tidings, does not exceed forty-eight.

"Towards evening the Garibaldians improvised a litter for the removal of their chief. After an hour's painful march, over rugged paths, they came to a hut where some wounded men had been laid. Garibaldi refused to abide there for the night. He wished to be taken to some other hut or hay-loft, where he might be alone. The journey in the dark, on so rough a road, must have caused great torture to the general; but he never uttered a complaint, nor a groan. They thus, after three hours' march, reached the hut of the Pastore Vincenzo, a spot well known to the heroes of the expedition of 1860. There, with straw and cloaks, they made up a bed, on which the general rested. The night was feebly lighted by the moon; great silence reigned over the country, only broken by the barking of the shepherds' dogs.' They prepared water for the hero's wounds; they gave him broth made of goat's flesh. It was midnight. At dawn they were up, constructing a more comfortable litter; at 6 A.M. they left for Scylla. When the sun rose they screened the hero by a laurel canopy. With the exception of a few halts of half-an-hour, they toiled down those dreary paths till 2 P.M., when they reached their destination.

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"At Scylla, Garibaldi, who had asked Pallavicino to obtain for him leave to embark on board an English vessel, was informed that his request could not be complied with. The number of officers who were to accompany him was also reduced to ten. Garibaldi instantly embarked on board the Duca di Genova, which was ready for departure. The boats which conveyed him on board passed before the Stella d'Italia, on the deck of which were General Cialdini, Admiral Albini, and others. No salutation passed between the prisoner and his captors.' Two or three volunteers (orderlies), who had been allowed by Pallavicino for Garibaldi's personal service, were sent back by an order of Cialdini, conveyed through Albini; but the order was revoked, and the orderlies were suffered to accompany their chief. Garibaldi parted with his companions with the cry, ‘A Roma! A Roma! The treatment of the prisoners on board the Duca di Genova was, by their own confession, most courteous and considerate.'

"I have thus given the pro and con of all I could collect respecting this melancholy affair. To readers who are able to compare notes with something like critical discernment, the real truth will shine forth with irresistible clearness. That Garibaldi wished to avoid an encounter, and Pallavicino had orders to seek it, appears very evident. The king's government felt the necessity of dealing a decisive blow, and ending a game which had been suffered to continue too long. For the rest, after the fight, both parties behaved with honour and moderation; and, bating exaggeration, neither of them has any reason for dissatisfaction."

Since the above was written, the report of General Cialdini on the engagement at Aspromonte, has been published in the Turin Gazette. The report states, that the instructions given to Colonel Pallavicino were, to pursue Garibaldi unremittingly if he sought to fly; to attack him if he offered battle, and to destroy his band. The official Gazette also publishes Colonel Pallavicino's report; according to

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every gesture and look of which the impassioned Italian frame is capable, signified their enthusiastic concurrence in the sentiments, to the utterance of which they lent every power with which nature had gifted them. The choir and orchestra, inspired by the fervent action of their excellent conductor, who, with his national colours tastefully displayed upon his breast, threw himself with all the ardour of a loving compatriot into his work, seconded their efforts nobly; and thus a chorus was produced, such as can never be forgotten by the least susceptible individual who was privileged to hear the strain, and see under what circumstances it was sung. At the first line of the refrain, "O Garibaldi nostro, salvatore," the audience, moved by one impulse, rose up, and remained standing, turned towards the Italian hero, during the remainder of the piece. When all was ended, the voice of the multitude found scope; and men and women, artists and conductor, laid down their respective functions to join in one overpowering demonstration of enthusiastic devotion to the serene-looking and noble man, who looked down in a sort of glad, yet quiet wonder, too great to be confused by this tumultuous homage; and replied better by his sympathetic eyes, moved lips, and very simple gestures, than by any amount of actions, such as are associated with heroes of a similar kind. The chorus of Ernani was made to do homage to the general by the words "A Garibaldi gloria" being substituted for the name of Charles the Fifth; and this was followed by the English national anthem, the solo verse of which was finely sung by Mademoiselle Fricci. Then followed a well-merited cheer for Arditi, and many more for Garibaldi and Menotti, whose departure from their gallery terminated the concert.

Other

At the close of the proceedings swords were presented to Garibaldi and his son, by the Italians resident in London. Garibaldi received his sword with the words"I thank you, Italians, for this beautiful present. I promise you I will never unsheathe it in the cause of tyrants, and will draw it only in support of oppressed nationalities. I hope yet to carry it with me to Rome and to Venice." presentations were made, and other addresses offered; after which the general and his party returned to London. On his way back from the Crystal Palace, the general paid a visit to the Duke of Somerset, at his official residence at the Admiralty. In the evening he dined with Lord and Lady Palmerston, at Cambridge House.

of

In the midst of all this popularity, the public were thunderstruck by hearing Garibaldi was suddenly to leave England. The explanation, believed in many places, was, that he was sent away in consequence of an intimation from high quarters that his presence here was a cause of embarrassment between England and France. The public said Garibaldi never was in better health; that Mr. Gladstone was deputed to give Garibaldi the hint; and that the whole affair was a disgraceful truckling to the French emperor. The official statement of the Premier, course, denied this; but more than one smile was seen on many an M.P.'s face while Lord Palmerston gravely assured the House of Commons, that, so far from the French emperor's being hurt by the reception afforded to Garibaldi, on the contrary, he had expressed to the Earl of Clarendon his delight at it. The writer of this may be excused for being sceptical on this point, as the last time he was at Paris, the orders were that no portraits of Garibaldi were to be exposed for sale. But the real truth is, Garibaldi's health was suffering. The excitement and the change of living were too much for him. On Monday night, after the general's return from the Crystal Palace, he was so confused that he could not recollect whether he had been to the Crystal Palace once or twice. Rest, therefore, he required; but why not rest in England? And then he might have visited the great towns which had such strong claims on his presence. In the meanwhile, let it be said that every one was delighted with him, and that, in his foreign English, he has pretty well made a clean breast of it politically. He was understood to prefer Mr. Russell (as he calls him) to Mr. Palmerston; the latter aged statesman he considered to be far too friendly with the French emperor; and we need not add that Louis Napoleon, many