justice, self-advantage, impiety of
divine self-sacrifice, immorality of
a Gospel for sinners, reason, ii,
339-344; presentation of the Gos-
pel, and the elements of pagan
responsiveness, ii, 344-349; Paul's
speech at Athens and Epistle to
the Romans, ii, 318, 346–348; the
appeal to the pagan conscience,
ii, 347; the change in converts,
ii, 349; the opposition roused, ii,
350; Christians hated as Jews, ii,
352; nocturnal meetings, ii, 354;
Christians called atheists, ii, 355;
government measures against
them, ii, 355-360; the Roman
principle of intolerance, ii, 357;
Pliny's letter to Trajan, ii, 358;
the course of the persecutions, ii,
360-364; its reasons, ii, 364–369;
Christian misunderstanding of
them, ii, 369-374; imperial jeal-
ousy of corporate organization, ii,
374-376

Romans, characteristics, i, 386, 400,
402, 407, 414, 417; ii, 10; ability
for self-government, i, 387; native
literature and art, i, 389, 429; the
Family, i, 389; patria potestas, i,
390; wife's position, i, 391; early
constitution of the state, i, 392;
the king, i, 393; kingship abol-
ished, i, 394; magistracies, i, 394;
patricians and plebeians, i, 395;
demands of the Latins, i, 395;
agrarian struggles, i, 396; politi-
cal development, i, 397; senate
and senatorial government, i, 398;
early military organization, i, 400;
camps, i, 401; international ethics,
i, 403; religion, i, 406; the early
law of debtor and creditor, i, 410-
414; early Greek influence upon,
i, 416 et seq., art and architecture
under the Republic, i, 429; their
position in human progress, ii,
384, 385. See Roman Empire
Romans, Paul's epistle to, ii, 315
Rome, advantages of situation, i,
388; condition in Cæsar's time,
i, 453, 454. See Roman Empire,

Romans

Rutilius, ii, 342

S

Sacramento, legis actio, i, 411, 413
Sacrifices, conception of in Ancient

India, i,67, et seq.; connection with

penances, i, So, note 3; none in
Buddhism, i, 96; in the Avesta,
i, 117, note; with the Hebrew
prophets, ii, 142, 143

Sadducees, ii, 227, 228, 251, 263
Samaritan woman, discourse with,
ii, 285
Samnites, i, 404

Samuel, ii, 107-109

Sappho, i, 247, 253, 353, 354
Sargon of Accad, i, 33

Satires of Lucilius, i, 424, 435; of
Persius, ii, 49; of Juvenal, ii, 50,

51

Saturnian metre, i, 418, 422
Saul, ii, 108, 109

Sceptics, later Greek philosophers,
i, 384

Scipio Africanus, (the elder) speech
of, i, 403; attitude towards Greek
culture, i, 424

Scipio Africanus, the younger, i,
424

Scopas, i, 273; characteristics of
art, i, 361; the Niobe, i, 367
Sculpture, Egyptian, i, 31
Sculpture, Greek, its mode of setting

forth personality, i, 265; progress
in, i, 271; early examples, i, 272;
the beauty sought, i, 273; differ-
ences in carving gods and athletes,
i, 277; unity and symmetry, i,
278; in relief, i, 278; pediments
of Parthenon and the temple at
Ægina, i, 278-281; later Greek,
i, 361-370

"Second Isaiah," ii, 141; passages
from, ii, 139; the servant of
Jehovah in, ii, 155 et seq.

Semites and Aryans, conceptions of
sin, i, 63; conceptions of deity,
ii, 99

Semites, in Mesopotamia, i, 32
Senate and Senatorial government
at Rome, i, 398; remodelled by
Cæsar, i, 458

Seneca, ii, 57-60, 394
Sermon on the Mount, ii, 258, 271
Servant, the, of Jehovah, ii, 154-

171; correspondence in character
with Christ, ii, 238

Severus, Alexander and Septimius,
ii, 363

Shades, conception of in Homer, i,
161

Shun, Chinese emperor, i, 46
Simonides Iambograph, i, 221
Simonides of Keos, i, 221; ii, 387

Sin, sense of, in Babylonia, i, 35;
among Semites and Aryans, i, 63;
in the Avesta, i, 112. See Israel
Siren song, in Homer, i, 199
Slaves, modification of their condi
tion under Roman Empire, ii, 54
Social war, i, 396

Socrates, speech upon love in the
Symposium, i, 256; conception of
beauty, i, 260, note; philosophy
and ethics, i, 317-321, 371; death
of, i, 308; ii, 65, 369
Solomon, ii, 117, 118; psalms of, ii,
230, 231

Solon, i, 221

Soma, ancient Indian god, i, 67 et
seq.

Son of Man, the, in the books of
Daniel and Enoch, ii, 229, 230
Sophists, the, i, 316, 384
Sophocles, i, 216, 228 et seq.; ii,
387, 394; his mode of greatening
human quality, i, 251, 263; ethos
in his dramas, i, 294

Sparta, i, 235, 241; in the time of
Cleomenes, i, 346

Spells, see Magic, Incantation
Spirit, conceivable only as person-
ality, ii, 304

Spurius Cassius, i, 450

State, the Greek, i, 234 et seq.
Stilpo, the Megarian philosopher, i,
372

Stoicism, i, 374; ii, 336, 339; phys-
ics, i, 375; conception of God,
i, 376; ii, 337; Providence, i,
376, 377; ethics, i, 377; ii, 336;
apathy, i, 378; conscience, i, 379;
at Rome under Republic, i, 441 ;
in the time of the Roman Empire,
ii, 56 et seq.; Seneca, ii, 57-60;
its religiousness and thoughts of
God, ii, 59 et seq.; Epictetus, ii,
60-65; its pathos, Marcus Au-
relius, ii, 65-76; the stoical fail-
ure, ii, 76, 77; place in human
progress, ii, 391
Sumer-Acad, peaceful character of,
i, 15; beliefs of as to a future
life, i, 19; culture, i, 32; Ea, i,
33

Sun, late pagan worship of, ii, 90,
94

Suppliants, the, i, 226

Symbolism, in Ancient India, i, 67

et seq.

Symmetry in Greek sculpture, i,
278

Synoptic gospels and their relation
to the Fourth Gospel, analogies of
method, ii, 240-245; question of
their composition, ii, 241, note

Tacitus, ii, 49

T

Talionis, lex, in early Roman law,
i, 414, note; in Israel, ii, 118
Taoism, Chinese philosophy, i, 54
Tartarus, in Æneid VI, ii, 21
Tathāgata, title of Buddha, i, 91
Tatian, ii, 370

Teiresias, in Hades, i, 163
Telemachus, i, 175, 182

Tell el Amarna, cuniform tablets, i,
131; ii, for

Temperance, Greek, i, 202, 241, et
seq.

Temples, Egyptian, i, 29; Greek. i,
269, 281

Terence, i, 425

Tertullian, ii, 348, 371-375

Thales, i, 303, 306

Themis, i, 205, 206, 214, 247

Themistocles, i, 233

Theocritus, i, 355, 357

Theognis, i, 202, 221

Thetis, i, 160, 168
Thothmes III., i, 24

Thoughts, the, of Marcus Aurelius,
ii, 67 et seq.
Thrasea, ii, 60

Tibullus, ii, 41, 52

Tiryns, i, 140; fresco from palace,
i, 141

Tragedy, Greek, origin, i, 286;
Aristotle's definition, i, 287; the
plot, i, 288; function of chorus,
i, 289; the messenger in, i, 290;
ethos in, i, 291 et seq.; Sophocles
and Euripides, i, 294 et seq.;
effect of, i, 298; the tragic char-
acter, i, 298

Trajan, and the Christians, ii, 359,
361, 362
Transmigration,
thoughts, i, 72

Ancient Indian

Treaties, formal requirements in
regard to, at Rome, i, 405
Troy, civilization of, i, 129
Truth, the, shall make you free,"
ii, 289; the three stages of, ii,
302, 305; sanctification in, ii,
305
Turnus, character in the Æneid, ii,
16, 17

Phæacians, i, 182

Phado, the, i, 283, 322
Pharaohs, i, 23; statues of, i, 32
Pharisees, ii, 227, 228, 251, 263,
270

Phidian sculpture, characteristics in

common with the Psalms, ii, 200
Phidias, his greatening of human
quality, i, 251, 263, 265; qualities
of his art, i, 274 et seq.; ii, 389;
sculpture in Parthenon pediments,
i, 280, 281; statue of Athene, i,
285; compared with Scopas and
Praxiteles, i, 363

Philip the Arabian, ii, 363
Philo of Alexandria, ii, 78, 274, note
Philosophy, see Greek Philosophy
Philosophy at Rome in the time of

the Republic, i, 439-444; position
of Cicero, i, 446

Philosophy in the time of the Roman
Empire, ii, 56 et seq.; differences
between the earlier and the later
philosophy, ii, 56, 335-336; Sen-
eca, ii, 57-60; stoical religious-
ness, ii, 59 et seq.; Epictetus, ii,
60-65; pathos of stoicism, Marcus
Aurelius, ii, 65-76; the stoical
failure, ii, 76, 77; transition to
Neo-Platonism, ii, 77; Philo, ii,
78; Neo-Pythagoreans, Apollo-
nius of Tyana, ii, 78, 79; Plutarch,
ii, 79; Plotinus and Neo-Plato-
nism, ii, 57, 77, 80 et seq., see Neo-
Platonism; Porphyry, ii, 88;
Iamblichus, ii, 88, 89; Proclus,
ii, 89; Julian, ii, 92–96
Philosophy, Indian, i, 72 et seq.
Phoebus Apollo, his character in
Homer, i, 158, 192

Phoenicians, i, 132; Homeric por-
trayal of, i, 134; influence on
Greece, the Alphabet, i, 136
Pindar, i, 202, 204, 205, 218, 222 et
seq., 243, 352, 360; ii, 387, 389;
thoughts of future life, i, 223; his
way of greatening human qualities,
i, 250 et seq., fourth Pythian ode
compared with seventy-eighth
psalm, ii, 200, note I
Plato, thoughts on music, i, 245,
246; extract from the Phædrus, i,
253; the Symposium, and the con-
ception of Eros (love), i, 253 et
seq., 325; his conception of beauty,
i, 259; nature of his philosophy,
i, 321-326, 371; metaphysics of
definition, i, 326; modes of his

teaching, the Ideas, i, 328; phys-
ics, i, 330; ethics, i, 331; God
and the Idea of the Good, i, 329-
331; virtue and knowledge, i,
332-334; pleasure, i, 335; influ-
ence on Cicero, i, 446; place in
human progress, ii, 389, 406, 407,
409, 410

Platonism and Christianity, ii, 339,
406, 407, 409, 410
Plautus, i, 420, 435

Plebeians, assertion of
rights, i, 395, 399

political

Pliny, ii, 52; letter to Trajan as to
the Christians, ii, 358

Plot, the, in Greek tragedy, i, 288
Plotinus the Neo-Platonist, ii, 80;

the "First," ii, 81; the Nous, ii,
82; the soul, ii, 83; the sensible
world, ii, 63; ethics, purification,
union with God, ii, 84-87; char-
acter and outcome of his phi-
losophy, ii, 86-88
Plutarch, ii, 79

Poetics, the, of Aristotle, i, 286 et
seq.

Poetry, Confucian conception of, i,

51; of the Rig- Veda, its character,
i, 60; Greek, exemplifying Greek
ideals, i, 249. See under names
of the poets.

Polybius, i, 397, 417, 424, 434
Polyclitus, i, 262, 275
Polygnotus, i, 294

Polytheism, as championed by phi-
losophy under the Empire, ii, 81,
87 et seq.; strength of, ii, 90 et seq.
Populus Romanus, i, 394
Poseidon, his character in Homer, i,
159, 170, 172, 200
Posidonius, i, 441
Pottery, Mycenæan, i, 142
Prætor, legal functions of, i, 412
Praxiteles, characteristics of his art,
i, 273, 361 et seq.; the Niobe, i,
367
Prayer, ancient Indian conceptions,
i, 71, 78; in Homer, i, 160, 178;
in Christianity, ii, 262, 398
Priam, i, 186, 187; scene with Achil-
les, i, 190
Proclus, ii, 89

Progress, human, i, 1-10; ii, 377
Prometheus Bound, the, i, 224
Propertius, ii, 22, note 2, 52
Prophets, the Hebrew, function and

character of teachings, ii, 129-
132; completors of Israel's re-

ligion, ii, 133; Monotheism, ii,
135; conception of Jehovah's love,
ii, 137; conception of Jehovah as
a law of righteousness, ii, 140;
Messianic prophecy, ii, 146 e' seq.;
the Messiah-King, ii, 150-154;
the servant of Jehovah, ii, 154-
165; the Last Judgment, ii, 167;
Israel's restoration and Jehovah's
presence, ii, 169-171
Propitiation, ii, 317
Protagoras, i, 317

Proverbs, the Book of, its teachings,
ii, 202; wisdom, God's plan, ii,
203; fear of the Lord, righteous-
ness, ii, 205

Providence, conception of, in Stoi-
cism, i, 376. 377

Provinces, of Roman Empire, Cæsar's

care for, i, 458; organization, ii,
7; Latin language in, ii, 30
Psalms, Babylonian, i, 37
Psalms, the, artist qualities of
Greece and Israel, ii, 172, 200;
Hebrew poetry, ii, 174; the
thought of Jehovah in the Psalter,
ii, 175; Jehovah's love, ii, 178;
the psalmist's sense of self and
God, ii, 182; the soul's right atti-
tude, ii, 184; love of Jehovah, ii,
191; thoughts of death, ii, 192;
let God arise, ii, 195; lyric uni-
versality of the psalms, ii, 199–
201; Davidic origin, ii, III, note
Psalms of Messianic character, ii,
148, 149

Psalms of Solomon, ii, 230, 231
Ptah, Egyptian god, i, 21
Ptahotep, Egyptian nomarch, i, 16,
20; precepts of, i, 24
Purity, conception of, in Avesta, i,

Religion, character of the early
Roman, i, 406-410; the auspicia,
i, 406, 408; festivals, i, 409; com-
pared with Greek religion, i, 409;
influence of Greece upon, i, 431 ;
of Egyptians, see Egyptians; of
Babylonians, see Babylonians; of
Chinese, see Chinese; of India,
see India and Buddhism; of Israel,
see Israel; universality of, wherein
consists, ii, 388. See Christianity
Religiousness of later Stoicism, ii,
59 et seq.

Religious toleration at Rome, ii, 357
Republic, the Roman, final political

development of, in government by
the Senate, i, 397. See Romans
Responsa prudentium, i, 410
Resurrection, in the Avesta, i, 118;
in later Jewish thought, ii, 228;
of Christ, ii, 233, note 2; in Paul's
writings, ii, 317-322

Retribution and fate, i, 212
Revelation of God, ii, 344, 345, 400
Righteousness (Hebrew), ii, 218
Righteousness of Jehovah, ii, 134;
a law of righteousness for Israel,
ii, 140; sanction of, ii, 165
Rig Veda, i, 58 et seq.; character of
the poems, i, 60; the gods, i, 61;
future life, i, 66; origin of the
world, i, 66

Rita, Indian conception, i, 64; ii,
401

Ritual, the Hebrew, ii, 220; Mosaic
origin, ii, 111, note

Roman art and architecture under
the Republic, i, 429
Roman comedy, i, 420, 425
Roman Empire, the, the situation in
Augustus's time, ii, 1 et seq.; re-
organization of provinces, ii, 7;
the political and social ideal, ii, 7
et seq.; the dignity of, ii, 28; the
Hellenic east, the Latin west, ii,
29; the Jews, ii, 31. See Roman
World and Christianity
Roman law, the early, i, 410-414;
under the Empire, ii, 53, 385
Roman religion, see Religion
Roman women, under the Republic,
i, 391; under the Empire, ii, 52
Roman World and Christianity, ii,
334 et seq.; the new era, ii, 334;
the brotherhood of man, ii, 336;
spiritual condition and religious
mood, ii, 336-338; need of Chris-
tianity, and the spiritual obstacles;

justice, self-advantage, impiety of
divine self-sacrifice, immorality of
a Gospel for sinners, reason, ii,
339-344; presentation of the Gos-
pel, and the elements of pagan
responsiveness, ii, 344-349; Paul's
speech at Athens and Epistle to
the Romans, ii, 318, 346–348; the
appeal to the pagan conscience,
ii, 347; the change in converts,
ii, 349; the opposition roused, ii,
350; Christians hated as Jews, ii,
352; nocturnal meetings, ii, 354;
Christians called atheists, ii, 355;
government measures against
them, ii, 355-360; the Roman
principle of intolerance, ii, 357;
Pliny's letter to Trajan, ii, 358;
the course of the persecutions, ii,
360-364; its reasons, ii, 364-369;
Christian misunderstanding of
them, ii, 369-374; imperial jeal-
ousy of corporate organization, ii,
374-376

Romans, characteristics, i, 386, 400,
402, 407, 414, 417; ii, 10; ability
for self-government, i, 387; native
literature and art, i, 389, 429; the
Family, i, 389; patria potestas, i,
390; wife's position, i, 391; early
constitution of the state, i, 392;
the king, i, 393; kingship abol-
ished, i, 394; magistracies, i, 394;
patricians and plebeians, i, 395;
demands of the Latins, i, 395;
agrarian struggles, i, 396; politi-
cal development, i, 397; senate
and senatorial government, i, 398;
early military organization, i, 400;
camps, i, 401; international ethics,
i, 403; religion, i, 406; the early
law of debtor and creditor, i, 410-
414; early Greek influence upon,
i, 416 et seq., art and architecture
under the Republic, i, 429; their
position in human progress, ii,
384, 385. See Roman Empire
Romans, Paul's epistle to, ii, 315
Rome, advantages of situation, i,
388; condition in Cæsar's time,
i, 453, 454. See Roman Empire,

Romans

Rutilius, ii, 342

S

Sacramento, legis actio, i, 411, 413
Sacrifices, conception of in Ancient

India, i,67, et seq.; connection with

penances, i, So, note 3; none in
Buddhism, i, 96; in the Avesta,
i, 117, note; with the Hebrew
prophets, ii, 142, 143

Sadducees, ii, 227, 228, 251, 263
Samaritan woman, discourse with,
ii, 285

Samnites, i, 404

Samuel, ii, 107-109

Sappho, i, 247, 253, 353, 354
Sargon of Accad, i, 33

Satires of Lucilius, i, 424, 435; of
Persius, ii, 49; of Juvenal, ii, 50,
51
Saturnian metre, i, 418, 422
Saul, ii, 108, 109

Sceptics, later Greek philosophers,
i, 384

Scipio Africanus, (the elder) speech
of, i, 403; attitude towards Greek
culture, i, 424

Scipio Africanus, the younger, i,

424

Scopas, i, 273; characteristics of
art, i, 361; the Niobe, i, 367
Sculpture, Egyptian, i, 31
Sculpture, Greek, its mode of setting

forth personality, i, 265; progress
in, i, 271; early examples, i, 272;
the beauty sought, i, 273; differ-
ences in carving gods and athletes,
i, 277; unity and symmetry, i,
278; in relief, i, 278; pediments
of Parthenon and the temple at
Ægina, i, 278-281; later Greek,
i, 361-370
"Second Isaiah," ii, 141; passages
from, ii, 139; the servant of
Jehovah in, ii, 155 et seq.
Semites and Aryans, conceptions of
sin, i, 63; conceptions of deity,

ii, 99

Semites, in Mesopotamia, i, 32
Senate and Senatorial government
at Rome, i, 398; remodelled by
Cæsar, i, 458

Seneca, ii, 57-60, 394
Sermon on the Mount, ii, 258, 271
Servant, the, of Jehovah, ii, 154-

171; correspondence in character
with Christ, ii, 238

Severus, Alexander and Septimius,
ii, 363

Shades, conception of in Homer, i,

161

Shun, Chinese emperor, i, 46
Simonides Iambograph, i, 221
Simonides of Keos, i, 221; ii, 387