352; looked on as atheists by
pagans, ii, 353; see Judaism,
Israel.

Job, the problem of, ii, 208-214;
dramatic greatness of personality,
ii, 384, note
Jocasta, i, 207

John, first epistle of, ii, 279; life
eternal, ii, 325; teaching of love
in, ii, 327, 331, 332; see Gospel
of John

John the Baptist, preaching of, ii,
250

Joseph, ii, 124, 127

Joyousness, a principle of Greek

life, i, 152; ii, 392; included in
Christianity, ii, 406

Judaism, the later, Babylonian and
Greek influence on, ii, 223-225;
the strength of Israel, ii, 225; the
law and its tradition (Mishna), ii,
226; Pharisees and Sadducees,
ii, 227; Apocalyptic prophecy, ii,
228; immortality and resurrec-
tion, ii, 228; the Messiah, ii,
229-231, 237

Judges, time of the, ii, 106, 107
Judices, in early Roman law, i, 412
Julian, character and opposition to
Christianity, ii, 92, 93; his phi-
losophy and sun-worship, ii, 94;
attemped revival of paganism, ii,
95

Justice, as a pagan conception, ii,
340

Justin, ii, 370

Justinian's Institutes, ii, 54
Juvenal, ii, 49–51, 393

K

Karma, Indian conception, i, 82;
in Buddhism, i, 89, 93
Khufu and Khafra, Egyptian pha-
raohs, i, 23. 32

Kingdom of Heaven, ii, 250
Koheleth (Ecclesiastes), ii, 214-216

L

Lactantius, ii, 370

Laius, house of, i, 206 et seq.
Laocoon, the, i, 367

Lao-tze, Chinese sage, i, 54

Last Judgment, the, Hebraic con-
ception, ii, 167, 228

Latin language, effect on provin-
cials, ii, 30

Latins, demand a share in Roman
government, i, 395

Law, the early Roman; Twelve
Tables, i, 410; debtor and

creditor i, 411-414; under the
Empire, ii, 53

Law, the Hebrew, ii, 111, note; a
reflex of Jehovah's ways, ii, 216;
"thou shalt love the Lord thy
God," ii, 217; Holiness and right-
eousness, ii, 218; the ritual, ii,
prohibition of idolatry, ii, 222;
220; the law and its tradition
(Mishna) in later Judaism, ii,
226; character of its fulfilment
by Christianity, ii, 235; Paul's
views, ii, 313-316, 322
Legion, the Roman, i, 400
Legis actio sacramento, i, 411, 413
Leisure, Greek idea of, ii, 388
Lepidus, ii, 3, 4

Lesbia and Catullus, 1, 427
Leucippus, i, 313
Liberty, see Freedom

Life after death, see Future life
Litæ (Prayers) in Homer, i, 160
Livius Adronicus, i, 419
Love, in Homer, i, 181 et seq.; the
Platonic conception, i, 254; in
Euripides' dramas, i, 295 et seq.;
as a motive in Alexandrian litera-
ture, i, 351-361; love-stories, i,
356; thoughts of at Rome under
the Empire, ii, 52; in Israel, ii,
145; christian, ii, 263-268, 282-
284, 291, 294, 295, 297, 298, 300,
303, 311, 409-411; the teaching
of in Paul and John, ii, 327-332
Love and Hate, in Empedocles'
philosophy, i, 312

Lucilius, i, 424, 435

Lucretius, as poet, i, 425; his tem-
perament and philosophy, i, 435-
439; influence on Virgil, ii, 9
Lyric mode of narration, ii, 200,

note I

Lyric poetry, loss of, possible con-
tents, i, 354

Lyric unity, ii, 200, note I

Lyric universality of the psalms, ii,
199-201

Lysippus, characteristics of his art,
i, 364

M

Magians, relations to Zarathush-
trianism, i, 119 et seq.

412

Mahā-bhārata, Indian epic, i, 78
Majestas, ii, 6, 356

Manlius Torquatus, i, 402

Manu, and other Indian codes, i, 79

et seq.

Marcus Aurelius, ii, 30, 65–76; his
character and the pathos of his
philosophy, ii, 65; his religious-
ness ii, 67; insufficiency of his
philosophy, ii, 71-77, 335, 337,
392, 394; persecution of the
Christians, ii, 363
Marius, i, 401, note

Marriage, Paul's views, and Christ's,
ii, 312; divorce, ii, 271, note
"Martyrs," use of the word in the
New Testament, ii, 360
Maruts, Indian gods, i, 62
Mastaba, Egyptian tomb, i, 17
Mazda, see Ahura Mazda
Mazdaism, its possible influence

on the Jews, ii, 223; position in
human development, ii, 381; see
Avesta, Zarathushtra

Mean, the, in Greek thought, i, 202,

227, 241; with Aristotle, i, 337
Medes, connection with Zarathush-
trianism, i, 119

Megarian philosophy, i, 372
Menander, his comedies translated

by Plautus, i, 420, and by Terence,
i, 425; supplants Aristophanes,
ii, 390

Mercurius, i, 409
Merodach, Babylonian god, i, 37,

40; referred to in Cyrus's inscrip-
tion, i, 122, note

Mesopotamian culture, i, 32; see
Sumer-Accad

Messiah, the, in later Judaism, ii,
229-231; relations to Christianity,
ii, 237

Messianic prophecy, ii, 132, 146 et
seq., 228-231; diversity and com-
prehensiveness of, ii, 146; the
covenants and the Messiah-King,
Messianic psalms, ii, 147; the
Messiah-King in the prophets, ii,
150-154; the servant of Jeho-
vah, ii, 154-165; Isaiah liii, ii,
161; the Last Judgment, ii, 167;
Israel's restoration, ii, 168; pres-
ence of Jehovah, ii, 169–171

thoughts, i, 72

ancient Indian

Military organization, in early Rome,
i, 400

Miltiades, i, 233

Mimnermus, i, 152, 221; ii, 38
Minos, i, 163

Minstrelsy, in Homer, i, 180
Minucius, Felix, ii, 370
Mithra worship, ii, 90, 94
Mitra, Indian god, i, 63,65
Mosaic legislation, ii, 111, note
Moschus, i, 358

Moses, ii, 102-105, 124, 125
Muses, in Homer, i, 160
Music, Confucian conception, i, 51;
with Plato and Aristotle, i, 245.
246
Mycenæan civilization, i, 139; archi-
tecture, goldsmith's work, pottery,
i, 140 et seq.; its Greek spirit, i,
143 et seq.; attacks on Egypt and
on Troy, i, 144; date of Myce-
næan civilization, i, 145; relation
to the Homeric epics, i, 146
Myron, i, 274; discus-thrower, i, 277
Mysteries, the, ii, 77, 89, 397
Mythology, basis of, in conflict of
natural powers, i, 21

N

Naboth, ii, 130
Nævius, i, 421
Nathan, ii, 115, 129, 147
Nausicaa, i, 182
Nebuchadnezzar's inscription, i, 40
Neo-Platonism, ii, 57, 77, 80 et seq.,
285; transition to, ii, 77; champion
of Polytheism, ii, 81; Plotinus, his
system, ii, 80; the "First," ii, 81;
the Nous, ii, 82; the soul, ii, 83;
the sensible world, ii, 83; ethics,
purification, union with God, ii,
84-87; the result, ii, 86–88, 396;
its dualism as preparatory for
Christianity, ii, 338; Porphyry, ii,
88; Iamblichus, ii, 88, 89; Pro-
clus, ii, 89; Julian, ii, 92-96
Neo-Pythagoreans, ii, 78, 79
Nero, ii, 28, 60; persecutions of
Christians. ii, 358, 359, 361

New Academy, the, i, 384
New Testament, priority of Gospels
to the rest of, ii, 309; deflections
from the universality of Christ, ii,
311
Nicodemus, discourse with, ii, 284

Nineveh, destruction of, i, 43
Niobe, in Homer, i, 192
Niobe, the, i, 367
Nirvana, i, 99

Northern Buddhism, i, 101, note 2

Northern Kingdom, the, of Israel,
ii, 149, 150

Nous, the, of Anaxagoras, i, 312;
of Plotinus, ii, 81, 82

Octavius, his career until Actium,
ii, 2. See Augustus

Octavius, the, of Minucius Felix, ii,
370

Odysseus, sayings, i, 163, 177; his
character, i, 188, 194 et seq.
Odyssey, description of Phoenicians
in, i, 134

Edipus, i, 207 et seq.

Edipus Coloneus, the, i, 216
Edipus, the, i, 289, 290, 291, 294
Oligarchies, Greek, i, 235
Oracles, ii, 77, 80

Oriental elements in paganism, ii,
90-94

Ormazd and Ahriman, i, 119. See
Ahura-Mazda

Osiris, Egyptian god of the dead,

Pathos, in Homer, i, 180, 194; ii,
32-40; in Virgil, ii, 32-40; in
Catullus, i, 426; in Horace, ii,
44, 45; in later Greek sculpture,
i, 366; the Niobe and the Lao-
coön, i, 367

Patria potestas, the, i, 390
Patriarchs, the narratives of, ii, 99;
ethics of those narratives, ii, 123
Patricians and plebeians, i, 395, 399
Patroclus, i, 170-172, 189
Paul, acquaintance with Gospel data,
ii, 309; love of Christ, ii, 311
seems to ignore works, ii, 312;
views of marriage, ii, 312; his
dialectic, ii, 313; epistle to the
Romans, ii, 315, 347; freedom
from the law, ib.; election,"
ii, 316; propitiation, ii, 317;
resurrection and life eternal, ii,
317-322; 1 Cor. xv, ii, 319; the
function of faith, ii, 322; his
teaching of love, ii, 327-332;
presentation of the Gospel to
pagans, ii, 318, 346-348; at Phil-
ippi and Ephesus, ii, 351

Paulus, L. Æmilius, i, 424
Pediments of Parthenon and temple
at Ægina, i, 279-281

Penances in India, i, 80; none in
Buddhism, i, 85, 96
Pentaur, poem of, i, 27

Pergamon, realistic sculpture from,
i, 368

Pericles, i, 151, 232, 242

Persecutions of Christians, ii, 355-
364; their causes, ii, 350-355,
364-369

Persephone, i, 163

Persian influence on the Jews, ii,
223

Persian Kings, tombs of, i, 119, note

4

Persians, connection with Zarathush-
trianism, i, 119 et seq.; burial
customs, i, 119; character and
empire, i, 122 et seq.; architec-
ture, i, 124; originally freemen,
i, 125; adopt cuniform writing,
i, 138

Persius, ii, 49, 50

Personality, human, i, 7-10, 264 ; ii,
377; spirit conceivable only as, ii,

304

Peter, ii, 241, note, 256, 273, 288,
311; first epistle of, ii, 360, 365,
366
Petronius, ii, 49

Phæacians, i, 182

Phado, the, i, 283, 322
Pharaohs, i, 23; statues of, i, 32
Pharisees, ii, 227, 228, 251, 263,
270

Phidian sculpture, characteristics in

common with the Psalms, ii, 200
Phidias, his greatening of human
quality, i, 251, 263, 265; qualities
of his art, i, 274 et seq.; ii, 389;
sculpture in Parthenon pediments,
i, 280, 281; statue of Athene, i,
285; compared with Scopas and
Praxiteles, i, 363

Philip the Arabian, ii, 363
Philo of Alexandria, ii, 78, 274, note
Philosophy, see Greek Philosophy
Philosophy at Rome in the time of

the Republic, i, 439-444; position
of Cicero, i, 446

Philosophy in the time of the Roman

Empire, ii, 56 et seq.; differences
between the earlier and the later
philosophy, ii, 56, 335-336; Sen-
eca, ii, 57-60; stoical religious-
ness, ii, 59 et seq.; Epictetus, ii,
60-65; pathos of stoicism, Marcus
Aurelius, ii, 65-76; the stoical
failure, ii, 76, 77; transition to
Neo-Platonism, ii, 77; Philo, ii,
78; Neo-Pythagoreans, Apollo-
nius of Tyana, ii, 78, 79; Plutarch,
ii, 79; Plotinus and Neo-Plato-
nism, ii, 57, 77, 80 et seq., see Neo-
Platonism; Porphyry, ii, 88;
Iamblichus, ii, 88, 89; Proclus,
ii, 89; Julian, ii, 92–96
Philosophy, Indian, i, 72 et seq.
Phoebus Apollo, his character in
Homer, i, 158, 192
Phoenicians, i, 132; Homeric por-
trayal of, i, 134; influence on
Greece, the Alphabet, i, 136
Pindar, i, 202, 204, 205, 218, 222 et
seq., 243, 352, 360; ii, 387, 389;
thoughts of future life, i, 223; his
way of greatening human qualities,
i, 250 et seq., fourth Pythian ode
compared with seventy-eighth
psalm, ii, 200, note I
Plato, thoughts on music, i, 245,
246; extract from the Phædrus, i,
253; the Symposium, and the con-
ception of Eros (love), i, 253 et
seq., 325; his conception of beauty,
i, 259; nature of his philosophy,
i, 321-326, 371; metaphysics of
definition, i, 326; modes of his

teaching, the Ideas, i, 328; phys-
ics, i, 330; ethics, i, 331; God
and the Idea of the Good, i, 329–
331; virtue and knowledge, i,
332-334; pleasure, i, 335; influ-
ence on Cicero, i, 446; place in
human progress, ii, 389, 406, 407,

409, 410

Platonism and Christianity, ii, 339,
406, 407, 409, 410
Plautus, i, 420, 435

Plebeians, assertion of political
rights, i, 395, 399

Pliny, ii, 52; letter to Trajan as to
the Christians, ii, 358

Plot, the, in Greek tragedy, i, 288
Plotinus the Neo-Platonist, ii, 80;
the "First." ii, 81; the Nous, ii,
82; the soul, ii, 83; the sensible
world, ii, 83; ethics, purification,
union with God, ii, 84-87; char-
acter and outcome of his phi-
losophy, ii, 86-88
Plutarch, ii, 79

Poetics, the, of Aristotle, i, 286 et
seq.

Poetry, Confucian conception of, i,

51; of the Rig- Veda, its character,
i, 60; Greek, exemplifying Greek
ideals, i, 249. See under names
of the poets.

Polybius, i, 397, 417, 424, 434
Polyclitus, i, 262, 275
Polygnotus, i, 294
Polytheism, as championed by phi-
losophy under the Empire, ii, 81,
87 et seq.; strength of, ii, 90 et seq.
Populus Romanus, i, 394
Poseidon, his character in Homer, i,
159, 170, 172, 200
Posidonius, i, 441

Pottery, Mycenæan, i, 142
Prætor, legal functions of, i, 412
Praxiteles, characteristics of his art,
i, 273, 361 et seq.; the Niobe, i,
367
Prayer, ancient Indian conceptions,
i, 71, 78; in Homer, i, 160, 178;
in Christianity, ii, 262, 398
Priam, i, 186, 187; scene with Achil-
les, i, 190
Proclus, ii, 89

Progress, human, i, 1-10; ii, 377
Prometheus Bound, the, i, 224
Propertius, ii, 22, note 2, 52
Prophets, the Hebrew, function and

character of teachings, ii, 129-
132; completors of Israel's re-

ligion, ii, 133; Monotheism, ii,
135; conception of Jehovah's love,
ii, 137; conception of Jehovah as
a law of righteousness, ii, 140;
Messianic prophecy, ii, 146 et seq.;
the Messiah-King, ii, 150-154;
the servant of Jehovah, ii, 154-
165; the Last Judgment, ii, 167;
Israel's restoration and Jehovah's
presence, ii, 169–171
Propitiation, ii, 317
Protagoras, i, 317

Proverbs, the Book of, its teachings,
ii, 202; wisdom, God's plan, ii,
203; fear of the Lord, righteous-
ness, ii, 205

Providence, conception of, in Stoi-
cism, i, 376, 377

Provinces, of Roman Empire, Cæsar's

care for, i, 458; organization, ii,
7; Latin language in, ii, 30
Psalms, Babylonian, i, 37
Psalms, the, artist qualities of
Greece and Israel, ii, 172, 200;
Hebrew poetry, ii, 174; the
thought of Jehovah in the Psalter,
ii, 175; Jehovah's love, ii, 178;
the psalmist's sense of self and
God, ii, 182; the soul's right atti-
tude, ii, 184; love of Jehovah, ii,
191; thoughts of death, ii, 192;
let God arise, ii, 195; lyric uni-
versality of the psalms, ii, 199-
201; Davidic origin, ii, 111, note
Psalms of Messianic character, ii,
148, 149

Psalms of Solomon, ii, 230, 231
Ptah, Egyptian god, i, 21
Ptahotep, Egyptian nomarch, i, 16,

20; precepts of, i, 24
Purity, conception of, in Avesta, i,

Religion, character of the early
Roman, i, 406-410; the auspicia,
i, 406, 408; festivals, i, 409; com-
pared with Greek religion, i, 409;
influence of Greece upon, i, 431;
of Egyptians, see Egyptians; of
Babylonians, see Babylonians; of
Chinese, see Chinese; of India,
see India and Buddhism; of Israel,
see Israel; universality of, wherein
consists, ii, 388. See Christianity
Religiousness of later Stoicism, ii,
59 et seq.

Religious toleration at Rome, ii, 357
Republic, the Roman, final political
development of, in government by
the Senate, i, 397. See Romans
Responsa prudentium, i, 410
Resurrection, in the Avesta, i, 118;
in later Jewish thought, ii, 228;
of Christ, ii, 233, note 2; in Paul's
writings, ii, 317-322

Retribution and fate, i, 212
Revelation of God, ii, 344, 345, 400
Righteousness (Hebrew), ii, 218
Righteousness of Jehovah, ii, 134;
a law of righteousness for Israel,
ii, 140; sanction of, ii, 165
Rig Veda, i, 58 et seq.; character of
the poems, i, 60; the gods, i, 61;
future life, i, 66; origin of the
world, i, 66

Rita, Indian conception, i, 64; ii,

401

Ritual, the Hebrew, ii, 220; Mosaic

origin, ii, 111, note

Roman art and architecture under
the Republic, i, 429
Roman comedy, i, 420, 425
Roman Empire, the, the situation in
Augustus's time, ii, 1 et seq.; re-
organization of provinces, ii, 7;
the political and social ideal, ii, 7
et seq.; the dignity of, ii, 28; the
Hellenic east, the Latin west, ii,
29; the Jews, ii, 31. See Roman
World and Christianity
Roman law, the early, i, 410-414;
under the Empire, ii, 53, 385
Roman religion, see Religion
Roman women, under the Republic,
i, 391; under the Empire, ii, 52
Roman World and Christianity, ii
334 et seq.; the new era, ii, 334;
the brotherhood of man, ii, 336;
spiritual condition and religious
mood, ii, 336-338; need of Chris-
tianity, and the spiritual obstacles;