780. Videsne ut geminæ cristo stant (ejus) vertice-"Do you not see how the double plumes stand on his head erect." Common soldiers had only small crests; the chief officers in the army, and in the service of great personages, had plumes of a larger size, and often wore two, three, or four together.

781. Suo honore-"With his own honours;"' i.e., with immortality, and alludes to the deification of Romulus under the name of Quirinus.

785. Berecyntia mater. Cybele is here meant, who was commonly said to be the mother of most of the gods. Rome was the mother of heroes, many of whom were equal to gods in deeds of valour, and some of whom were deified; hence the propriety of the comparison.

790. Hic (est) Cæsar, et omnis progenies Iüli, ventura sub magnum axem cœli "This is Cæsar, and these are the whole race of Iiilus, who shall one day rise to the spacious axle of the sky." The Julii are acknowledged by ancient writers to have been an Alban family, who came to Rome in the times of Romulus. From this original stock, Julius Cæsar and Augustus were supposed ◆ to date their origin, and that it was merely through flattery the poets maintained them to be lineally descended from Iülus, the son of Æneas.

794. Qui rursus condet aurea sæcula Latio-"Who once more shall establish the golden age in Latium." The reign of Saturn was so gentle and prosperous, that the poets, with every pomp of imagination, have distinguished it by the name of the golden age.

796. Extra sidera-i.e., Augustus would extend his empire to countries beyond the tropics.

797. Atlas. Virgil here means the southern conquests of Africa.

799. Caspia regna. Those people bordering on the Caspian Sea, particularly the Hyrcani and Bactriani, who were subject to the Parthians.

800. Mæotia tellus. Evidently the Scythians.

805. Nec Liber, qui victor flectit juga (ie., currum) pampineis habenis, agens tigris de celso vertice Nysæ-“Nor Bacchus, who in the train of a conqueror, drives his car with reins wrapped about with vine leaves, driving the tigers from Nyssa's lofty top." The car of Bacchus was drawn by tigers.

809. Autem quis (est) ille procul, insignis ramis, ferens sacra-" But who is he at a distance, distinguished by olive boughs, bearing the sacred vessels." The olive boughs were emblematical of the peaceful reign of Numa Pompilius. 812. Paupere terra-"From a poor estate."

818. Vis-ne videre et Tarquinios reges, superbamque animam ultoris Bruti, fascisque receptos-"Do you wish also to behold the Tarquin kings and the haughty soul of Brutus, the avenger and the fasces recovered." Fasces receptos, the authority and power recovered, and returned to the people from whom they had been torn away by usurpation and tyranny.

821. Infelix pater vocabit natos ad pœnam, moventis nova bella-"The unhappy sire shall summon his own sons to death, raising an unknown kind of war." Titus and Tiberius, the two sons of Brutus, conspired with other Roman youths to recall Tarquin, but upon being discovered, they were ordered by their father to be put to death. Brutus himself saw the sentence put into execution.

826. Torquatus. Titus Manlius, surnamed Torquatus from a golden collar which he took from a Gallic chief of gigantic stature after slaying him in single combat. His great merits as a soldier procured him the signal honour of being twice dictator before he had obtained the office of Consul. Whilst suppressing a rebellion of the Latin states, he ordered his own son to be put to death for fighting against his orders. He was banished from Rome through envy of his military talents and reputation. He triumphed four times, and was five times dictator.

829. Heu! quantum bellum inter se-"Alas! how great a war between them." This refers to the civil wars between Cæsar and Pompey. Pompey was married to Julia, the daughter of Cæsar.

836. (Tu qui es) meus sanguis-"O thou who art my own blood." Julius Cæsar is understood here, who, according to Virgil, was sprung from Venus, through Iülus the son of Æneas.

837. Ille-i.e., Mummius, one of the Consuls.

839. Ille-It is not clear to whom the ille here refers, but considered by Heyne to be L. Æmilius Paulus.

840. Eaciden-i.e., Perseus, a king of Macedon.

846. Fabii, quo rapitis (me) fessum-“ Whither, ye Fabii, do you hurry me exhausted." The Fabii, a nobie and powerful family at Rome, of whom sprung Quintius Fabius, the opponent of Hannibal.

850. Describentque meatus cœli radio, et dicent surgentia sidera-"And shall describe with the rod the courses of the heaven, and explain the rising stars." Radius was a stick used by mathematicians to describe their figures on the sand.. 856. Marcellus ingreditur insignis opimis spoliis—“ Marcellus moves along adorned with triumphal spoils."

861. Hic Æneas (ait): O pater quis (est) ille, qui sic comitatur virum euntem -"Upon this Æneas says: What youth is he, O father, who thus accompanies the hero as he walks along?"

870. Fata tantum ostendent hunc terris neque sinent (eum) esse ultra—“The fates will only show him to the earth, nor suffer long to exist." This is Marcus Marcellus, the son of Caius Marcellus and Octavia, the sister of Augustus. Augustus had designed him as a husband to his own daughter, and his successor in the empire. He died at the early age of eighteen, from a fever contracted from cold bathing. He so gained the hearts of the Roman people by his conciliatory manners, that his premature death plunged the nation as well as his family in the deepest sorrow.

880. Non quisquam obvius tulisset se illi armato impune-"None had encountered him in arms with impunity."

883. Heu puer miserande! si qua rumpas aspera fata, tu eris Marcellus. Date lilia plenis manibus: spargam purpureos flores, saltemque accumulem animam nepotis his donis, et fungar inani munere-"Alas! lamented youth! couldst thou by any means burst the bonds of rigorous fate thou shalt be a Marcellus. Give me lilies in handfuls; let me scatter over him the blooming flowers; and, at least, let me heap the shade of my descendant with these offerings, and discharge a duty, unavailing though it be." Virgil obtained great favour from Augustus by commemorating in his poem the virtues of this exemplary prince, and was requested to repeat the verses in the presence of Augustus and Octavia: the unhappy mother, at the beginning of the recital burst into tears, and on hearing the line, Tu Marcellus eris, she fainted away. Virgil was rewarded with ten sestertia for every verse relating to Marcellus, The encomium passed upon this noble youth, is deemed one of the finest passages of the Æneid. That heart, indeed, must be callous which remains unmoved while perusing the very beautiful and touching description of the poet, when he alludes to the premature death of this illustrious youth.

The figures refer to the text, at the end of which the translation is given.

Abeo, īvi or ii, ĭtum, īre, irr. n. (eo), Abstĭneo, tinui, tentum, ere, a. and n. to go away, to depart. (teneo), to abstain, keep from.

Abföre, inf. (fõre), = abfuturum esse, Abstrūdo, ūsi, ūsum, ĕre, a. (trudo), to

sharp, pointed, ingenious.

set on fire, to kindle, (i. 29) to enrage, | Acutus, a, um, part. and adj. (acuo), exasperate, (vi. 165) to excite or raise. Accessus, ûs, m., an approach, a going or coming to.

Accido, cīdi, cīsum, ĕre, a. (cædo), to cut all but through, to cut down, impair.

Accido, ĭdi, -, ĕre, n. (cado), to fall

upon; happen.

Accingo, nxi, nctum, ĕre, a. (cingo), to gird to, on, or about (i. 210), to prepare for (ii. 235), to go about a thing | briskly.

Accipio, ēpi, eptum, ĕre, a. (căpio), to take, receive, accept, entertain, (i. 677) to hear, attend, listen to, (ii. 65; vi. 136) to learn, understand, (i. 123) to suck, to drink in. (Synonyms, Accipere, to receive what is offered; capere, to take or get hold of; sumere, to take a thing ready at hand, a thing that belongs to us.)

Accītus, ûs, m. (accio), a summons, a sending for, a call.

Accommodo, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (con, modus), to fit, adapt, put on, to buckle

on.

Accubo, ui, îtum, āre, n., to sit, die

down, near or by.

Accumbo, cubui, căbítum, ĕre, n., to
sit down, to lay oneself near or
upon.

Accumulo, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (cumŭlo),
to add to a heap, to heap up, to accu-
mulate, to adorn, to honour.
Accurro, curri (seldom cucurri), cur-
sum, ĕre, n. (curro), to run or hasten

to.

Acer, cris, cre, adj., sharp, severe, stern. Acerbus, a, um, adj., sour, unripe, (vi. | 429) untimely.

Acernus, a, um, adj. (acer), made of maple.

Ad, prep. with acc., to, towards, at, near, about; with numerals, almost, about.

Adămas, antis, m. (acc always adamanta), the hardest iron or steel; a diamond.

Addico, xi, ctum, ĕre, a., to give up to, consign over; to approve, to sell, to give away.

Addo, dĭdi, dĭtum, ĕre, a. (do), to add,

(ii. 339; vi. 170, 778) to join or put to. Adeò, adv. (ad), so, very much, indeed, so much.

Aděo, īvi or ĭi, ĭtum, īre, a. (eo), to go
to, to approach, (i. 10) to undergo.
Adhuc, adv. (ad, huc), as yet, hitherto,
till now, moreover, besides.
Adigo, ēgi, actum, ĕre, a. (ago), to drive,
to bring to, to force.

Adĭmo, ēmi, emptum, ĕre, a. (emo), to
take away.

Aditus, us, m. (adeo), a way, a passage,

avenue, an access.

Admiror, ātus, āri, dep. (mīror), to wonder, to admire.

Admitto, īsi, issum, ĕre, a. (mitto), to commit, allow to come to or enter, admit.

Admoneo, ui, îtum, ēre, a. (moneo), to
put in mind, warn, admonish.
Admõvěo, mōvi, mōtum, ēre, a.(mõveo),
to move to, apply, direct towards.
Adnītor, īsus and xus, ti, dep. (nītor,
to strive against, lean upon, (i, 144)
to shove.

Adno, āvi, ātum, āre, n. (no), to swim
to, near, or towards; to reach.
Adõlěo, ui and ēvi, ultum, ēre, n. (oleo),
to burn, (i. 704) to worship, (iii. 547)
to offer by fire.

Adolesco, ēvi, rar. õlui, ultum, ĕre, n.

(õlesco), to grow, increase, blaze or burn.

Adõpertus, a, um, part. (opěrio), hid, covered, closed.

Acervus, i, m., a heap, a stack, a pile. Acies, ēi, f., an edge, the sight of the eye, the battle array, line of battle, the point or edge of a weapon. (Synonyms, Acies, is the front of the army, a line of battle; exercitus, a troop of soldiers trained by reiterated exercise; agmen (agere), any body of people in full | Adōro, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (ōro), to honmarch, either with or without arms.) Acriter, acrius, acerrime, adv. (acer), eagerly, briskly.

Adòrior, ortus, īri, dep. (orior), to attempt, assault, begin, undertake.

our, adore, worship.

Adsum, adfui, adesse, irr. n. (sum), to be present, to assist, to be propitious.

+

Adultĕrium, ii, n. (adulter), adultery, whoredom.

Adultus, a, um, part. (adolesco), full

grown, adult.

sally; æquor, any plain or level surface; pelagus, the depth of the sea, the main sea; fretum, a firth, strait, a narrow sea, an arm of the sea; salum (sal), an agitated sea; Pontus, a god of the sea, older than Neptune.)

Advěho, xi, ctum, ĕre, a. (veho), to import, carry. Advěna, æ, com.(advěnio), a foreigner, a Æquus, a, um, adj., level, even, equal, stranger. (i. 479) impartial. Advěnio, vēni, ventum, īre, a., to come| Aër, ĕris, m. (acc. aërem and aëra; acc. to, arrive at, come.

Advento, āvi, ātum, āre, freq. (advěnio), to come, approach, draw near. Adventus, ûs, m., a coming, an arrival, an approach.

Adversum, i, n., especially in the plu., misfortune, adversity, calamity. Adversum and adversus, prep. (adverto),

against, over against.

Adversus, a, um, part. and adj. (ad

verto), opposite, adverse, hostile. Adverto, ti, sum, ĕre, a. (verto), to turn, apply to, (ii. 712) to attend, | listen to.

Advoco, āvi, atum, āre, a. (võco), to call, summon, assemble.

plu. n. aëra), the air, the lower almosphere in contradistinction to æther, the upper pure air.

Ærātus, a, um, adj. (æs), covered with
brass, brazen.

Ærĕus, a, um, adj. (æs), made of brass.
Aëreus or aërius, a, um, adj. (aër), airy,

aerial, high, lofty, soaring.
Æripes, ĕdis, adj. (æs, pes), brazen-
footed, swift of foot, nimble.

Es, æris, n., brass or copper, steel, money; (i. 35) the beak of a ship, ~(ii. 734) armour, (iii. 111) a drum, (iii. 240) a trumpet, (vi. 847) a brazen statue.

Estas, atis, f., summer, (i. 756) a year.

boil, rage, to fret.

Advolvo, vi, võlūtum, ĕre, a. (volvo), to Estuo, āvi, ātum, āre, n. (æstus), to roll to or towards. Adỹtum, i, n., the inmost recess, or Estus, ûs, m., a burning heat, tide, sea, most sacred place of a temple. firth, (ii. 706) a flame.

Edēs and ædis, is, f., a house, palace, a Ætas, atis, f. (ævitas), age.

little chapel, a little house. Edifico, avi, ātum, āre, n. and a.

(ædes, făcio), to build, make, frame, constitute.

Æger, gra, grum, adj, sick, sickly, weak, (i. 208; ii. 268) anxious, (i. 351) pining.

Æternus, a, um, adj. (æviternus), everlasting, perpetual.

Æther, ĕris, m. (acc., ĕra), the pure air, sky, heaven.

Ethereus and ætherius, a, um, adj., etherial, celestial, divine.

Ævum, i, n., age, time, duration. Ægritudo, inis, f., sickness, sorrow, Affabilis, e, adj. (affari), affable, gentle, care, anxiety.

courteous.

Æmulus, a, um, adj., emulous, envious; | Affari, See Affor. subs., a rival, competitor. Affatus, ûs, m., talk, discourse. Aēnĕus or ǎhēnĕus, a, um, adj. (as), Affecto, avi, atum, äre, freq. (afficio), of bronze, brazen. Æquævus, a, um, adj. (æquus, ævum), of Affĕro, attŭli, allātum, afferre, irr. (ad, the same age.

Equalis, is, e, adj. (æquo), equal, of the

same age, contemporary. Equo, avi, atum, are, a. (æquus), to ⚫ equal, level, (i. 508) to divide equally, (iii. 671) to go as fast as. Æquor, oris, n. (æquus), the plain or level surface either of earth, sea, or air, (iii. 197) a wave or surge.

to affect, to aspire, to reach out.

fĕro, to bring or convey to; carry; produce, (iii. 346) to come.

Afflīgo, xi, ctum, ĕre, a. (fligo), to throw

down; to damage, ruin, weaken; vex,

injure.

Afflo, avi, atum, āre, a. (ad, flo), to blow or breathe on; (i. 591) afflârat lætos honores oculis, had imparted joyous grace to his eyes.

(Synonyms, Mare, the sea univer- Afforem, &c., def., for adessem, &c.,