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X
Alterations and improvements.-Changes.-Their evils.-
Benefits
105
CHAPTER VII.
In Windham county such changes seen.-Black mountain.-Road
on West river.-Cascade.-Defile.-Newfane hill.-Its former
appearance. Deserted state.-Contrast.-Judges and Lawyers.
New county seat.-Fayetteville.-Changes.-Their advan-
tages.-Evils.-Uplands.-Their use.-Northern positions and
exposure.-A family burnt in Newfane.-Hardy occupiers of
exposed northern positions. Hardihood a general trait.-Con-
tributing to it, their early troubles. Their aversion to effemi-
nacy.-Illustrated by examples.-The character of the first
settlers.-Settled principally from Connecticut.-Reproaches
answered.-Testimony of Hillhouse to this trait of character
CHAPTER VIII.
120
Character of its inhabitants continued.-Hardy.-Their position.-
Climate and employments unite in making them so.-Bo-
dilystructure.-Exercise.-Exceptions.-Dissipation.-Diet.
Wrong management.-Frankness another trait.-Enterprising.
-Seen in the improvements.-In new sources of profit.-In
their vallies, rivers, lakes; quarries; factories; potatoes.-
Starch factories.-Found over the union in responsible trusts..
Intelligent.-Comparative number who cannot read or write.—
Jurymen. A comparison.-Prejudices.-Apology for speaking
of them by comparison. Formerly stigmatized.-Unfounded
as persons.-Griswold and Lyon.-Rencountre between them.-
How treated in Connecticut.-Its influence.-Hospitality.-
Southern.-In Vermont to strangers
CHAPTER IX.
134
Character continued.-Originality.-Illustrated.-Baptist clergy-
man.-Constable.-The taking down a house of Divine wor-
ship.-Building another.-Prosecution.-Court of experi-
ence. The bible cited as authoritiy.-The sign of the Green
mountain tavern.-Singular punishment inflicted.-An instance
of mischief making.-The false alarm.-Its consequences.-
Breaking roads after drifting snow storms.-Assault and
battery.-A lawsuit.-Freemen's meeting.-Town meeting.—
The Vermont originality seen.-Freedom of their elections.-
Extending to all classes.-Clergymen not excluded.-Baptist
clergymen in several instances governors.-Anecdote of one.-
A singular character
CHAPTER X.
149
Characteristics of Vermonters closed.-Some deductions from the
foregoing. Too often subservient to selfish office-seekers.-
Discouraged sometimes under difficulties.-Want of perseve-
rance in carrying to the end promising beginnings.-Family
rivalries. Their consequences.-Winter employments and
recreations.-Friendly annual visiting.-Social intercourse 161
CHAPTER XI.
Changes in the executive department, from 1797 to 1842.-Changes
in parties.-Governors.-Their characters.-Incidents under
their administrations.-English and French party.-How origi-
nated.-Difficulties with France and the general government.-
1816, cold summer.-A railer at Providence.-Free-masonry
becomes a political question.-Excitement.-No choice of
governor by the people.-Many trials in the House.-Anti-
masonry in politics succeeds.-Arrival in Vermont of the Mar-
quis de La Fayette.-Proceedings at Windsor.-Some character
of him.-From 1842 looking back, and reflections on the list of
chief magistrates.-The variety in their characters, pursuits,
and religious belief.—The abolition of capital punishment 167
CHAPTER XII.
Senate of Vermont.-How constituted.-Members.-Their age.
-Its operation and results.-New organization in the courts.
-Changes in the Superior_court.-Chief Justices.-Remarks
on annual appointments of Judges.-United States senators of
Vermont. Their character.-Character of that body.-Popu-
lation.-Rapid increase.-Additional_towns.-Changes of fifty
years in the exterior.-Surface.-Buildings.—Cultivation.—
Retrospection.-Contrast.
CHAPTER XIII.
182
Villages. Increase of their numbers.-Growth.-Exemplified.-
Brattleboro.-Contrast of thirty or forty years.-Its situation.-
Public buildings.-View of it from the burying-ground.—
Typographic Co.-Early settlers.-First bridge over the Con-
necticut. Members of congress.-Its first clergyman.-Dum-
merston.-Putney.-Westminster.-Some account of it.-Its
part in the early history of the state.-Members of congress.-
Rev. Lemuel Haynes.-Monument.-Bellows Falls.-Contrast
between it and Westminster.-Curiosity of the falls.-Crossing
the mountain.-Bennington.-Some particulars of it.-Its early
history.-Antiquity.-Head quarters.-Its founders.-Centre.
-Burying-ground.-East village.-Furnace.-Hinsdale vil-
lage.-General improvement and prosperity.-Pleasantness.-
Gov. Tichener
CHAPTER XIV.
191
Further account of villages.-Manchester.-Its situation and ap-
pearance.-Burr seminary.--Marble quarries.-Factories.-
Quality, and abundance.-Market for it.-Supposed murder.—
Castleton.-Road to Rutland.-Clarendon springs.-Walling-
ford.-East Rutland.--Its common.-Judge Williams.-Wood-
stock. Its situation.-Judge Hutchinson.-Charles Marsh.—
Windsor.-Springfield.-Its appearance.-Self-taught_mecha-
nic.-A curiosity.-Derby.-Danville.-Montpelier.-Its situ-
ation.-Population.-Associations of its name.-State house.
-Particular description of it.-Middlebury.-Its exterior.-
Vergennes. Decline.-Its prosperity.-Villages of less ex-
tent. Their number.-The first class.-In order relative to
Montpelier.-Viewed at once.-Retrospection.-Contrast.—
Reflections
CHAPTER XV.
207
Military exploits and measures in and near Vermont.-Names of
leaders, and places of fame.-Discovery of North America and
settlement in Canada.-Lake Champlain.-Lake George.-
Iroquois Indians. -Strife between the English and French.-
Col. Schuyler.-Attack on Deerfield.-Capture of Quebec..
Abercrombie.-Wolf.-His character.-Settlement at Crown
Point.-Chimney Point.-Surprise of Bridgman's fort.-Cap-
ture of Mrs. Howe and other women.-Attack on Royalton
Brandon. The justification of Vermont, thus exposed, in
admitting overtures from the Epglish .
CHAPTER XVI.
221
Warlike movements in Windham.-Adherents of New York.--
Guilford.-Ethan Allen's proclamation.-General Bradley.-
Instrumentality in quelling the disturbances.-Arnold.-Strife
between him and Allen.-Campaign against Ticonderoga
planned in Connecticut. Capt. Phelps exploring the enemy's
works.-Ethan Allen a prisoner.-At Halifax.-At Cork.-
On Long Island.-In New York.-The old jail.--Prisoners in
it. Capt. Travis.-Maj. Van Zandt.-Col. Allen crying for
quarters. His death.-His grave and epitaph.-Col. Seth
Warner. His burial place.
CHAPTER XVII.
234
War events continued.-Contest for the supremacy on the lake.—
The Americans defeated.-Gallant conduct of Waterbury and
Arnold.-Arrival, and progress of Burgoyne.-Excitement.-
Mounts Defiance, Hope, Independence.-Cannon mounted by
the British on Defiance.-Reflections on the past events.—The
battle of Hubbardston.-Gen. Fraser.-Battle of Bennington.-
Gen. Stark.-His policy at that battle as related by Col. Hum-
phrey.-Letter to Gov. Trumbull of Connecticut.--The war of
1812.-Generals Hampton and Wilkinson.-The army of the
North. The invasion of New York from Canada.-The naval
battle on Champlain.-Its effects, and impression on the coun-
try.-Commodores McDonough and Downie 246
CHAPTER XVIII.
Readiness of the government to foster public benevolent Institu-
tions.- Asylum of deaf and dumb at Hartford.—Asylum for
the insane at Brattleboro.-Mrs. Marsh, its founder.-Dr.
Rockwell, superintendent.-Its location and scenery around it.—
Buildings. Patients.-Success.-An object worthy of public
patronage.-Provision for the indigent insane.-Causes increas-
ing of this malady.-Other ways of suffering.-By flood and
cold.-Inundations of 1828-30.-Catastrophe at New Haven.-
A man perished by cold near the summit of the mountain.—
A man, wife and infant impeded by the drifting snow. -Over-
taken by night in an uninhabited part of the road.-Their suffer-
ings.-Death of the wife.—Sudden changes in the weather.—
Great contrast.-Cold days.-The freezing of a rum drinker.-
The circumstances.-His body long buried under the snow 256
CHAPTER XIX.
Literature.-Colleges.-Vermont university.-Presidents.-Dan-
iel Haskell.-Middlebury College.-Presidents.-Academies
and high schools.-Primary schools.-Improvements.-Literary
men.-Authors.-Daniel Chipman.-Royal Tyler.-Martin
Field.-Wilbur Fisk.-Jeremiah Evarts.-William Chamber-
lain.
CHAPTER XX.
269
Literature and learned men continued.-The learned professions.-
Clergymen.-Difficulties encountered by them in the early set-
tlements. Their characters.-Names of some of them.--The
fruit of their labors.-Dr. Burton.-His authorship.-Lemuel
Haynes.-Bunker Gay.-Attornies at law. Of some who are
dead, their character.-Civilians and statesmen.-Courts.-Their
appearance.-Dispatch in business.-Physicians.-Difficulties
in their way in the first settlement of the state.―Their charac-
ter.-Medical college at Castleton.-Vermont poets.-Self-
taught one.-Putney hill.-Stanzas of poetry made by a bard
living at its foot.
CHAPTER XXI.
282
Religion. The three principal denominations.-Congregational-
ists. Some account of them.-Baptists.-Their peculiarities.—
Anecdote of an Elder.-Methodists.-Their rules and support
of preachers.-Episcopalians.-Universalists.-Unitarians 293
CHAPTER XXII.
Miscellaneous. Birds.-Partridge.-Quail.--Snow-bird.-Wild
pigeons.―Their abundance formerly.-Swallows.-Their varie-
ties.-Swallow trees at Middlebury and Bridport.-The Bobo-
link.-Robin.-Quadrupeds, wild.- Wolf.-Bear.-Squirrel,
Gray and other kinds.-Fox.
Dendrology.-Evergreen trees.--Hardwood trees--Sugar maple.
-Its beauty.-Changes in its foliage.--The beech.-The beau-
tiful form and appearance of trees.-The spruce.-The elm.-
Trees mentioned by ancient writers.-Homer.-Virgil.—In the
sacred Scriptures.-Classical and venerable.-The Wellington
tree. Various shapes of the elm.-Two in Berlin, Ct.-Čon-
trasted. A venerable pine
CHAPTER XXIII.
301
Vermont well watered.-Water power.-Little subject to drought.
Torrents.-Floods in the spring.-Devastations by water.-On
the banks of the Connecticut.-Passage between cakes of ice.
Droughts.-Rivers.-Otter creek.-Onion.-Lamoille.-West
river.-Valley through which it passes.-Its channel in sum-