I. PART nion; and more dangerous to the Church of Christ. In this kind offended the Donatists, the Novatians, the Luciferians, of old, and the Romanists at this day. This hath more of [Isai. Ixv. the Patriarchal garb in it,-"Stand from me for I am holier than thou." 5.] CHAP. VII. THAT ALL PRINCES AND REPUBLICS OF THE ROMAN COMMUNION DO IN The politic [SECTION THE FIRST.] We are come now unto his seventh chapter, wherein I am supremacy much beholden to him for easing me of the labour of replying. of princes in ecclesiastical causes. For-whereas I proved my intention at large by the acts, laws, and decrees of the emperors, with their Councils, and synods, and electoral college; by the laws of France, the Liberties of the Gallican Church, the Acts of their Parliaments, and Declarations of their Universities; by the practice of the king of Spain, his Councils, his Parliaments, in Sicily, in Castile, in Brabant and Flanders; by the " Sobs of Portugal," and their "Bleatings," and the Judgment of the University of Lisbon; by the laws and proclamations and other acts of the republic of Venice; throughout sixty-eight pages';-he vouchsafeth not to take notice of any one particular of all this, except only some few heads of what I urged concerning the emperors, which he reciteth in less than one page, and never attempts to answer one syllable of them in particular. Yet are these so diametrally opposite to the pretended rights of the Pope, his legislative power, his convocating of synods, his confirming synods, his sending out Bulls, his receiving appeals, his patronage of Churches, his pardons and dispensations, his exemption from all human judgment, his sending of legates, his tenths and first-fruits, his superiority above general Councils, his excommunications, and in a word, his [Just Vindic., c. vii. vol. i. pp. 200-246 (pp. 160-228. ed. 165. 12mo.).] II. whole spiritual sovereignty,-that nothing can be more oppo- DISCOURSE site. In these precedents we did clearly see that essential power and right of sovereignty, which I plead for in this book, to make ecclesiastical laws for the external regiment of the Church, to dispose of ecclesiastical preferments, to reform ecclesiastical errors and abuses, to be the last judges of their own liberties and grievances, to restrain ecclesiastical tyranny, and to see that all ecclesiastical persons within their dominions do their duties. And if these instances were not enough, many more might be produced of the best Christian princes. Paul the Third A.D. 1544. writ to Charles the Fifth, that "the Decrees of Spira were dangerous to his soul;" commands him to "put away all disputes of religion from the Imperial Diet, and refer them to the Pope, to order nothing concerning ecclesiastical goods, to revoke the grants made unto the rebels against the see of Rome; otherwise he should be forced to use greater severity against him than he would." Yet Cardinal de Monte was A.D. 1545. more angry than his master; saying, that "he would put his Holiness in mind rather to abandon the see and restore the keys to St. Peter, than suffer the secular power to arrogate authority to determine causes of religion." The emperor did not trouble himself much at it: but, the Pope having created three Spanish Cardinals, he forbad them to accept the arms or use the name or habit; and not long after A.D. 1548. published a "Reformation of the Clergy," containing twentythree points; first, of ordination and election of ministers; secondly, of the office of ecclesiastical orders; thirdly, of the office of Deans and Canons; fourthly, of canonical hours; fifthly, of monasteries; sixthly, of schools and Universities; seventhly, of hospitals; eighthly, of the office of a preacher; 229 ninthly, of the administration of the Sacraments; tenthly, of the administration of Baptism; eleventhly, of the administration of Confirmation; twelfthly, of ceremonies; thirteenthly, of the Mass; fourteenthly, of the administration of I. PART Penitence; fifteenthly, of the administration of Extreme Unction; sixteenthly, of the administration of Matrimony; seventeenthly, of ecclesiastical ceremonies; eighteenthly, of the discipline of the clergy and people; nineteenthly, of plurality of benefices; twentiethly, of the discipline of the people; one and twentiethly, of visitations; two and twentiethly, of Councils; three and twentiethly, of excommunication. Charles the Fifth and the German Diet did assume to themselves a legislative power in ecclesiastical causes. None of our princes was ever more devoted to Rome than Queen Mary; yet, when Paul the Fourth revoked Cardinal Pole's legantine power in England, and designed one Petus a Franciscan to come legate in his place, "she shut all the ports of England against all messengers from Rome, and commanded all the briefs" (and Bulls) " to be taken from the bearers, and delivered unto herd." So well was she satisfied, that no Roman legate hath any thing to do in England without the prince's licence. [Father Peyto.] But I have brought instances enough, until he be pleased to take notice of them. To all which he returns no answer, but these general words;-"Seeing L. D. hath alleged divers facts of Catholic princes in disobeying Papal authority, and thence inferreth that they did as much as King Henry, who not only disobeyed but denied Papal authority, let us allege both more ancient and greater emperors, who have professed that they had no authority in ecclesiastical causes, and avowed Papal authority e." After this rate he may survey the whole world in a few minutes. Let the reader judge, whether I have not just cause to call upon him for an answer. Are they only "divers facts of Catholic princes?" By his leave, they are both facts, and decrees, and constitutions, and laws, and canons, of the most famous emperors and princes of Christendom, with their Diets, and Parliaments, and synods, and [Dudithius' Translat. of Bacatelli's Life of Card. Pole, p. 35. Venet. 1563. See Strype, Eccl. Mem., vol. iii. Pt. ii. c. li. pp. 30-40; Collier, Ch. Hist., Pt. ii. bk. v. vol. ii. p. 399; and Phillips, Life of Pole, Pt. ii. sect. 11. pp. 184, &c.] e [Surv., c. vii. sect. 3. pp. 105, 106. The words "ancient and greater" are not in the copy of the Survey in the Bodleian Library.] Councils, and Universities. Or doth it seem to him that DISCOURSE they only "disobeyed Papal authority?" When he reads them over more attentively, he will find that they have "not only disobeyed Papal authority" but "denied" it, as he saith Henry the Eighth did, in all the principal parts and branches of it, which are in controversy between them and us. Nay, they have not only denied to the Pope that which he calls Papal authority, to convocate synods, to confirm synods, to make ecclesiastical laws, to dispose of ecclesiastical preferments, to receive the last appeals in ecclesiastical causes, but they have exercised it themselves; they have disposed of the Papacy, they have deposed the Popes, they have shut out his legates, they have appealed from his sentences, they have not suffered their subjects to go upon his summons, they have caused his decrees to be torn in pieces most disgracefully, and made edicts and statutes and Pragmatical Sanctions against his usurpations; they have regulated the clergy and reformed the Churches within their dominions; and, when they thought fit, during their pleasures, they have stopped all intercourse with Rome. The kings of Spain suffer no more appeals from Sicily to the Court of Rome than our princes from England, and exercise all manner of ecclesiastical jurisdiction by delegates ; which certainly neither they nor other princes would do, if they did at all believe, that the Papacy was an universal spiritual monarchy, instituted by Christ. But it seemeth that he delighteth more in the use of his sword than of his buckler; and instead of repelling my arguments, he busieth himself in making new knots for me to untie. He knows well, that this is no logical proceeding. And I might justly serve him with the same sauce. But I seek only the clear discovery of truth, and will pursue his steps throughout his oppositions. of Supre tified. The first thing that he objecteth to me, is "the Oath of The Oath Supremacy made by King Henry and his Church; . . . in macy juswhich oath" (saith he) "are sworn five things; first, that the king of England is not only governor but only and supreme governor; secondly, not only in some but in all ec f [See Just Vindic., c. vii. vol. i. pp. * [Ibid., pp. 229, 230.] 200-246.] PART [1. Who contrived it.] clesiastical things and causes; thirdly, as well in all eccle- 101. [Surv., c. vii. sect. 1. pp. 100, [See Just Vindic., c. iii. vol. i. pp. |