PREFACE.

IN the Text of this edition, Warburton's arrangement has (with a single unimportant exception) been maintained; the remaining pieces have been added from subsequent editions, or, where possible, from earlier sources. Throughout, I have endeavoured to preserve Pope's use of capital letters, and of apostrophised syllables; of the former, lest his intentions of emphasis, of the latter, lest his metrical accuracy, should be unnecessarily obscured. His uncertain spelling, and his frequently perplexing interpunctuation, it seemed useless to reproduce with religious fidelity.

Among the Notes will be found all Pope's own (marked 'P.'), except in the case of the Dunciad, where curtailment was unavoidable. I have not, so far as I am aware, transcribed anything from previous editors without acknowledgment. The extent of my obligations to Mr Carruthers' edition (the only edition of Pope which has any claims to completeness) will therefore be apparent on the surface. For everything enclosed within [ ]'s I am myself responsible; and the quotations which previous editors have successively transcribed I have taken care to verify.

In conclusion, I cannot forbear from thanking my accomplished friend, the Rev. Alfred Ainger, for many suggestions whereby he has aided me during pleasant hours spent in common over the following pages.

INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR.

VERY

RY wonderful is the vitality of names; and there is reason to believe that books and essays continue to this day to make their appearance, in which the period of our literary history coinciding with the literary life of Pope is spoken of as our Augustan age. Were this transfer of title intended to imply the existence during the period in question of any royal patronage of letters such as the first of the legitimate Caesars was too prudent absolutely to neglect, it would condemn itself at once. The English Augustans were not warmed by the favour of any English Augustus. William the Deliverer, in whose reign they had grown up, had been without stomach for the literature of a nation with whose tastes and habits he had never made it part of his political programme to sympathise. Queen Anne's very feeble light of personal judgment was easily kept under by the resolute will of her favourites, or flickered timidly under cover of the narrowest orthodoxy. Of the first two Georges the former, indifferent to an unpopularity which never seemed to endanger his tenure of the throne, neither possessed an ordinary mastery of the English tongue nor manifested even a transient desire to acquire it. His successor had no objection to be considered, in virtue of his mistress rather than his wife, the patron of the literary adherents of a political party, until, on mounting the throne, he blandly disappointed the hopes of that party itself. The epoch of our Augustans had all but closed, when the death of Frederick, Prince of Wales, put an absolute end to the nominal hopes in the advent of a golden age for the liberal arts, by averting the accession of a Patriot King.

Neither was the defect of royal patronage supplied by any genuine Mecenas from among the great ones of the realm. The traditions in this respect of the Stuart period-traditions doubtless exaggerated in the age of Pope, yet not wholly baseless-had barely survived the expulsion of the last Stuart King. Of King William's Batavian comrades, none had sought to grace their newly-acquired dignities and incomes by fostering the efforts of genius in the country which they had consented to adopt. Among the chief English-born noblemen and gentlemen