ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE NOTES.

Abbott (or Gr.), Abbott's Shakespearian Grammar (third edition).

A. S., Anglo-Saxon.

A. V., Authorized Version of the Bible (1611).

B. and F., Beaumont and Fletcher.

B. J., Ben Jonson.

Camb. ed., "Cambridge edition" of Shakespeare, edited by Clark and Wright.

Cf. (confer), compare.

Clarke, "Cassell's Illustrated Shakespeare," edited by Charles and Mary Cowden Clarke (London, n. d.).

Coll., Collier (second edition).

Coll. MS., Manuscript Corrections of Second Folio, edited by Collier.

D., Dyce (second edition).

H., Hudson (first edition).

Halliwell, J. O. Halliwell (folio ed. of Shakespeare).

Id. (idem), the same.

K., Knight (second edition).

Nares, Glossary, edited by Halliwell and Wright (London, 1859).

Prol., Prologue.

S., Shakespeare.

Schmidt, A. Schmidt's Shakespeare-Lexicon (Berlin, 1874).

Sr., Singer.

St., Staunton.

Theo., Theobald.

V.. Verplanck.

W., White.

Walker, Wm. Sidney Walker's Critical Examination of the Text of Shakespeare (London, 1860).

Warb., Warburton.

Wb., Webster's Dictionary (revised quarto edition of 1864).

Worc., Worcester's Dictionary (quarto edition).

The abbreviations of the names of Shakespeare's Plays will be readily understood; as T. N. for Twelfth Night, Cor. for Coriolanus, 3 Hen. VI. for The Third Part of King Henry the Sixth, etc. P. P. refers to The Passionate Pilgrim; V. and A. to Venus and Adonis; L. C. to Lover's Complaint; and Sonn. to the Sonnets.

When the abbreviation of the name of a play is followed by a reference to page, Rolfe's edition of the play is meant.

The numbers of the lines (except for The Winter's Tale) are those of the " Globe" ed. or of Crowell's reprint of that ed.

DRAMATIS PERSONE.-The folio has the following list at the end of the play (cf. Oth. p. 154):

Perdita, Daughter to Leontes and Her- Other Lords, and Gentiemen, and Ser

mione.

Paulina, wife to Antigonus.

uants.

Shepheards, and Shephearddesses.

SCENE I.-6. Bohemia. The King of Bohemia. See Macb. p. 239, or Hen. V. p. 159.

Hanmer changed Bohemia throughout to "Bithynia;" but, as stated above (see p. 17), S. followed Greene in making Bohemia a maritime country. Farmer remarks: "Corporal Trim's King of Bohemia 'delighted in navigation, and had never a seaport in his dominions ;' and my Lord Herbert informs us that De Luines, the prime minister of France, when he was ambassador there, demanded whether Bohemia was an inland country, or 'lay upon the sea.' There is a similar mistake in T. G. of V. relative to that city [Verona] and Milan."

Visitation. Cf. iv. 4. 544 and v. 1. 90 below. S. does not use visit as a noun. Visitings occurs in Macb. i. 5. 46.

8. Wherein, etc. Though we cannot give you equal entertainment, yet the consciousness of our good-will shall justify us (Johnson). 11. In the freedom of my knowledge. As my knowledge makes me free to do, or gives me the right to do. Cf. Sonn. 46. 4 : "the freedom of that right."

14. Unintelligent. Unconscious, not aware; used by S. only here. 22. Such... which. Cf. iv. 4. 738 below: "such secrets in this fardel or box, which none must know," etc. Gr. 278.

25. Encounters. Meetings; as often. See Much Ado, p. 154. Hath. The later folios have "have." Abbott (Gr. 334) explains it as the old "third person plural in th." Cf. R. and F. prol. 8:

"Whose misadventur'd piteous overthrows

Doth with their death bury their parents' strife;"

and see note in our ed. p. 140. We have another instance in i. 2. 1 below; but that is perhaps to be explained by the interposition of star.

Royally attorneyed. "Nobly supplied by substitution of embassies, . etc." (Johnson); or "performed by proxy" (Schmidt). In the only other instance of attorneyed in S. (M. for M. v. i. 390) it is employed as

an attorney.

27. That. So that; a common ellipsis. Gr. 283. needlessly inserts "so" before royally.

The Coll. MS.

28. A vast. The later folios have "a vast sea." Cf. Per. iii. I. I : "Thou god of this great vast, rebuke these surges." P. 186.

See also Ham.

30. Loves. For the plural, see Macb. p. 209 or Ham. p. 177. Cf. peaces in ii. 1. 135 below. 32. Of. See Gr. 172.

33. It is. Cf. Mach. i. 4. 58: "It is a peerless kinsman," etc. It is oftener contemptuous; as in R. and J. iv. 2. 14, A. and C. iii. 2. 6, etc. 34. Into my note. To my knowledge. Cf. T. N. iv. 3. 29: "it shall come to note," etc.

36. Physics the subject. "Affords a cordial to the state" (Johnson). Cf. Cymb. iii. 2. 34: "it doth physic love" (that is, preserve its health). For the collective use of subject (=people), see Ham. p. 173.

SCENE II.-I. The watery star. The "watery moon" of M. N. D.

ii. 1. 162 (cf. iii. i. 203) and Rich. III. ii. 2. 69. See also R. and J. i. 4. 62: "the moonshine's watery beams." For hath, see on i. 1. 25 above.

2. Note. Means of noting or marking time. Cf. Much Ado, p. 144. Clarke explains the shepherd's note as "noted by the shepherd." "The allusion is peculiarly happy, shepherds 'keeping watch of their flocks by night' being natural astronomers. Cf. Luke, ii. 8" (Crosby).

5. For perpetuity. For all time, forever. Cf. Cymb. v. 4. 6: “Groan so in perpetuity," etc.

6. Like a cipher, etc. Cf. Hen. V. prol. 17:

"O pardon! since a crooked figure may
Attest in little place a million;

And let us, ciphers to this great accompt,
On your imaginary forces work."

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8. Moe. Changed by most editors to more." See A. Y. L. p. 176. 10. Part. Depart. See M. of V. p. 145.

12. That may blow, etc. O that no nipping winds at home may blow, to make me say, This fear was too well-founded! For the ellipsis of O, Farmer compares an old translation of the Alcoran of the Franciscans: "St. Francis . . said to the priors, That I had a wood of such Junipers!" and The Two Noble Kinsmen: "That I, poor man, might eftsoons come between!" Abbott (Gr. 425) explains the passage thus: "I am question'd by my fears . . . that (there) may blow," etc. D. believes the passage to be corrupt. Hanmer changed No to "Some" and truly to "early" (Capell "tardily "); and Warb. that may to "may there."

For sneaping (=snipping, or nipping), cf. L. L. L. i. I. 100: “an envious sneaping frost ;" and R. of L. 333: "the sneaped birds."

16. Put us to 't. Bring us to it (that is, being tired of you). Cf. iv. 4. 153 below: "put you to 't" (that is, fear).

17. Seven-night. Cf. Much Ado, ii. 1. 375: "a just seven-night." See also A. Y. L. p. 177, note on A se'nnight.

Very sooth. In very sooth, or truth. See M. of V. p. 127 and M. N. D. p. 153, note on Good troth.

18. Between's. As Clarke notes, this particular elision, 's for us, occurs often in this play; and it is curious to observe how some one peculiarity will recur in certain of Shakespeare's plays, as if he thought in that special way at that special time of writing. For part=divide, see J. C. p. 186, note on Part the glories.

20. None, none. "Shakespeare, like a true poet, knew perfectly the potent effect of an iterated word; but, also like a true poet and writer of thorough judgment, used it but sparingly, and of course, on that account, with redoubled force of impression. Here it has the effect of intense earnestness (Clarke).

31. This satisfaction, etc. "We had satisfactory accounts yesterday of the state of Bohemia" (Johnson).

33. Ward.

Point of defence; a metaphor taken from fencing. For the literal use, see Temp. i. 2. 471: "Come from thy ward," etc. 38. Adventure. Venture; as in ii. 3. 162 and iv. 4. 448 below.

39. Borrow. S. does not elsewhere use borrow as a noun, nor at with the name of a country.

41. Let him there. "Let him remain there" (Schmidt). Warb. took let to be hinder (cf. Ham. i. 4. 85, etc.), and therefore changed him in 40 to "you." Clarke adopts Malone's explanation of let him: "let or hinder himself," that is, stay.

Gest. The name given to the list (Fr. giste or gîte) of the appointed stages in a royal progress or journey; here the fixed limit of the visit, as the context shows. Steevens cites Strype's Memorials, etc., where the Archbishop entreats Cecil "to let him have the new resolved upon gests, from that time to the end, that he might from time to time know where the king was;" also Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay, 1594:

"Castile, and lovely Elinor with him,

Have in their gests resolv'd for Oxford town ;"

and the The White Devil, 1612:

"like the gests in the progress,

You know where you shall find me.

The gests were strictly the stopping-places, but the name came to be applied to the written list of them.

42. Good deed. In very deed; the good being intensive, as in good sooth (Temp. ii. 2. 150), good troth (see on 17 above), etc. The 1st folio has

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(good-deed)" here, the later folios have (good-heed)" or "(good heed)."

43. Far. Tick. Cf. the verb in Rich. II. v. 5. 51 :

"My thoughts are minutes; and with sighs they jar
Their watches on unto mine eyes," etc.

Holt White quotes Heywood, Troia Britannica: "He hears no wakingclocke, nor watch to jarre;" and Malone adds The Spanish Tragedy: "the minutes jerring, and the clocke striking."

44. What lady she. Whatever lady she may be, any lady whatever. The Coll. MS. has "should" for she, and St. and Abbott (Gr. 255) print "lady-she." Schmidt puts the passage under “ she = = woman (see A. Y. L. p. 170, or Gr. 224), and makes the phrase="a woman that is a lady;" but it seems better to consider it elliptical, as W., Clarke, and others do. W. remarks that, while "should" is plausible, the original reading is "neither obscure nor inelegant" and "has_a_quaint fascination, which is lost in the proposed emendation." Mr. J. Crosby has suggested "e'er" for she, but now prefers the latter.

47. Limber. Flexible, weak; the only instance of the word in S. 48. Unsphere the stars. Remove them from their spheres (as the word was used in the Ptolemaic astronomy) or their orbits. Cf. M. N. D. ii. 1. 153: "And certain stars shot madly from their spheres," etc.

50. Verily is. The 1st folio has "Verely 'is ;" and St. and W. read

"Verily 's."

53. Pay your fees, etc. "An allusion to a piece of English law procedure, which, although it may have been enforced till very recently, could hardly be known to any except lawyers, or those who had themselves actually been in prison on a criminal charge-that, whether guilty or innocent, the prisoner was liable to pay a fee on his liberation " (Lord Campbell).