apertior, alias solutior et obscurior sit: ejus autem très videntur esse species. Primam constituunt speciem parallela synonyma cum proposita quacunque sententia, eadem denuo exprimitur aliis verbis idem fere significantibus. Cujus exempla præbent Ps. exiv. Isai. lx. 1-3; liii. 1-5.

Fit nonnunquam parallelismus per iterationem partis alicujus prioris membri. Vide Ps. xciv. 13: Judic. xv. 16 Nah. i. 2. Sæpe deest aliquid in posteriore membro e priore repetendum ad explendam sententiam. Vide Ps. cv. 20. Isai. xlix. 7. Frequenter totum membrum posterius parti duntaxat alicui prioris respondet. Vide Isai. lx. 1. Ps. xcvii. 1.

Tricola non habent ultra duo parallela synonyma, impar membrum vel inchoat periodum, vel pene concludit, et ad reliquorum utrumque sæpe referri potest. Vide

I

Ps. xciii. 3, 4.

נשאו. .c& נשיזר .c&

ישאו .c&: מקלות .c&

אדירים .c&

לכן .c&

:&c.

In Pentacolis, quorum similis fere est ratio, medium nonnunquam locum habet mem brum impar inter duo disticha. Vide

Tetracola fere constant duobus distichis; sed est ubi in his peculiare quoddam artificium cernitur in sententiarum distributione. Vide

In quibus utrisque locis posteriora membra ad priora referenda sunt alternatim Eleganter etiam Isai. liv. 5.

In sequentibus alternat constructionis forma. Vide

Hoc tetracolon est singularis exempli, ubi posterius membrum ad duo priora divisim tribuendum est, ut sit, qui altissime habitat in cælis, et humillime respicit qua sunt in

terrá.

Secundam speciem faciunt parallela antitheta, cum opposito contrario res illustratur. Hoc non uno modo fit; nam et sententia sententiis, verba verbis, singula singulis bina binis, unum uni, opponitur. Vide

Prov. xxvii. 6, 7.

1

Fit nonnunquam contrapositio partium inter se eadem sententia. Vide

}

Quod etiam divisim sumendum est, "nigra ut tentoria Kedarensium, pulchra ut aulæa Salomonis."

Equidem totum hoc genus potissimum convenit adagiis, et dictis acutis, adeoque in parabolis Salomonis præcipue cernitur.

Tertia species est parallelorum, cum sententia invicem respondent non ejusdem rei iteratione, aut oppositione diversarum, sed solâ constructionis forma. Vide

But see farther, on this subject of the metre, Dr Grey's Grammar, Hare on the Psalms, Bishop Horsley and Bishop of Killala on Isaiah.

In a council held at Trent, September 17, 1569, a question was started, whether Jesus Christ, when he first instituted the sacrament of the Eucharist, did then offer and sacrifice himself? If he did not at that time offer himself a sacrifice, then the MASS, which is founded on the institution, do this in remembrance of me, is no sacrifice; and, if he did sacrifice himself, it must have been propitiatory, as it is said ke offered himself but once, and then the sacrifice of the cross had been unprofitable and unnecessary, as the sins of mankind had been expiated by the sacrifice of the Eucharist. And, in the following session, nine articles were read concerning the doctrine of the mass; the sum of which were, that it had been instituted by Christ in the last supper; that it was propitiatory for the living and the dead; that it was offered only to God, though it might sometimes be celebrated in honour of the saints; that the canon of the mass, and the rites and ceremonies appointed by the church for its celebration, were all free from error; that the masses, in which the priest alone communicated, were common to all the hearers; that, in the chalice, water ought to be used for wine; that the mass ought not to be celebrated in the vulgar tongue, but that its mysteries ought frequently to be explained to the people; to all which articles anathe

mas

mas were added against the adversaries of that doctrine: however, twenty-two or twenty-three prelates refused their assent to this canon. Mod. Un. Hist. vol. xxvi. p. 349.

The Cardinal of Lorrain, on the 10th of May, 1563, in a general congregation held at Trent, presented a letter from his niece, MARY, queen of Scotland, by which she declared that she would submit to the council; and promised, that, if she should ever · succeed to the crown of England, she would subject both kingdoms to the authority of the Roman see. Mod. Un. Hist. vol xxVİ. P 354.

There are three things to be considered wherever a sum of MONEY is mentioned in: antient times: rst, the change of denomination, by which a pound has been reduced to the third part of its antient weight in silver; secondly, the change in value by the greater plenty of money, which has reduced the same weight of silver to tẹn timės less value compared to commodities, and, consequently, a pound sterling to the thir tieth part of the antient value; thirdly, the fewer people and less industry. Allowing then, that England has now six times more industry and three times more people than it had at the conquest, and for some reigns after that period, we are, upon that sup-b position, to conceive, taking all circumstances together, every sum of money men tioned by historians as if it were multiplied more than a hundred fold above a sum of the same denomination at present. Hume's Hist, append. i.

How long a time MIRACLES continued in the church is a question that cannot easi-n ly and needs not critically be determined. Thus much, however, the nature of the thing itself will suggest; that, as miracles were conferred in order to evince the truths of the Gospel and to promote its reception at its first setting out, so were they conti nued for as long a time as it stood in need of such credentials. When the prejudices. of mankind began to abate, these extraordinary manifestations, which were designed to conquer them, we may well suppose, abated likewise, and at length totally ceased when Christianity was thoroughly established; miracles were then of no farther use.. Owen's Serm. vol. ii. p. 273,

Henry VIII. at different times, suppressed 646 MONASTERIES, of which 28 had abbots that enjoyed a seat in parliament. Ninety colleges were demolished in several counties, 2,374 chantries, and free chapels, and 110 hospitals. The whole revenue of these establishments amounted to £161,100. It is worthy of observation, that all the lands, and possessions, and revenue, of England had, a little before this period, been rated at £4,000,000 a year, so that the revenues of the monks, even comprehending the lesser monasteries, did not exceed the twentieth part of the national income, a sum vastly inferior, to what is commonly apprehended. The lands belonging to the

convents

convents were usually let at very low rent, and the farmers, who regarded themselves": as a species of proprietors, took always care to renew their leases before they expired: Hume's Hist. vol iv. p. 182. 487

5

LA statute was passed, in the reign of Henry VIII. to fix the price of MEAT, beef, pork,mutton, and teal. Beef and pork were ordered to be sold at a halfpenny a pound, mutton and veal at a halfpenny half a farthing, money of that age. The preamble of the statute says, that these four species of butcher's meat were the food ofa the poorer sort. Hume's Hist. vol. iv. p.277. uz durva

How much better did the poor live then than they do now; and how much stronger must the principles of religion act upon men's minds now than they did then, if another observation respecting robberies be trufe, for which see the letter R.TE

Upon the MARRIAGE of the clergy, Courayer, in his notes upon the ninth book of Sleidan, remarks thus: "Quoique le mariage des prêtres n'ait rien en soi de criminelTM ni d'illegitime, et qu'il ait même eu lieu dans les premiers tems de l'église, on ne peut désavouée néanmoins qu'il n'entraine après soi plusieurs inconvéniens dans l'exercice * des fonctions ecclésiastiques, La nécessité de vaquer à des soins domestiques, et de pourvoir à l'éducation et à l'établissement d'une famille; l'impossibilité de se soustraire ! autant qu'il conviendroit à l'embarras des intérêts seculiers'; les scandales qui arrivent quelquefois par les fautes d'une femme et des enfans; · la nécessité ou l'on se trouve re- ́s duit de solliciter des avancemens, ou d'accumuler, contre les règles de l'église, bénéfice sur bénéfice; ou pour soutenir une famille pauvre et nombreuse, ou pour fournir à la vanité et au luxe d'une plus riche; sont autant de suites presqu'infaillibles du mariage, et qui ne servent qu'à distraire les ecclésiastiques de leurs fonctions, "qu'à diminuer le respect dû a leur ministère, et qu'à discréditer les ministres, lorsqu'on les voit sujets aux mêmes passions que les seculiers, et que même ils paroissent plus mondaines' parcequ'on s'attend à les trouver plus spirituels. Le milieu qui propose François I. > qui étoit, non qu'on interdit le mariage aux ecclésiastiques, mais que, s'ils ne pouvoient s'en abstenir, on les exclut de l'exercice du ministère ecclésiastique, tient une sorte de milieu entre les deux extrêmes, et par là paroissoit a ce prince préférable à › tout autre."

Marriage not to be forbidden priests proved from the great evils which ensued from the imposition of celibate on the clergy. For a remedy to which, in the time of Pope Pius II. dispensations for concubinate became so common, that, instead of gi ying scandal by them, they were rather considered as the characters of modesty and temperance. Burnet on Article 82.

Confusion of progeny constitutes the essence of adultery; and, therefore, a woman who breaks her marriage vow is much more criminal than a man who does it. A man, to be sure, is criminal in the sight of God, but he does not do his wife a very material: injury,