COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.

(Incorporated by Royal Charter.)

PROFESSIONAL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION.

-MARCH, 1882.

THURSDAY, March 9th-Morning, 11 to 1.

NATURAL HISTORY.

Examiner-Prof. T. RUPERT JONES, F.R.S.

ZOOLOGY.

1. Enumerate the chief groups of the Reptilia and the Amphibia (Batrachia). Point out the chief differences between these two great Orders. Describe any one leading type in particular.

2. Point out the differences in structure and metamorphosis of the Bee, Butterfly, and Cockchafer.

3. Enumerate the different kinds of Marine Mammalia, with an account of their distribution, and of their use to Man.

4. Indicate the differences existing between the Cursorial and the Gallinaceous Birds; and describe the geographical distribution of each group.

5. By what characteristics are Sharks distinguished from other Fishes? Mention some genera of the Shark tribe, also some of the Fishes that are nearest to them in natural order.

6. Describe one of the Hydrozoa and one of the Actinozoa. State what you know of the geographical distribution and conditions of life of some of each of these two groups.

1. Describe briefly (with diagrams) a spike, a raceme, a corymb, an umbel, a panicle, and a thyrsus, with some of their modifications. Mention the plants to which they belong; and explain why they are referred to as examples of Indefinite Inflorescence.

2. Mention examples of at least eight kinds of Corolla among common plants, giving full technical descriptions, with diagrams if possible.

3. Write out a classification of Sexual or Flowering Plants, with the chief characteristics of the groups into which you divide them.

4. Define what is meant by the following terms:-stomata, parenchyma, pleurenchyma, cotyledons, nodes, cambium, epidermis, and raphides.

5. Name the common garden plant which has its Flower regular, with many bracts; Calyx of 5 sepals combined into a 5-cleft tube; Corolla of 5 free petals alternate with the sepals; Stamens 10, five alternate with and five opposite to the petals; Pistil of 2 combined carpels forming a 1-celled ovary with 2 styles. In what Natural Order do you place this plant? Give your

reasons.

6. Enumerate the chief botanical allies of the cabbage, potato, carrot, globe-artichoke, pea, and gooseberry, respectively.

1. Explain what is meant by the Composition of Forces, and show how such composition is effected.

Also, explain what is meant by the Resolution of Forces, and employ the principle to explain the motion in one of the three following cases :

(a) The rising of a kite through the air.
(b) The motion of the sails of a windmill.
(c) The sailing of a boat against the wind.

2. What is meant by the moment of a force about a point? Prove that the sum of the moments about any point of two forces acting on the same body, is equal to the moment of their resultant about the same point.

3. When a weight is supported on an inclined plane by a force acting along the plane, show that the ratio of the force to the weight is the same as the ratio of the height of the plane to its length.

And that the ratio of the supporting force to the normal pressure on the plane is the same as the ratio of the height of the plane to its base.

4. Show that a rod, balanced on a knife-edge, is in unstable equilibrium; and, having given two leaden balls, show how the rod may be loaded to make its equilibrium stable.

5. What is meant in the science of Mechanics by Energy? Give illustrations of the different forms of energy, and of the accumulation and dissipation of energy.

6. When a body falls freely under the action of gravity, explain the laws of the increase of velocity with the time and the distance passed over in successive seconds of time.

A stone dropped from a stationary balloon falls with ac celeration 32, and strikes the ground with a velocity 352 feet per second; how long was it in falling, and what was the height of the balloon?

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7. In an Atwood's machine, 800 grains draw up 640 grains through a height of 7.15 feet in two seconds, what is the value of g? 8. Investigate the law of pressure exerted by liquids at different depths due to their weight.

Prove that the surface of still water maintains the same level.

9. Describe a way in which the specific gravity of a fluid could be determined by means of a balance.

A glass globe weighs 543 grammes, and has a specific gravity 3; what will be its apparent weight when immersed in a liquid whose specific gravity is 9.

10. Describe the action of the common Force-pump. Show how a continuous stream of water may be obtained by means of it.

[Candidates must satisfy the Examiner in at least two Parts of this paper.]

Ein Jüngling kam vor einen breiten Strom, um sich überseßen zu lassen. Es war die erste Wasserfahrt in seinem Leben. Das Dorf, wohin er sich begeben wollte, lag dem Landungsplay, von welchem er abstieß, gerade gegenüber; der Schiffer aber stemmte sich auf seinem Boote der Strömung des Wassers so mächtig entgegen, daß es schien, als wollte er weit oberhalb des Zieles landen.

Der Reisende fragte daher: Wo soll es denn hingehen, guter Freund? -Gerade gegenüber, antwortete der Fährmann.—Wenn das gerade heißt, sprach der junge Mann, so habe ich alles Augenmaß verloren. Geht es so fort, so kommen wir vier bis fünfhundert Schritte zu weit hinauf.

Ja, mein junger Herr, wenn es so fortgeht, versezte der Fährmann; die Gewalt des Wassers aber wird uns, wenn wir in die Mitte kommen, weit genug abwärts treiben. Mein Vater pflegte zu sagen: „Ein guter Fährmann, der gerade über den Strom will, muß wie ein wahrhaft guter Mensch sein Ziel ein wenig zu hoch stecken, sonst kommt er zu tief darunter ; denn Jenen treibt der Strom des Wassers, Diesen der Strom der Welt abwärts."

Wirklich mußte der Schiffer am Ende noch alle Kraft anstrengen, um nicht unter dem Ziele zu landen. Der Jüngling aber zahlte das Fahrgeld vierfach. Eine gute Lehre," sprach er,,,ist oft mehr werth, als ein geleisteter Dienst, und euch, mein guter Freund, gebührt für Beides meine Erkenntlichkeit."

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Immerhin stelle dein Ziel, o Jüngling, hoch—sehr hoch, damit dich weder der Strom der Welt, noch die Fluten der Leidenschaften abwärts, tief unter das Ziel treiben.

II. Grammatical Questions.

1. Which substantives take in the genitive singular n or en? Give the genitive singular and nominative plural of der Astronom,

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