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-69. Incute vim ventis throw fury into the winds. Henry, following Servius, prefers to consider ventis the instrum. abl. ; attack them (i. e. the Trojans) with the winds. Submersas obrue: merge et obrue. Gr. 579. A. & S. 274. 3 (6). —70. Diversos: different directions; the crews. - 71. Corpore. Gr. 428. A. & S. 211, R. 6. — 72. Quarum. Gr. 396. III. 2 and 3) (2). A. & S. 212, R. 2. Quae forma pulcherrima; a circumlocution for pulcherrimam. Forma. Gr. 429. A. & S. 250. 1. Deiopea; in the case of quae by attraction, instead of the regular acc., which is found in some MSS., but is considered an inferior reading. Gr. 445. 9: 665. A. & S. 206 (6) (b); 301, N. —73. Connubio. Gr. 669. II. and 3. A. & S. 306. I and (3). Propriamque dicabo and will make her thine forever. See on E. VII. 31. Juno speaks not only as the mistress of the nymph, but as the goddess of marriage. It is in the same character that she offers to dispose of the hand of Dido, IV. 126, where this line is repeated. —75. Pulchra ... prole. Gr. 428. A. & S. 211, R. 6. But some prefer to take it with faciat as an abl. of means, and others, as an abl. abs. -76. He throws the responsibility on her thine is the task to examine well what thou askest. Optes. Gr. 525. A. & S. 265.-77. Labor. So Juno, IV. 115. Fas est is exculpatory; I am doing my duty in executing thy commands.-78. Tu. Observe the very strong emphasis indicated by the expression and repetition of the pronoun. Regni; with hoc. Gr. 396. III. A. & S. 212, R. 2. Sceptra. See on v. 57. Jovem; i. e. Jupiter's favor, or patronage. -79. Concilias... das... facis; in the present to express the tenure on which he continues to hold his station. Epulis. Gr. 386. A. & S. 224. Accumbere. See on mulcere, v. 66. 80. Nimborum. Gr. 399 and 2. 2) (3). A. & S. 213 and R. 1 (3). 81. Cavum - latus = he pushed the hollow mountain on the side with his spear turned towards it; thus opening the claustra, which are to be conceived of as folding-doors opening inwards. Cf. VII. 620: Tum regina deum coelo delapsa morantes Impulit ipsa manu portas. Conversa; not inverted, but simply turned towards the mountain. Cf. in me — conversos, Cicero in Cat. IV. I. In latus; not sidewise, nor over on its side, nor into its side, making a breach, but on or against its side. Of all the commentators, Henry alone, whose interpretation Con. adopts, and which we have here given, seems to have fully comprehended the sense of this passage. -82. Velut-facto as if a troop were formed, as it were with one accord. -84. Incubuere cibly upon. For the perf. see on fugere, G. v. 90. Mari. Gr. 386. A. & S. 224. Una; emphatic and repeating the idea Ruunt upheave. See on G. I. 105.

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they have fallen forI. 330. So intonuere, Totum; sc. mare. -85. expressed in agmine facto. Procellis. Gr. 419. III.

-96. =son of

A. & S. 250. 2 (1). —90. Poli the heavens; i. e. it thunders from pole to pole. — 92. Aeneae. Gr. 384; 398. 5. A. & S. 223; 211, R. 5 (1). Solvuntur are unnerved, rendered powerless. Frigore =by chilling fear.—93. Duplices=ambas.—95. Quis. Gr. 187. I. A. &. S. 136, R. 2. Ante ora patrum probably means, dying with the friends for whom they are fighting to cheer them on. Oppetere = to meet death (sc. mortem). -97. Tydide Tydeus; i. e. Diomedes, king of Argos. In the army of the Greeks before Troy, he was, next to Achilles, the bravest among the heroes, and engaged in single combat with Hector, Aeneas, and other distinguished Trojans. Gr. 316 and 2. A. & S. 100. 1 and (a) (2). Mene...non potuisse that I could not. Gr. 553. III. 1. 2 and 3. A. & S. 270, R. 2 (a). Occumbere; sc. morti. 98. Tua... dextra. Aeneas would have been killed by Diomedes, if Venus had not rescued him. 99. Saevus=fortis. Aeacidae. See on E. IV. 36. Hector; the eldest son of Priam and Hecuba, the husband of Andromache, and the chief hero of the Trojans in their war with the Greeks.100. Sarpedon; son of Jupiter and Laodameia, a Lycian prince, and in the Trojan war an ally of the Trojans. He distinguished himself by his valor, and was slain by Patroclus. Simois; a river of Troas, rising in Mt. Ida, and, united with the Scamander, flowing through the plains of Troy into the Hellespont. Correpta ... volvit = corripit et volvit. Sub undis. Join with correpta. 101. Virum. Gr. 45. 5. 4). A. & S. 53. —102. Jactanti = to him ejaculating; a variety of the ethical dat., to be taken with ferit. Gr. 389. A. & S. 228, N. Stridens Aquilone = howling with the north wind. 103. Adversa = full in front. 104. Tum prora avertit; a consequence of the franguntur remi. Avertit; intrans. like avertens, v. 402. —105. Cumulo in a mass, with its mass. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2. Cf. II. 498. Praeruptus 106. Hi; referring to different ships, not to men in different parts of the same. — 107. Furit... arenis raves with the sands; i. e. pulls them violently about with it. Cf. III. 557. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2. —108. Tres; sc. naves. tus; put for the wind in general. So Eurus, v. 110, and Auster, v. 536. Abreptas... torquet―abripit et torquet. Latentia; i. e. in a storm; for in a calm they are visible: dorsum immane mari summo. Cf. V. 125. 109. Saxa. These are generally supposed to be the Aegimuri insulae at the mouth of the bay of Carthage, about thirty miles from the city. They were called Arae because Carthaginian priests used to offer sacrifices there to avert shipwrecks on the rocks. The order is saxa quae mediis in fluctibus (exstantia) Itali vocant Aras. -110. Dorsum: = reef. Gr. 363. A. & S. 204. Mari. Gr. 422. I. A. & S. 254, R. 3. —111. Brevia et Syrtes

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precipitous.

No

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A. &

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= brevia Syrtium. See on v. 61. These were probably the well known Syrtis Major and Syrtis Minor, on the coast of Africa, southeast of Carthage, IV. 41; though most of the commentators (for what reasons they do not see fit to tell us) refer them to other shoals. Miserabile. Gr. 438. 3. A. & S. 205, R. 8. Visu. Gr. 570 and 1. A. & S. 276. III. — 113. Oronten; a name invented by Virgil. Cf. VI. 334. Gr. 93. 3. A. & S. 80. IV. — 114. Ipsius; i. e. Aeneas. A vertice. See on G. II. 310. Pontus = fluctus; as we speak of "shipping a heavy sea." -115. In puppim; like in latus, v. 82. Gr. 85. III. 3. A. & S. 79. 3. Excutitur is knocked off. Magister = gubernator. Compare VI. 353 with 337. — 117. Agens forcing, impelling. 118. Rari nantes; with reference to vasto. -119. Tabulae = planks, boards; i. e. of such fragile parts as the benches of the rowers, pilot-house, aplustre, etc.; for we must not suppose the vessel to have gone to pieces. Per undas all over the water: emphatic, and in direct contrast with rari in gurgite vasto. 120. The names of Пlioneus and Abas are from Homer, but the persons are different, both being killed in Hom. Achatae; Aeneas's most faithful friend and companion. — 121. Aletes; a fictitious name, like Orontes and many others found in the Aeneid. — 122. Vicit. The ship of Orontes alone was wholly lost. Hiems = tempestas. Cf. v. 125. Compagibus. Gr. 431. S. 257, R. 7 (a). 123. Imbrem = aquam. Rimis. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2. 124. Magno murmure. Cf. IV. 160. Misceri... emissam. Notice the change of tense from incomplete to completed action.—125. Imis ... vadis, the same as a sedibus imis, v. 84. Gr. 422. 2. A. & S. 255, R. 3 (b). — 126. Stagna refusa = the waters had been poured back, worked up; i. e. from the bottom. Graviter commotus = much disturbed; a state of feeling not inconsistent with the placidum caput of the next verse. Alto prospiciens=looking out over the sea; i. e. in order to discover the cause of the disturbance in his realm. Alto is not the point from which the view is taken, nor the object viewed, but the field of view, the tract of space over which Neptune looked. Gr. 379. 5. A. & S. 225. IV. R. 2. 127. Summa. Gr. 441. 6. A. & S. 205, R. 17. Placidum; as becoming the dignity of the sea-god, and as 'contributing to the res toration of order and tranquillity.—129. Coelique ruina=by the downfall of the sky. See on G. I. 324.-130. Fratrem; Neptune. Gr. 371. 3. A. & S. 223, R. 2 (1) (a). — 131. Eurum... Zephyrum; here used to represent all the winds. Dehinc. Gr. 669. II. A. & S. 306. 1 and (2). — 132. Generis... fiducia vestri = confidence in your race; i. e. in your semi-divine origin, as the sons of the Titan Astraeus and Aurora. -133. Jam has it come to this, that. Coelum terramque... miscere, a proverbial expression for uni

versal confusion. See another form of it, V. 790, 791. Numine= nutu, nod, assent. — 134. Moles (sc. aquarum); i. e. fluctus. 135. Quos ego. Gr. 704. I. 3. A. & S. 324. 33. 136. Post another time. Non; with simili.—138. Saevum stern; because the badge of stern authority. 139. Sorte. See on Ov. M. V. 368. Tenet ille; i. e. his province is. Immania-domos; referring not exclusively to the cave of the winds, but generally to the wild, rocky Aeolia, where the winds had their home, where the cave of the winds was.-140. Vestras; referring to the whole company, though only one is named. Illa...in aula. Illa plainly refers aula to immania saxa and vestras domos; therefore the aula (or court), in which Aeolus is here told to display his power (se jactet), is neither the celsa arx of v. 56, nor "the cavern of the winds," but simply the country of Aeolia. - 141. Clauso carcere. Gr. 431. A. & S. 257. Clauso is emphatic. Let him close the prison of the winds, and then let him reign absolute. This is Henry's interpretation, and just the opposite of the common one, viz. let him reign absolute in the closed prison of the winds; but it is preferred for three reasons: Ist, the command thus interpreted is compatible with the dignity of Neptune; 2d, imperatively required by the circumstances of the case; 3d, in perfect harmony with the delegated authority of Aeolus, who might be as despotic as he pleased among the immania saxa of Aeolia, provided only he did not open or shut the prison of the winds without orders: cf. jussus, v. 63. — 142. Dicto citius; i. e. before he had done his speech. Gr. 417. 6. A. & S. 256, R. 9. - 144. Cymothoe; a Nereid. See on E. V. 75. Triton. See on Ov. M. I. 333. Adnixus. Gr. 439. A. & S. 205, R. 2, Ex. —145. Naves. See v. 108. Scopulo. Gr. 421. I. A. & S. 242. Levat; i. e. so that they may float off the rock. — 146. Vastas aperit; i. e. so that the ships (v. 110) may get out. These words are explained by v. 112, aggere cingit arenae. The ships are surrounded by the sandbank on all sides. 147. Rotis... levibus; i. e. celeri curru. Cf. V. 819.

-148-156. This simile is remarkable as an illustration of Nature from man, the reverse of which is the general rule in Virg. as in Homer. The image was no doubt suggested by the riots in the Roman forum during the political contests of the later republic. It is an instance of a simile where the construction of the sentence is fully drawn out. Ac couples the whole with what has gone before. The apodosis to veluti is sic (v. 154); that to quum would seem to be tum (v. 151), as it is there that the point of the simile is introduced. - 148. Magno in populo= in a concourse of people. Quum saepe quum, ut saepe fit.—149. Animis. Gr. 429. A. & S. 250. 1. — 150. Faces, to fire buildings with, were regular arms of a Roman mob. — 151. Pietate; general discharge of duty. Gr. 414 and 2. A. & S.

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247 and 1. Meritis; services to the state. 152. Adstant. Here and in II. 303, ad expresses attention.-154. Cecidit...flectit. For the tenses see on E. I. 31. Postquam = = as soon as. - -155. Genitor, like pater, when thus applied, is simply a title of honor. See on G. II. 4. Aperto; i. e. cleared of clouds. —156. Curru. Gr. 384 and II. A. & S. 223. Secundo easy-gliding; from sequi, to follow. -157. Aeneadae. Gr. 316 and 3. A. & S. 100. I and (3). Quae litora. See on quae semper, E. I. 54, and quae forma pulcherrima, v. 72. The relative supplies the want of an article. Cursu = = rapide. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2. —158. Libyae. See on v. 22.-159. Probably an imaginary description, though some have endeavored to identify the spot. In secessu longo = in a deep recess. Cf. III. 229.-160. Objectu laterum=objectis lateribus, by the shelter (lit. opposition) of its sides. -161. Inque reductos = and parts into the deep hollows of the shore. Cf. G: IV. 420.162. Hinc...hinc; i. e. on the mainland, two promontories of which form the headlands of the harbor. Vastae rupes may be taken as the line of cliffs, and scopuli as the peaks at its extremities.

verse.

Gemini implies likeness. Cf. III. 535. Minantur = tower. 164. Tuta seems to include the two notions, protected from the wind and safe for ships. Silvis scena coruscis = a background of waving woods. Scena was the wall which closed the stage behind; here it is that which closes the view. Gr. 428. A. & S. 211, R. 6. — 165. Horrenti = rough, shaggy. Umbra. Gr. 414 and 2. A. & S. 247 and 1.166. Fronte sub adversa; i. e. at the head of the cove, under the front of the cliffs facing the entrance of the harbor. Scopulis. Gr. 428. A. & S. 211, R. 6. So saxo in next –167. Dulces; of fresh water. G. II. 243. Vivo; not hewn, but natural, and as it were growing. See on G. II. 469. — 169. Unco...morsu; with alligat, as dente tenaci in the parallel passage, VI. 3, with fundabat. —170. Septem; i. e. three from the reef, three from the sandbank, and his own. -171. Amore = desiderio. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2.— -172. Arena. Gr. 419. I. A. & S. 245. I. Cf. tellure potiti, III. 278.-173. Sale. See on v. 35.-174. Silici. Gr. 386. 2. A. & S. 224, R. 2.— - 175. Succepit = caught and kept alive. Foliis. Gr. 414 and 4. A. & S. 247 and 3.-176. Nutrimenta; the same as foliis ; i. e. additional nutriment placed around it to increase it sufficiently for the application of the kindling-wood (fomite). Rapuit quickly kindled. The whole passage describes minutely the different steps in the process of making a fire by means of a flint. - 177. Cererem; for frumentum. Cerealia arma; i. e. the hand-mill and the kneading-trough. See on G. I. 160.-178. Rerum=with misfortunes. Gr. 399. 3. 4). A. & S. 213, R. 2. Receptas saved; i. e. from the sea.-179.

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