conference between Mr. Rush and Lord Castlereagh, after the affair was past, the latter said, that "had the English Cabinet felt and acted otherwise than as it did, such was the temper of parliament, and such the feeling of the country, he believed WAR MIGHT HAVE BEEN PRODUCED BY HOLDING UP A FINGER; and he even thought an address to the Throne might have been carried for one, BY NEARLY A UNANIMOUS VOTE."

Mr. Rush awards high and deserved praise to the ministry, for its wise firmness and calmness at that perilous juncture.

Mr. Rush, among other interesting persons, had repeated conversations with Sir James Macin tosh-that deep and calm observer of men and things, that profound master in speculative thought; to me ever instructive; the modern Burke;" "in conversation uniting condensation, to knowledge the most abundant and various; so benigDant in temper, that you never hear him harsh upon any one, and his powers of analysis seeming to delight in justly discriminating the talents and virtues of his great contemporaries. Nor does he keep back the merit of political opponents, while true to his own faith. How rare such a man, and what a model for politicians !"

66

young trees, every year, to supply the places of those which were cut down for timber.

"He said that his timber, by careful planting, annually yielded almost as large a revenue as his whole estate when he first came to the possession.

"It was chiefly the chestnut, and black Italian poplar, that he planted-sometimes other sorts, and always in quantities to replace, as each year came round, the number of acres annually deprived of timber. Time thus kept up the supply."

The very plan that we, the critic, have been for years recommending to some of our Virginia friends; whose land, too poor for wheat or corn, would in fifteen years rear a crop of chesnut and locust trees that would be worth the present value of the land, twenty times over! We know a village, where locust posts, six or seven feet long, and four inches thick, sell for twenty-five cents a piece and a tree, yielding at least two such posts, would grow from the seed in ten or twelve years. An acre would produce one such tree for every two yards square: upwards of 1,200 trees, at half a dollar each! Chestnut trees grow equally fast, and are hardly less valuable.

The great Lord Erskine the next year told Mr. Rush, that a chesnut tree upon his estate, which his gardener had bought for sixpence, now yielded him thirty pounds a year-nearly $150! (Mean

Another fact mentioned by Mr. Coke may, as Mr. R. says, "deserve a memorandum. It was, that although banking along the sea side was considered the hardest work done in Norfolk county by laboring men, those who followed it drank nothing but water. They had plenty of animal food, but found their strength fail them if they drank either beer or spirits."

The style of speaking in the House of Commons drew from Sir James Macintosh a remark worth treasuring up, by our long-winded orators. ing, no doubt, by its fruit.) He said, "The true light in which to consider it, was as animated conversation on public business;" adding, that it was rare for any speech to succeed in that body, which was raised on any other basis." More than a year afterwards, Mr. Rush mentioned this remark to Mr. Canning, who "accedes to it; and says, it is true, as a general rule, that their speaking must take conversation as its basis, rather than any thing studied, or stately. The House We ask the attention of those many slovenly was a business-doing body, and the speaking must managers, who so devoutly despise what they call conform to its character: it was jealous of orna-book-farming--that is, every method which themment in debate, which, if it came at all, must come selves, their fathers, and their grand-fathers, and as without consciousness. There must be method also; but this should be felt in the effect, rather than seen in the manner."

O, when will the debates in our Legislative Halls, in Washington and elsewhere, become mere "animated conversation on public business! It is the very beau ideal of them.

their great-grand-fathers have not practised,—to a page in which Mr. Rush tells a little, (but that little is astounding,) of the immense increase that has been wrought in the agricultural products of England, by "SCIENCE WITH PRACTICE."

Who was Junius ?-is yet an unsettled question: but of the names that have been arrayed as comAmong the many delightful visits which Mr. petitors for that unfathered and unenvied honor, Rush made, was one of several days to the great Sir PHILIP FRANCIS is by far the most plausibly Norfolk farmer-Mr. Coke, of Holkham. We supported. In addition to the volume of proofs abstain from telling the immensity of his estates, long ago published, tending to show that he was the spaciousness of his halls, and the magnificence the mysterious murderer of reputations as well as of his entertainments, lest we excite the spleen, powerful asserter of liberty, Mr. Rush in several envy, or despair of our own farmers. His hospi- places mentions the opinions of numerous and setality, and his munificent charities, were in full pro- lect companies, as concentrating on Sir Philip. portion to his wealth. It seems odd to a Virginian Such was the case at a dining-party at Mr. Canreader, that the sheep-shearing was in July. Ano-ning's, in July, 1820; where Mr. C. told an anecther fact in Mr. Coke's management is worth no- dote derived from George IV. when Prince of ting. He regularly planted acorns, chestnuts, or Wales. At the time when Junius' Letters were

VOL. XI-94

before he made the intrepid and honest lawyer Attorney General of Great Britain!-and not long afterwards, Lord Chief Justice, in which station, says Mr. Rush," he still remains-an honor to the kingdom!"

appearing, George III. used to attend the theatre | and the hands of his adversaries. But the sailor thrice a week; and on those evenings, the play-King, practising what others only preach-not rebill was brought into him by a page, named Ramus. membering, as monarch, the grievances of the On the evening before Sir Philip Francis sailed Duke of Orleans-had hardly mounted the throne, for India, Ramus handed to the king, along with the play-bill, a note from Garrick, informing Ramus that there would be no more letters from Junius. This was the very night on which Junius wrote his laconic note to Garrick, denouncing vengeance for some tattle which the terrible Unknown To all lovers of fun, and to those who do not said that Garrick had carried to Court about him. regard a little romping or child's play as shockingly Sir Philip embarked for India the next morning; infra dig, to elderly, or grown up ladies and genand the letters from that day ceased. It was ad- tlemen, we have the agreeable task of communicaded, that a relation of Ramus' lived with Sir Philip, ting, out of Mr. Rush's book, no less than three, and sailed with him. "The whole narrative," says reasonably high precedents for sports, which many Mr. Rush, "excited much attention, and was new a staid and starched London cit would no doubt to most of the company. The first impression it pronounce werry wulgar. The first two are emmade was, not only that it went far towards show-bodied in the following account of what passed at ing, by proof almost direct, that Sir Philip Fran- a dinner, where were present Colonel Wilkes, the cis was the author, but that Garrick must have English Governor at St. Helena, who first had been in the secret.” * "The style of the letters charge of Bonaparte, and other select persons. was criticised. Mr. Canning did not think very highly of it; nor did Sir William Scott, though not going so far in dispraise as Mr. Canning. Sir William Grant also said, that Mr. Fox never mired the style."

ad

On other topics, too, Mr. Rush gives "scraps of the conversation. It flowed tranquilly on, with unstudied point and ease the whole time, from a company, than which it would, perhaps, not have been easy to assemble in England, one of the same size, comprising more of intellectual power, in union with personal accomplishments."

Our ambassador was in London during the Queen's trial, and all the heats which preceded and followed it. From the much he tells of great interest concerning that affair, we have only room for the ever-memorable incident in Mr., now Lord Denman's history; an incident almost equally honorable to him, and to the Prince whom he scourged, and by whom he was rewarded.

"Colonel Wilkes told anecdotes of Bonaparte. The one which struck me most was, that a frequent pastime with him after his arrival at St. Helena, was to play at blind-man's-buff with the ladies and children; and that he entered fully into the spirit of it.

"Is this the game of the great names of the earth? Last month I heard, that the profound jurists of Britain, her statesmen, and orators, her Cannings and Scotts, played it with the Queen at Blackheath. I now learned, through a channel equally authentic, that Napoleon was addicted to it!"

Our third precedent is the game of "twenty questions," proposed by Mr. CANNING at a great dinner, among half a dozen lords and ministers of State. "Parliament having just risen, he and his two colleagues of the Cabinet, Mr. Huskisson and Mr. Robinson, seemed like birds let out of a cage."

The game consists, in endeavors to find The Duke of Clarence, then a high officer in the out your thoughts by asking twenty questions." Navy, was either a witness against the Queen, or You think of some sensible object, not occult, or was somehow concerned in circulating matter to too scientific; and the questioner asks you its maher prejudice. Denman was one of her counsel; terial, its qualities, &c., in a plain way. You are and, addressing himself to the assembled peerage to answer him plainly, and he is to guess the object, of the realm, in thundering tones denounced the if he can, from your answers. Mr. Canning, on Duke-a brother of the King-as a slanderer-this occasion, was chosen as questioner, assisted "Come forth," said he, "THOU SLANDERER!" dou- by the chancellor of the Exchequer. Mr. Rush, bling the severity of the words by their sarcastic aided by Lord Granville, was to answer. "With tone, and by "the turn of the speaker's eye to- these preliminaries, and the parties sitting face to wards the object of his incensed eloquence." Eight face on opposite sides of the table, we began the or nine years elapsed the Duke of Clarence rose battle.

to be king, under the name of William IV. and "First question by Mr. Canning. Does what then what was Denman's fate? Was he snubbed you have thought of belong to the vegetable or on all occasions, by Power and its minions-cross-animal kingdom?'

ed in his professional prospects-cut off from all

hope of preferment? Here, where the Spoils system is now the law to both parties, he would probably have been so, unless FEAR had tied the tongues

Answer. To the vegetable.'

2. 'Is it manufactured, or unmanufactured?" Manufactured.'

3. 'Is it a solid or a liquid?'

'A solid.'

merely Privateering, but ALL PRIVATE WAR UPON

(How could it be a liquid,' said one of the THE OCEAN in other words, that no public ship of

company slyly, 'unless vegetable soup ?")

4. Is it a thing entire in itself, or in parts?' 'Entire.'

5. Is it for private use, or public?' 'Public?'

6. Does it exist in England, or out of it?' 'In England.'

7. 'Is it single, or are there others of the same ty: earning the present and future gratitude of kind?'

'Single.'

8. Is it historical, or only existent now?' 'Both.'

9. For ornament, or use?'

'Both.'

mankind by the most signal triumph in modern times, of civilization over barbarism, still left in the code of nations, as long as the rapacious and bloody system of Privateering has the sanction of that code."

One more topic, and if we can break away from

10. Has it any connexion with the person of the book, we will lay it aside. the King?' 'No.'"

We omit the other ten questions, some of which were objected to, as too particular-for instance, "What is its shape ?" as that would have disclosed the secret too broadly.

We spoke of possibly showing, that Lord Castlereagh was a personage of whom, as of Pitt, history had left doubtful impressions. To us, she has been peculiarly double-tongued in relation to Lord Castlereagh. He has been a deeply wronged man, both in Ireland and in America, if Mr. Rush is not a "The whole number of questions being now ex-gross deceiver: and we are obliged to confess our hausted, there was a dead pause. The interest fear that we must be classed among his grievous had gone on increasing as the game advanced, wrong-doers. We have taken his character on the until, coming to the last question, it grew to be word of Moore, and our own newspapers; and do like neck and neck at the close of a race. Mr. not remember ever to have read or heard one word Canning was evidently under concern lest he should in his praise, until we met with this work of Mr. be foiled, as by the law of the game he would Rush. Let us now quote but one out of many pashave been, if he had not now solved the enigma. He sat silent for a minute or two; then, rolling his rich eye about, and with a countenance a little anxious, and in an accent by no means over-confident, he exclaimed, "I think it must be the wand of the Lord High Steward!" And it was EVEN So.

sages, in which he, (we may say,) proves the Marquis of Londonderry-for so he was, at his death— to have been a very different sort of man from the monster and dunce that the aforesaid authorities had represented him to be.

"His death created a great shock. As a states"This wand is a long, plain, white staff, not man moving largely in English and European afmuch thicker than your middle finger; and, as such, fairs during the momentous transactions before and justifies all the answers given." The game "lasted after the overthrow of Napoleon, and influencing upwards of an hour, the wine ceasing to go round. decidedly some of them, History has already passed On Mr. Canning's success, there was a burst of upon his character. But as regards that portion of approbation; we of the diplomattic corps saying English statesmanship which has to deal with we must be very careful not to let him ask us too many questions at the Foreign office, lest he should find out all our secrets." Mr. C. was then Secretary for Foreign Affairs, as successor to Lord Castlereagh, who had committed suicide the year before-1822.

American affairs, I must appeal to the preceding pages to attest the candid and liberal spirit in which he was ever disposed to view them. Let those who would doubt it, consult the archives of the two nations since the end of our revolutionary war, and point out the British statesman who made more advances, or did more in fact, towards placing their relations upon an amicable footing. I even hazard the opinion, that had he not left England to attend the Congress at Aix la Chapelle în 1818, he would have settled with the U. S., in the negotiation then pending, the question of impressment. His sentiments were all of a lofty kind. His private life American pride-a little prone to excess, we was pure, and all who knew him in those relations grant-may justly glow at one fact which Mr. loved him. In society, he was attractive in the R. states in connexion with his negotiations: that highest degree; his firmness and courage being not he was authorized and directed by President Mon- more remarkable than the gentleness and suavity roe to propose to Great Britain "to abolish not of his manners. He was buried in Westminster

Mr. Rush adds other particulars of this pleasant pastime, which it is a pity to omit. But room is wanting. Would we had been there! We should have rubbed our hands with delight, and exclaimed, as Hostess Quickly did at the frolic play of Falstaff and Prince Hal, "This is excellent sport, i' faith!"

XI.

"Perched far above, the elfin fay
Afar off scents the coming day;
With whistle shrill, he summons all-
And all, in haste, obey the call;

Chatt'ring, clatt'ring,
Now they're scatt'ring,
Scampering from the banquet hall.

XII.

"Their work performed, their office o'er,
The little shoots are trees no more:
Their buds depart, their leaves are gone,
Their fruit has vanished with the dawn.
Rash mortal, now

Forever vow,

Thou'lt never treat them more with scorn."

A. W.

SOME OF LORD COKE'S FOOLERIES.

were in ancient time 12 counsellors of Stale. He that wageth his law must have eleven others with him, which thinke hee sayes true. And that number of twelve is much respected in holy writ, as 12 apostles, 12 stones, 12 tribes," &c. [Mr. Hargrave's note on this passage, however, cites divers cases in which fewer than twelve jurors, and divers in which more, are required; shewing that it is not always "the law delighteth herself in the number of twelve."]

Of such reasons as my Lord Coke gives for twelve, many more might be alleged in favor of SEVEN. There were seven Wise men-seven wonders of the world-seven sleepers-seven stars-seven folds to the shield of Ajax-seven cities that claimed to be Homer's birthplace-seven cities of the plain, [in Genesis,]-seven Kings also-seven lean, and seven fat kine of Pharaoh-as many years of plenty, and of scarcity--seven branches to the golden candlestick, in Revelations-seven seals to the awful book-seven lamps before the Throne," which are the seven spirits of God"--and the seventh son of a seventh son is a doctor, born. In short, SEVEN is preeminently the mystic number.

In cases of mere money or property-suits between man and man-the common-sense preferaSeneca says, "there is no greater enemy of Truth, bleness of seven to twelve is yet more clear than than over much subtilty of speculation." In our own its mystical superiority. If the unwise rule of time, Sir Richard Vyogan is among the most con- unanimity in such cases is to be still adhered to, spicuous instances: but commend me to my Lord the smaller number can more easily be unanimous Coke, as one of the greatest "darkeners of know-than the greater; and five farmers or merchants ledge" that England's earlier generation of clas- will have been left to attend to their own affairs, sics can show. He had not the Germanic sort of instead of being confined, perhaps long and painmysticism that Carlyle and his imitators have tried fully, in a jury-box or jury-room. to naturalize in Britain. Coke deals in conceitsthe gambols of a strong, heavy, clumsy mind, that remind one of an elephant's dancing, or of a don-any time, to the amount of a million. Congress key trying to frisk like a lap-dog.

Littleton having said [§ 234] that "the name Assise is nomen æquivocum," Lord Coke thus annotates-we use his italics:

But why require them to be unanimous? The Legislature, by a bare majority, can tax us at

freedom, and slavery. Four judges in that Court lately decided a case involving nearly seven hundred thousand dollars: and though they happened to agree, yet if one had dissented, a majori

can declare war, and has repeatedly passed the most momentous laws by a majority of one, or a very few. Five out of nine judges of the Supreme Court at Washington, settle rights to principalities-questions of life and death-of freedom and Equivocum. For the better understanding bondage. Three out of five judges of the Virhereof, of these there bee two kinds, viz: æquivo-ginia Court of Appeals do the like about property, cum, æquivocans, and æquivocum æquivocatum. "Equivocum æquivocans est plurivocum, polysemus, a word of divers severall significations. Equivocum æquivocatum est univocum, that is to say, reduced to a certaine signification," &c., &c. Just after, is his twaddling defence of the num-ty would have given the judgment. Our Reber TWELVE, as best for a jury. The manifold inconveniences of hung-juries-of wasting the time of a dozen men with what five or seven would do better-of compelling so many minds, on pain of imprisonment for days, to think alike upon the most questionable matters-are all disposed of by Lord

Coke thus:

ports are full of such majority-judgments. In these cases too, not only the rights of the actual parties are settled, but the rights of all parties similarly situated, through all time. The decision is a rule-a law-for the future, for ever; unless altered by the Legislature, or reconsidered and reversed by the Court itself.

To talk, then, about the importance of a jury's "The law in this case delighteth herself in the unanimity, in a dispute about property or money to number of 12; for there must not only be 12 jurors the amount of a hundred, or a thousand dollars;—and for the tryall of matters of fact, but 12 judges of ancient time for tryall of matters of law in the Exche-about the dissatisfaction of parties if a bare maquer Chamber. Also for matters of State there'jority gave the verdict,-is twaddle, sillier even