Olearon, niveamque Paron, sparsasque per aequor
Cycladas, et crebris legimus freta concita terris.
Nauticus exoritur vario certamine clamor;
Hortantur socii, Cretam proavosque petamus.
Prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntes,

130 Et tandem antiquis Curetum allabimur oris.

' Ergo avidus muros optatae molior urbis,
Pergameamque voco ; et laetam cognomine gentem
Hortor amare focos, arcemque attollere tectis.
Jamque fere sicco subductae litore puppes;

135
Connubiis arvisque novis operata juventus;
Jura domosque dabam : subito quum tabida membris,
Corrupto coeli tractu, miserandaque venit
Arboribusque satisque lues, et letifer annus.
Linquebant dulces animas, aut aegra trahebant 140
Corpora : tum steriles exurere Sirius agros ;
Arebant herbae, et victum seges aegra negabat.
Rursus ad oraclum Ortygiae, Phoebumque, remenso
Hortatur pater ire mari, veniamque precari :
Quam fessis finem rebus ferat; unde laborum 145
Tentare auxilium jubeat ; quo vertere cursus.
“Nox erat,

terris animalia somnus habebat :
Effigies sacrae divům, Phrygiique Penates,
Quos mecum a Troja, mediisque ex ignibus urbis,
Extuleram, visi ante oculos astare jacentis

150
Insomnis, multo manifesti lumine, qua se
Plena per insertas fundebat luna fenestras.
Tum sic affari, et curas his demere dictis :-

126. Niream, on account of its marble.—127. Crebris terris, alluding to the islands, thickly studding those seas.—129. Hortantur ut petamus. See Zumpt, § 624.

133. Cognomine awakens the idea of communi nomine antiquae novaeque patriae.---134. Hortor, with the infinitive amare, a poetic construction, at least in Virgil's time. See Zumpt, § 616. Tectis. For, to protect. Dativus commodi.-135. Subductae. See verse 71.-136. Connubiis. See A. 1, 73.—137. The other operations were over, and Aeneas was engaged in legislation, dabam. See a similar expression in A. 1, 507.—144. Veniam, welcome :' cf. A. 1, 519.-145. Fessis = afflictis in prose. Ferat, precari ut dicat.

150. Visi, sc. sunt mihi. 151. Insomnis. As I lay, unable, from anxiety, to sleep. This seems required by verse 173. Others, however, read in somnis, and suppose nec por illud erat to mean, "Nor was that the empty pageant of a mere dream-sleep ; it was a real vision.152. Insertas (in pariete) fenestras, “loopholes.'—153. Affari does not

“Quod tibi, delato Ortygiam, dicturus Apollo est,
Hic canit, et tua nos, en ! ultro ad limina mittit.

155
Nos te, Dardania incensa, tuaque arma secuti ;
Nos tumidum sub te permensi classibus aequor ;
Idem venturos tollemus in astra nepotes,
Imperiumque urbi dabimus. Tu moenia magnis
Magna para, longumque fugae ne linque laborem. 160
Mutandae sedes. Non haec tibi litora suasit
Delius, aut Cretae jussit considere, Apollo.
Est locus-Hesperiam Graii cognomine dicunt-
Terra antiqua, potens armis, atque ubere glebae :
Oenotri coluere viri : nunc fama, minores

165
Italiam dixisse, ducis de nomine, gentem,
Hae nobis propriae sedes : hinc Dardanus ortus,
Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum.
Surge age, et haec laetus longaevo dicta parenti
Haud dubitanda refer; Corythum terrasque requirat
Ausonias. Dictaea negat tibi Jupiter arva.” 171

“Talibus attonitus visis, ac voce deorum-
Nec sopor illud erat; sed coram agnoscere vultus,
Velatasque comas, praesentiaque ora videbar;
Tum gelidus toto manabat corpore sudor-

175
Corripio e stratis corpus, tendoque supinas
Ad coelum cum voce manus, et munera libo
Intemerata focis. Perfecto laetus honore,
Anchisen facio certum, remque ordine pando.
Agnovit prolem ambiguam, geminosque parentes; 180
Seque novo veterum deceptum errore locorum.

a

6

6

seem to be governed by visi, but to be the historic infinitive. 157. Sub te, under thy guidance.' — 159, 160. Mark the emphasis derived from the juxtaposition of magnis magna.-162. Cretae. The prose construction would be in Creta.-163-166. See A. 1, 530-533.— 168. Iasius was, according to some traditions, brother of Dardanus, and son of Jupiter or Corythus, a Tuscan prince. Driven from their native country, Etruria, Dardanus emigrated to Troy, and Iasius to Samothrace.-171. Dictaea Creticu.

173. See verse 15).--174. Velatas, sc. vitiis : cf. A. 2, 168.--176. Supia nas. It was the custom to offer to the Di superi prayers with the palms upwards, to the Di inferi with the palms downwards (pronas). -178. Intemerata munera, of wine unmixed with water '--merum honore = sacrificio.--180. Prolem ambiguam. Referring to Teucrus as one ancestor from Crete, and Dardanus another from Italy. See verse 108, &c.—181. Novo veterum. This antithesis marks that the length of time since these places had been inhabited by the founders of the

Tum memorat :-"Nate, Iliacis exercite fatis,
Sola mihi tales casus Cassandra canebat.
Nunc repeto, haec generi portendere debita nostro,
Et saepe Hesperiam, saepe Itala regna vocare. 185
Sed quis ad Hesperiae venturos litora Teucros
Crederet ? aut quem tum vates Cassandra moveret ?
Cedamus Phoebo, et moniti meliora sequamur.”
Sic ait ; et cuncti dicto paremus ovantes.
Hanc quoque deserimus sedem, paucisque relictis 190
Vela damus, vastumque cava trabe currimus aequor.

‘Postquam altum tenuere rates, nec jam amplius ullae
Apparent terrae, coelum undique et undique pontus;
Tum mihi caeruleus supra caput astitit imber,
Noctem hiememque ferens, et inhorruit unda tenebris.
Continuo venti volvunt mare, magnaque surgunt 196
Aequora : dispersi jactamur gurgite vasto.
Involvere diem nimbi, et nox humida coelum
Abstulit; ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes.
Excutimur cursu, et caecis erramus in undis. 200
Ipse diem noctemque negat discernere coelo,
Nec meminisse viae media Palinurus in unda.
Tres adeo incertos caeca caligine soles
Erramus pelago, totidem sine sidere noctes.
Quarto terra die primum se attollere tandem 205
Visa, aperire procul montes, ac volvere fumum.
Vela cadunt; remis insurgimus ; haud mora, nautae
Annixi torquent spumas, et caerula verrunt.
Servatum ex undis, Strophadum me litora primum

Trojan race had led to the mistake of a later day (novo).—183. Cassandra. See A. 2, 246.-184. Repeto portendere. Two things are to be noticed here--the omission of eam, the subject to the infinitive, which is poetic (see A. 2, 25), and portendere for portendisse. See Ed. 1, 17. Debita, what must inevitably happen.—190-288. Account of the Fifth Year.—190. Relictis. In Virgil's time, there was still a town called Pergamum.--191. Trabe cava = navi.

199. Ingeminant ignes, the lightnings rend the clouds.'201. Negat, sc. se.—

-202. Nec arises from negat, dicit non.–207. Cadunt demittuntur. Remis insurgimus : remis insurgere is said of rowers who, by pulling with all their might, start from the seat at each stroke of the oar.- -208. Caerula = mare.—209. Strophades, now Strofadia and Strivali, two small islands between the Peloponnesus and Zante (Zacynthos). These islands were so called from otgépw, 'I turn return;' the sons of Boreas having pursued the Harpies as far as these islands, returned at Jupiter's command: they were formerly

or

Accipiunt: Strophades Graio stant nomine dictae 210
Insulae Ionio in magno, quas dira Celaeno,
Harpyiaeque colunt aliae, Phinesa postquam
Clausa domus, mensasque metu liquere priores.
Tristius haud illis monstrum, nec saevior ulla
Pestis et ira deûm Stygiis sese extulit undis. 215
Virginei volucrum vultus, foedissima ventris
Proluvies, uncaeque manus, et pallida semper
Ora fame.

* Huc ubi delati portus intravimus ; ecce !
Laeta boum passim campis armenta videmus,

220
Caprigenumque pecus, nullo custode, per herbas.
Irruimus ferro, et divos ipsumque vocamus
In partem praedamque Jovem. Tum litore curvo
Exstruimusque toros, dapibusque epulamur opimis.
At subitae, horrifico lapsu de montibus adsunt 225
Harpyiae, et magnis quatiunt clangoribus alas,
Diripiuntque dapes, contactuque omnia foedant
Immundo; tum vox tetrum dira inter odorem.
Rursum in secessu longo, sub rupe cavata,
Arboribus clausi circum, atque horrentibus umbris, 230
Instruimus mensas, arisque reponimus ignem:
Rursum, ex diverso coeli, caecisque latebris,
Turba sonans praedam pedibus circumvolat uncis ;
Polluit ore dapes. Sociis tunc, arma capessant,
Edico, et dira bellum cum gente gerendum.

235
Haud secus ac jussi faciunt, tectosque per herbam
Disponunt enses, et scuta latentia condunt.
Ergo, ubi delapsae sonitum per curva dedere
Litora, dat signum specula Misenus ab alta
Aere cavo: invadunt socii, et nova proelia tentant, 240
Obscoenas pelagi ferro foedare volucres.

called Plotae (IIawroei).-211. Insulae ; ae unelided, and made short, according to the Greek usage. In their flight, Jupiter permitted the Harpies to halt at the Strophades, and dwell there.—212. Harpyiac ; pronounce as in the Greek, in three syllables. — 213. Metu, of the Argonauts who expelled them from the house of Phineus.

223. Partem praedamque, equivalent to partem praedae.-231. Aris. To the gods were offered during the repast the pars praedae vowed to them.—232. Diverso, used substantively for diversa parte. — 234. Ut capessant.--236. Haud secus ciunt ac jussi (erant facere).-239. Misenus was the trumpeter of Aeneas (see A. 6, 162), hence aere for aerea tuba. -241. Foedare, used as a substantive in apposition with proelia. See

Sed neque vim plumis ullam, nec vulnera tergo
Accipiunt ; celerique fuga sub sidera lapsae,
Semiesam praedam et vestigia foeda relinquunt.
Una in praecelsa consedit rupe Celaeno,

245 Infelix vates, rumpitque hanc pectore vocem :

Bellum etiam pro caede boum, stratisque juvencis,
Laomedontiadae, bellumne inferre paratis,
Et patrio Harpyias insontes pellere regno ?
Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta. 250
Quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo
Praedixit, vobis Furiarum ego maxima pando.
Italiam cursu petitis ; ventisque vocatis
Ibitis Italiam, portusque intrare licebit.
Sed non ante datam cingetis moenibus urbem, 255
Quam vos dira fames, nostraeque injuria caedis,
Ambesas subigat malis absumere mensas.”

‘Dixit; et in silvam pennis ablata refugit.
At sociis subita gelidus formidine sanguis
Deriguit: cecidere animi; nec jam amplius armis, 260
Sed votis precibusque jubent exposcere pacem,
Sive deae, seu sint dirae obscoenaeque volucres.
Et pater Anchises, pasșis de litore palmis,
Numina magna vocat, meritosque indicit honores :-
“Di, prohibete minas: di, talem avertite casum, 265
Et placidi servate pios.” Tum litore funem
Deripere, excussosque jubet laxare rudentes.

Tendunt vela Noti: fugimus spumantibus undis,
Qua cursum ventusque gubernatorque vocabant.
Jam medio apparet fluctu nemorosa Zacynthos, 270
Dulichiumque Sameque, et Neritos ardua saxis.
Effugimus scopulos Ithacae, Laërtia regna,
Et terram altricem saevi exsecramur Ulixi.

6

G, 4, 554, where the infinitives in apposition with monstrum furnish an excellent illustration of the nature of the infinitive as the substantive form of the verb.

252. Furiarum. The Furies and the Harpies are here confounded. - 253. Vocatis invocatis. -- 254. Italiam. The prose construction would require in or ad.—257. Mālis, from māla. For the fulfilment of this prophecy, see A. 7, 116, &c.

263. Passis, from pando.-264. Indicit honores (iis reddendos), 'orders sacrifices.–266. Funem, for funes, properly called retinacula, hawsers,' for the fastening of vessels to the shore.--267. That is, 'to let go the moorings.'

L