Pentateuch, and on Egyptian Words in the Pentateuch-both scholarly and satisfactory articles.

The plan of the work is simple and sufficient; and in this volume it is exceedingly well carried out. All extraneous matter is rigidly excluded. It is on a line with the most approved and recent scholarship, but there is no parade of learning. There is enough for the common reader; in the Essays there is a great deal more, but it will not trouble the unlearned. The object is to get in the shortest way at the meaning of the text, to correct it when necessary, to explain what is doubtful and difficult, and to defend against objections. All the contributors thus far work in the same spirit. And they have produced a very satisfactory volume, one which will speedily secure a large amount of public confidence.

It is highly conservative in its tone; it avoids theorising and constructions: but at the same time it is candid. Chronological, historical, and geographical difficulties are fairly met. A great deal of learning is compressed into the

notes.

At some future time we shall recur to it more fully. The commentaries on the historical and poetical books are promised within a twelvemonth. The whole work will be in eight volumes.

Commentary on the New Testament, intended for Popular Use. By D. D. WHEDON, LL.D. Vol. III. ACTS-ROMANS. 1871. pp. 402. In these days of prolix commentaries it is pleasant to read one that is concise and to the point-even though you may not be able to agree with all that is in it. Dr. Whedon has this valuable attribute of a popular commentator. He has definite views of the right interpretation, and he gives them. Difficulties and erroneous interpretations are disposed of in the same condensed style. Dr. Whedon is a decided Arminian in theology, and, like most Arminians, he sees only evil in Calvinism, and that continually. For example, p. 351, he says, that" to take an innocent nature, such as man is before he is decreed a sinner, and decretively smear sin upon him as a ground of justly damning him to an eternal hell, is as mean and mendacious as it is despotic." We had hoped that such caricatures of Calvinism were getting out of date. Besides, in what essential point is the Calvinistic liable to greater objections than Dr. Whedon's own view of the moral state of all Adam's descendants, as thus expressed: "Adam, separated by sin from the Holy Spirit, was a naturally disposed sinner, and, shut from the tree of life, a natural mortal: and so by the law of descent his posterity are naturally disposed sinners, and both naturally and penally mortal."

A Smaller Scripture History. In Three Parts: Old Testament History; Connection of Old and New Testaments; New Testament History to A. D. 70. Edited by WM. SMITH, D.C L., LL.D. Illustrated by Engravings on wood. 16mo. Harpers. Dr. Smith's two larger works on the Old and New Testaments are here condensed and simplified for beginners. Critical and theological discussions are avoided. It is a very useful and careful summary for Bible classes and schools.

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

History of the State of New York. Vol. II. By JOHN ROMEYN BRODHEAD. 8vo. Harpers. After a long delay, the second volume of Mr. Brodhead's able and thorough "History of the State of New York" has been published. The accomplished author says: "Descended from an English officer who helped his king to conquer Dutch New Netherland, as well as from a colonial Hollander who stood up manfully for his Republican Fatherland, I feel no partiality in telling the history of the greatest European plantation in America." No man in our State is better fitted, by his talents and thorough study of the subject, for this great and honorable task. It is a book of sound historical learning, skillfully worked up and exceedingly well arranged. He has made use of all available sources on the important points; the work contains ample and minute

references to the authorities and sources. For the period which it traverses, no other history of the State can be compared with it in its thorough examination and mastery of the materials. It is likewise animated by an evident purpose to be truthful and impartial; so that even where we may differ from the author's estimate of men and measures, we are compelled to review our own judgments.

This volume extends from 1664 to 1691; the chapters down to 1702 (the accession of Queen Anne to the English throne), already written, are postponed to another volume. This one concludes with a careful summing up of the noted history of Jacob Leisler, concerning whom opinions have so greatly differed. Mr. Brodhead says: "A German, and not a Dutchman, he has been generally held up as a champion of Dutch democracy against English aristocracy; of colonial liberty as opposed to the rule of the mother country; and of Protestantism against Romanism. His official career negatives these theories. His conduct proved him to be more a tyrant than a democrat, and as bitter an enemy of unquestionable Protestants as he was of avowed Roman Catholics. It was the selfish attempt of an upstart demagogue to obtain a local importance, which neither his own character nor the circumstances of the province warranted." His "assumption of provincial power did not benefit the English revolution." "The execu tion of Leisler and Milborne, although perfectly lawful, was nevertheless a great political mistake. It at once made them martyrs instead of convicts, and gave rise to popular divisions which, for a long time, injured the province."

This is a fair specimen of the clear and definite judgment which pervades the volume. With no attempt at ambitious theories, or at writing for ef fect, it is simple and lucid in narrative, and careful in its statements and conclusions. It will increase the author's high reputation as a historian.

The Life and Times of HENRY, LORD BROUGHAM. Written by Himself. In three volumes. Vols. I. II. Harper & Brothers. This Autobiography will add to our knowledge about Lord Brougham, but not to his reputation. He prohibited his executor from making any changes in the manuscript, except as to mistakes about dates and proper names, and the injunction seems to have been faithfully followed. Parts of it are written in a careless style, at times in defiance of syntax. Some of the profuse egotism, and the almost petulant accounts of men and measures, ought to have been modified. There are also strange lapses of memory: the tale Memnon, in Ch. 2, which he gives as a specimen of his precocious powers, turns out to be a translation from Voltaire: his ghost stories are wonderfully like some others on record. He claims for himself an inordinate share in the great measures in which he was engaged.

Yet the volumes are full of interest. The account of his early Scotch training, and of the notabilities of the times; of his literary ventures and political struggles; of the Orders in Council; of Queen Caroline's Trial, and many other noted events, are valuable and instructive. It is always engrossing to hear a great man talk about other great men, and of the acts and scenes in which they bore a part together.

The History of Frederick the Second, called Frederick the Great. By JOHN S. C. ABBOTT. Illustrated. 8vo. Harpers. The marvelous career of "Old Fritz" is reproduced in this interesting volume. with Mr. Abbott's well-proved skill in historical narrative. Carlyle's great work is epitomized and popularized. While it does not lay claim to the merits of original investigation of the sources, it gives all the facts, in an animated style, with suitable reflec tions. The harsh, almost inhuman traits of Frederick's character are not suppressed; his wonderful military genius and administrative capacity are fully eulogized. The volume is brought out by the Harpers in elegant style, and it may well count upon a wide popularity.

The Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson: compiled from Family Letters and Reminiscences, by his Great-Granddaughter, SARAH N. RANDOLPH. With Illustrations. 8vo. Harpers. The character of Jefferson is presented in its most favorable aspects in this attractive volume. He is described as a man rather than as a statesman. Randall's full biography of course gives a more comprensive view of his whole life and its conflicts; but in the present affectionate tribute there are many new facts and details, and many letters too, which bring out more fully the fascinating traits of his person and life. His simple, republican tastes, his high courtesy and admirable social qualities, his philanthropy and generous sympathies, his wide range of study and his unwearied activity to the very close of his life, are so well depicted that the attention of the reader is fixed to the close. "The edges of the granite obelisk over Jefferson's grave have been chipped away until it now stands a misshapen column," but this monument of affectionate reverence and gratitude will long abide.

SCIENCE AND EDUCATION, ETC.

A Copious and Critical English-Latin Dictionary. Compiled from Original Sources. By Wм SMITH, D.C.L., LL.D, Editor of the Classical Dictionaries, etc.; and THEOPHILUS D. HALL, M.A., Fellow of University College, London. To which is added a Dictionary of Proper Names. 8vo. An English-Greek Lexicon. By C. D. YONGE, With Many New Articles, an Appendix of Proper Names, and PILLON'S Greek Synonyms. To which is prefixed an Essay on the Order of Words in Attic Greek Prose, by CHARLES SHORT, LL.D.. Professor of Latin in Columbia College. Edited by HENRY DRISLER, LL.D., Professor of Greek in Columbia College. Harper & Bros.

These two large Dictionaries are the fruit of years of scholarly investigation, and are brought out by the publishers in solid and finished style. Both are altogether superior to previous English works of the same class. Dr. Drisler's part of the work, of course, is thorough; the introductory essay by Professor Short, on Attic Greek Prose," is admirably done, and a most valuable addition to the Dictionary; while the appended collection of " Greek Synonyms" from Pillon will be found very useful, not only in the writing of Greek, but also in the study of the language; though many of the classified words can be called synonyms only in a very general sense. Dr. Smith's English-Latin Dictionary is the result of fifteen years of labor. It is not a mere revision of older lexicons, but substantially a new work, partly in its vocabulary, and still more in its arrangement of words as to their shades of meaning, and its exact references to Latin authors. It includes, to a fair extent, ecclesiastical (mediæval) Latin, and thus is of more value to the theologian.

These are eminently works fit to be published. No student can afford to be without them.

Livy, Literally Translated. The History of Rome by Titus Livius. Books I-XXX Literally Translated, with Notes and Illustrations, by D. SPILLAN and CYRUS EDMONDS. 2 vols., 12mo. This work forms the 23d and 24th vols. of Harper's New Classical Library. As a version of Livy it is more faithful and literal than that of Baker, in common use. The text followed is that of Oxford, edited by Travers Twiss, whose epitome of Niebuhr's History of Rome is here constantly referred to. The version is more literal than elegant: but it is well adapted for use.

Eldredge & Brother, Philadelphia, have brought out a new and careful edition of CICERO De Senectate and De Amicitia, by Prof. E P. CROWELL, and H. B. RICHARDSON, Instructor, both of Amherst College, Mass The text is that of Baiter in the Tauchnitz series, compared with Orelli's, Zurich, 1861. The notes are well adapted to the wants of students, concise and to the point.

The Student's Elements of Geology. By SIR CHARLES LYELL, Bart., F.R.S. With more than 600 illustrations. 12mo. pp. 600. Harper & Bros. This work is substantially the seventh edition of the author's Elements of Geology, though re-written and modified, leaving out some of the theoretical discussions so fully argued in the tenth edition of his Principles of Geology, published in 1868. It is a very compressed and convenient manual, amply illustrated, of all the ascertained facts in the science of Geology. The beginner will, of course, find a difficulty from its very completeness; for, as Sir Charles Lyell says, "it is only the adept, who has already overcome the first steps of an observer, and is familiar with many of the technical terms, who can profit by a brief and concise manual." It is a clear and well arranged exposition, such as only a master of the science could give.

GENERAL LITERATURE.

Robert Carter & Brothers new publications. In addition to the admirable work of Dr. Arnot on "The Parables of our Lord." referred to elsewhere, we have received the following fresh issues from this eminent house:

The House in Town. A Sequel to " Opportunities." By the Author of the "Wide Wide World." 16mo. pp. 424. Nature's Wonders. By RICHArd NewTON, D.D. 16mo, pp. 335. Jessie's Parrot and Lily Norris' Enemy. Both by JOANNA H. MATTHEWS. 12mo. pp. 240, 245. The Rift in the Clouds. By the Author of "Memorials of Captain Hedley Vicars." pp. 106. French Bessie. By P. E. S. pp. 180. Shall We Know One Another ? and Other Papers. By Rev. J. C. RYLE. Third edition. A very neat and convenient one.

All of these works are by writers who have achieved a good reputation in their several departments, and are great favorites with thousands of readers. A new book by MISS WARNER will be a welcome in many households. Her busy pen will soon produce, through the same publishers, Trading, a sequel to the present volume. Dr. Newton, in our judgment. has no superior as a writer of Sunday-School books. Miss Matthews has taken high rank on the same field. The two volumes named above belong to the "Little Sunbeams" series, and the other two small volumes to the "Fireside Library" series. Both are worthy of the pens which have given them to the public. Give us more of the class of books to which these belong, and we may hope in time to supersede the trash which has for years constituted the staple of our Sundayschool and juvenile literature. The last work named above is a gem of a book. Castilian Days. By JOHN HAY. James R. Osgood & Co. 12mo. pp. 414. Atlantic Essays. By THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON. Same publishers, 12mo. pp. 341. The contents of the latter volume are familiar to the readers of the Atlantic Monthly. They appeared as essays in that journal from time to time during the last ten or twelve years. Col. Higginson is an able writer, and many will be glad to get these papers in this compact and permanent form. The other volume is a timely and highly interesting one. The events of the last few years have served to draw the attention of the civilized world to Spain in an unusual degree. Mr. Hay has enjoyed good opportunities to gain an insight into the present condition of affairs, and he has made good use of them. The papers comprised in the volume were written in Madrid in the spring of last year. The politics of Spain have undergone important changes since that time. Still the author sees no reason for changing the views then expressed in regard to the general features of Spanish political life, its prospects and its needs. "There are those who think the Spaniards are not fit for freedom. I believe that no people are fit for anything else."

John Jerningham's Journal. Scribner & Co. Small 4to, pp. 139. A companion volume to Mrs. Jerningham's Journal." The moral of this story is good enough, and the story itself is not without interest; but as to the poetry we fail to discover any merit at all in it-indeed it is only a jingle of words; there is no real poetry in it.

ART. XII. THEOLOGICAL AND LITERARY
INTELLIGENCE.

GERMANY.

Theologische Studien und Kritiken. Parts III. IV. 1871. Riehm, the Cherubim in the Ark of the Covenant, and in the Temple. Heinrichsen, the Relation of the Jews to Alexander the Great. Leimbach, Tertullian's View of the Sacraments. Röhricht, the Doctrine of the Logos in John. Oppert, on Cedorlaomor. Schlottmann, The Moabite Inscription. Beyschlag, Paul's Opponents in 2 Cor. Reviews, Miscellany.

Zeitschrift f. d. historische Theologie. Edited by Dr. Kahnis. Parts III, IV. Krummel, the Utraquists and Taborites; the Bohemian Reform in the Fifteenth Century-2 articles concluding this elaborate historical monograph. Roenneke, Extracts from the Decrees of the Diocesan Council at Pistoria in 1786. Leimbach, Tertullian as an Authority in Christian Archæology. C. Michaelis. the Correspondence of Luther. Rönsch, Lactantius and the Text of the Bible.

Von Sybel's Historische Zeitschrift. Bd. 13, 1871. Opel, German Popular Songs. E Zeller, Life of Schleiermacher; First Part-skillfully portrayed. Adalbert Horowitz, National Historians in the Sixteenth Century. Didolff, Germany in 870 and 1870, the Millennial Jubilee. Schæfer, the Catholic Propaganda during the Seven Years' War. Henke, French Women in the Time of the Reformation. O. Hartwig, Giovanni Villani. H. Ullman, English Mediation in 1521. Meyer, Recent Attempts at a Philosophy of History. Review of Historical Literature. Von Reumont, the Duke of Athens. The Vatican Council.

Zeitschrift f Philosophie und philosophische Kritik. Bde. 85, 86. 1871. The conclusion of Dr. W. Bender's essay on Schleiermacher's Speculative Doctrine respecting God. E. von Hartmann, on the Essential Idea of the Collective Mind (Spirit) as the fundamental conception in the Psychology of the Nations (Völkerpsychologie). Prof. Dr. Steinhart, two essays on the Platonic Writings-reviewing the work of Schaarschmidt-separating the genuine from the spurious dialogues: a careful study. Hermann Günther, the Idea of Right (Law). Review of recent philosophical works.

The number of philosophical works published in Germany the last two years is small; and there have been none of the first importance. One of the most interesting is Schelling's "Life in his Correspondence," three volumes. There are letters to and from Cousin, Windischmann, Göthe, Eschenmayer, his son Fritz, his son-in-law, G. Waitz, the historian, Becker, etc., etc. A third enlarged edition of Trendelenburg's "Logical Investigations "is to be published; the first volume is out, with important additions. The doctrine of Final Cause (Design), which was one of the ablest discussions on the subject, is defended against recent objections, Darwinism, etc. The author claims that those who deny final causes take them for granted; that the final cause really lurks in the "antecedents." He maintains, through all his work, that an internal design (purpose, end) runs through all nature, that it is found in the very nature of things. Brasch's essay on Spinoza's "System of Philosophy" is a useful summary, but does not add anything new to the criticism of Spinoza's theory. Zimmermann's "Life of Samuel Clarke," Vienna, is a valuable treatise-it contains a more complete view of Clarke's theories and a more just estimate of his position than any English work. Schulze on Fetishism," pp. 292, is a fair and creditable summary of those forms of religion which can be included under this term, defined as meaning-the Religious Veneration of Visible Objects-though this is a rather wide definition of it.