This imposing figure is due largely to the generosity of the deceased John Stewart Kennedy, who headed the list of the donors for that year, followed by Rockefeller and Carnegie in this order. Carnegie has devoted in all $180,000,000 to charity, of which $51,000,000 have gone to the establishment of 1800 libraries in about one thousand cities and towns. It is not so easy to determine the exact amount which Rockefeller has given, but it is known that he stands easily first among American financial benefactors.

The gifts under discussion may be classified as going for one or more of four distinct objects: (1) care for the dependent, (2) encouragement of scientific research, (3) the spread of religion and (4) education. Rockefeller has had a religious aim more often and more definitely in mind than has Carnegie. Thus, his final donation of $10,000,000 to the University of Chicago in cludes $1,500,000, which is to go to the erection and maintenance of a chapel in that institution.

But the common feature which distinguishes all the benefactions in question, and gives them nobility and significance, is that they are uniformly intelligent efforts to encourage wholesome activity on the part of the recipients. Consider Carnegie's well-known library plan. He will offer a community $25,000 or $50,000, or $100,000, for a building and books, if the community will raise an equal amount to maintain the new institution. The leading citizens contribute and encourage others to do so, committees and societies are formed to collect the necessary funds, united effort accomplishes the desired result, and the communities are strengthened by their participation in the new enterprise. A similar good result is coming from his system of pensioning profes

It is only just that these wornout teachers be assured a competence after their active labors are over, but the significant result for the country as a whole is that Mr. Carnegie has

made a great number of positions more attractive and is helping the profession to secure better men. An excellent feature of his setting up a standard which the favored institutions must measure up to is that many schools which do not fulfill the requirements are making an effort to improve, and that a raising of standards on the part of these colleges and universities is bringing with it an improvement in the preparatory schools which articulate with them. All this involves also a tendency toward unity in the very unlike and unequal systems of different states.

It is unnecessary to dwell in a Southern magazine on the wonderful stimulus to hundreds of Southern schools which the work of Rockefeller's General Education Board has proved. ExPresident Eliot has denominated the organization of the system of Southern schools which took place under this Board's encouragement, "the most considerable piece of constructive educational work which has thus far been done in the United States." And here, again, it was not Rockefeller's money alone or the Board's direction alone which did the work. In this movement the Southern States contributed $5,487,578 for new universities, and the new schools are their own in every sense.

A

The attaching of conditions to so many of these gifts and bequests has of course, aroused a storm of criticism. certain humorist dreamed that he died and went to the place of eternal torment. In his agony he called on a passing angel to favor him with two drops of water. "I do not think it would be wise for me to do that," replied the angel, "but if you can evolve one drop from your inner consciousness or some other source, I will give you another to match it." The humorist and serious critics to the contrary notwithstanding, the activity which these charities have called for and secured has been on the whole a blessing to the country.

Professor Smith gives most of his

space to a discussion of a few of these gigantic charities. May we not dwell a little more heavily than he does on the smaller gifts which humble citizens are making every day, and which prove that the average American is not a selfish materialist? The small tradesman who gave the savings of a lifetime to build the University of Cincinnati a library, is one of thousands whose dearest wish has been fulfilled in what was perhaps a sacrifice to help some small institution, church, school, library, or to give a small sum toward a larger enterprise. The United States is dotted with these monuments to the generosity and devotion of men with modest means. What other country can match them? It is the multitude of little colleges, and not the University of Chicago, which has made the American the best-in

as

formed man on the globe. It is the multitude of little churches, and not the million-dollar university chapel, which have made us the most genuinely religious of the leading nations, against a lukewarm and formalistic England and Germany, and a freethinking France. The visitor to another country will see much to admire and find much to learn, but he will recross the ocean more convinced than ever that this much-maligned native country is a very wholesome place for himself and his young children; and there is no question that her prosperity and progress are largely accounted for by the fact that her citizens, with all their unexampled individual initiative. and individual strength, are at heart, and by policy and habit, helpful and charitable.

IN

N previous issues of the Statesman, facts were published concerning the woman rescued from the Chicago Convent. We herewith present other facts, also an appeal which ought to reach the hearts of lovers of liberty. Miss Hattie Holmes, a Protestant girl of Michigan, twenty-three years ago was deceitfully induced to enter a Chicago Convent. A few months ago her sister secured her release and brought her to her home in Lansing. In a long personal interview, Miss Holmes told the writer that she was glad she was out of the Convent and nothing in the world would induce her to return. A few months ago she suddenly and mysteriously disappeared from the hotel where she was working. A personal investigation by the writer revealed the facts that a Catholic priest and Catholic

women had been with Miss Holmes and threatened her with horrible punishment, both temporal and eternal, if she did not return to the Convent. Shortly after Miss Holmes disappeared, a statement came to a Lansing paper, said to have been signed by Miss Holmes, to the effect that she was back in the Convent, was happy and wished to stay there.

Reader, in order that you may understand this statement, you should consider the following facts: Before Miss Holmes was released from the Convent the Mother Superior compelled her to sign a statement to the effect that she had always been happy in the Convent. Also other girls have testified in courts. that they were compelled to sign such statements before being allowed to leave. Now, to sum up this case in a

few words: The Convent in Chicago is a money-making cooperation and a prison, where hundreds of women and girls are held against their wills, worked like slaves and compelled to be Catholics. Hattie Holmes was thus held and treated for twenty-three years. When she was rescued, her hair was white and the best years of her life gone. Had she kept her mouth shut concerning the Convent, they might have allowed her to spend her remaining years in liberty. But she told her story and sued for damages, and in order to silence her tongue and prevent the damage suit, they treacherously got her back. She is there today, languishing behind high walls, barred windows and locked doors, in worse slavery than any colored man ever suffered prior to the Civil War. Her sister's heart is breaking, and she has appealed to me to help rescue her sister. Money is absolutely necessary, as her sister and other relatives are extremely poor. We are fully prepared to prove that Miss Holmes always was weak-minded, and that her twenty-three years of slavery there have only added to her men

tal weakness. The plan now is to secure the appointment of a guardian for her, secure her release and continue suit for damages. Able lawyers have been employed and witnesses are ready to testify. One thing only is lacking, viz: money. I am not physically able to go out personally and solicit money, hence I appeal to you through the Statesman. If a great many will send small contributions, we will win the greatest case against Rome's prisons ever won in America, and hasten the day when all such slaves shall be free. Please send contributions to Mrs. Carrie Barker, Evart, Michigan, Route 1. Mrs. Barker is Miss Holmes's sister, and a noble Christian woman, and every cent received will be legitimately used.

Reader, will you please respond to this appeal as soon as you read it? If you desire further information, write me or Rev. J. T. Le Gear, pastor First M. E. Church, Lansing, Michigan.

If this were your girl, how much money would you want me to contribute to get her out?

Yours for the freedom of Hattie Holmes.

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IAZ turned loose in time to save his life, but he did so not an hour too soon. The passions which his obstinancy had aroused were murderous, and another day would doubtless have brought a storming of his palace and the massacre of himself and his body-guard. The aged despot displayed deep feeling on quitting his office; and his farewell to his troops was pathetic. On his way to the coast, his party was attacked, either by brigands or insurrectos, but he succeeded in beating off his assailants. He is supposed to be going to Spain.

Madero, the leader of the insurrection, made his triumphal entry into Mexico City, where he was wildly acclaimed. A plot against his life was discovered, just in time; but it is altogether probable that others may be laid. In the meanwhile, it is significant that a report is in circulation that the Mexican railroads some 5,000 miles are to be relinquished to the

as bees fermenting dissatisfaction within, and organizing invasion, without.

At this writing (June 12) it appears to be certain that, before the month is out, an attempt will be made to restore the power of King and Pope. Bloody fighting is ahead.

IN China, the hitherto irresponsible

and despotic Grand Council has been converted into a ministry, responsible to the parliament. The cutting off of the pig-tails, seems to have had a fine effect on the Chinese heads. You will remember that Peter the Great commenced his modernizing of the Russians, by the compulsory shaving of their enormous beards. In many instances the hirsute barbarians stoutly defended their brushpiles and had to be forcibly shorn. In our own dear country, who has failed to note the effect of short hair on our women, and of long hair on our masculine bipeds?

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System. Did American railroad-money finance the Mexican revolution? If Madero should surrender the government roads to the Harriman lines he

will subject himself to a grave suspicion that he sold his country rather than saved it.

per cent., within the last five years. The causes are the same as those that have brought about such general contempt for law in this country. Vast increases in governmental expenditures, huge additions to the burdens of taxation, tariffs which double the cost of living-what could be the effect, if not to augment vice and crime? The ruling classes, throughout the world, are directly responsible for at least one half of all the miseries of the people,

and all the violations of moral and statute law. In our own land, the diabolical money-system and tariff-systems have sent untold millions of victims to their financial, physical and moral ruin. And the heartless men who demand and get those powers to control money and prices, know what the hideous consequences are bound to be to the victims of those two systems.

SIT

ITTING in a big arm-chair in the cozy study of his arch-episcopal residence in North Charles Street, Baltimore, Cardinal Gibbons talked of the dangers that are today menacing the civilization of America.

A timely topic, truly. The Cardinal is an old man, 77 years of age. He possesses unusual ability. He knows America well. Therefore, his enumeration of the evils which threaten our civilization deserve attention and thought.

Cardinal Gibbons mentions five of these dangers, towit: Mormonism, Divorce, Sabbath-breaking, Election frauds, the Delay of justice, and Secular public schools.

Cardinal Gibbons expresses no fear of the saloons, the white-slave traffic, the drug habit, the soft drink, or the class-legislation, which transfers to the few the property and the happiness of the many. That the head of the Roman Catholic hierarchy in America should have no word of rebuke to barkeepers, whose business business necessarily tends to nullify the good work of the church, the school, and the Christian. home, is something to recognize and deplore. That he should attach more blame to the delay of our courts than he does to the traffic in human flesh is amazing. That election frauds should assume in his mind, an evil prominence not occupied by child-slavery, sweatshop horrors, and the awful increase of poverty, vice and crime, is almost incredible. And his naming our public

schools as a menace to our civilization, in the same category with Mormonism, Divorce and Election frauds, ought at least to cause Protestants to redouble their vigilance and their determination to uphold and increase these secular schools.

To those who know how universal is the disregard of Sunday in Catholic countries, the Cardinal's reference to Sabbath-breaking will bring a smile.

Is it worse to play baseball on Sunday, in America, than it is to attend a brutal bull-fight on Sunday, in Mexico, South America, or Spain? Generally, those who break the Sabbath in Baltimore, Philadelphia, Chicago and New York, are men and women and children who have no other day for leisure and recreation. They have to labor all the week. Is it so very wicked for these sons and daughters of toil to spend Sundays in the parks, at the seaside or at a ball game? In this Protestant country, those who disregard the Sabbath are the minority; in Catholic countries, the majority.

If you have been a reader of this magazine some months, you will be able to recall my comment on the action of President Taft in jumping the Jesuit, White, over the head of his senior in service and his superior in ability, Harlan. I expressed the belief that the unprecedented action, in this instance, indicated that powerful interests were at work with a view to having a friendly Chief Justice presiding over the Supreme Court when the big trust cases should come up.

President Taft was reported as saying that he had not intended to make White the Chief Justice but had done so because of "tremendous pressure."

What was this "tremendous pressure?" Through whom was this "tremendous pressure" exerted?

The Jesuit was promoted over the head of his senior and superior, Har