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833. Victusque tuis Do, quod vis; et me, victusque volensque, remitto. precibus Sermonem Ausonii patrium moresque tenebunt : 835. Corpore Latini Utque est, nomen erit: commixti corpore tantùm populi Subsident Teucri: morem ritusque sacrorum Adjiciam faciamque omnes uno ore Latinos.

835

ortum hinc

838. Videbis genus Hinc genus, Ausonio mixtum quod sanguine surget,
Supra homines, supra ire Deos pietate videbis.
Nec gens ulla tuos æquè celebrabit honores.
Annuit his Juno, et mentem lætata retorsit.maçã
Intereà excedit cœlo, nubemque reliquit.

840

843. Genitor Deorum

ipse

His actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat : Juturnamque parat fratris dimittere ab armis 845. Dicuntur esse ge- Dicuntur geminæ pestes, cognomine Diræ ;

minæ

Quas, et Tartaream Nox intempesta Megæram,
Uno eodemque tulit partu; paribusque revinxit
Serpentum spiris, ventosasque addidit alas.
Hæ Jovis ad solium, sævique in limine regis
Apparent, acuuntque metum mortalibus ægris;

851. Morbusque ho- Si quando fetum horrificum morbosque Deum rex

minibus

Molitur, meritas aut bello territat urbes.

Harum unam celerem demisit ab æthere summo
Jupiter, inque omen Juturnæ occurrere jussit.
Illa volat, celerique ad terram turbine fertur,
Non secùs, ac nervo per nubem impulsa sagitta ;
Armatam sævi Parthus quam felle veneni,

NOTES.

833. Remitto me: I surrender myself I give myself up to your entreaties and your

tears.

834. Sermonem: in the sense of linguam. 836. Subsident: shall settle in Latium. Valpy says, "shall take the lower places." Heyne says, infimum locum occupent. Morem ritusque: in the sense of modos ceremoniasque religionis. This alludes to the introduction of the worship of the Penates and of Vesta into Italy, by Æneas. Heyne takes sacrorum in the sense of religionis.

837. Uno ore: of one language. The prep. è is understood. I will cause both nations to be incorporated under the general name of Latins, and to use one and the same language.

839. Ire supra Deos. This is a most extravagant compliment to the Cæsars, from the mouth of Jove. Ruæus says, superaré Deos, in which Heyne agrees. Davidson says, "exalted above gods."

840. Nec ulla gens. Juno was highly honored among the Romans, particularly by the women. A magnificent temple was built to her upon mount Aventinus, in which Scipio deposited her statue that he brought from Carthage.

841. Retorsit in the sense of convertit. Heyne says, inflexit vel mutavit.

845. Dira. The furies were three in number, Tisiphone, Megara, and Alecto. Two of them stand before the throne of Jove, to be the ministers of his vengeance

per

845

850

855

upon guilty men. Cognomine: in the sense of nomine.

846. Nox intempesta: dead, inactive night, unseasonable for business, and when there is nothing stirring. Ruæus says, profunda nox.

848. Ventosas alas: wings of the wind— swift as the wind.

849. Sævi regis. character of Jove. sumes, at times. is in wrath.

Savus is not the habitual It is only what he asThe meaning is: when he

850. Apparent: they appear. They give their attendance, as the ministers of his will. Acuunt: in the sense of excitant. gris. Ruæus says, miseris.

852. Meritas: deserving, or meriting punishment-guilty. Molitur: in the sense of parat.

854. In omen: for an omen, or portentous sign. Quasi portentum, says Ruæus.

856. Impulsa: in the sense of missa. Est is understood. Non secùs ac: no otherwise than—just so as—just as.

857. Felle sævi veneni: with the essence of strong poison. Valpy says, "with bitter poison." Davidson renders the words, "with the quintessence of malignant poi

son." Armatam: imbued-impregnated -tinged. It was usual with barbarous nations to dip the point of their arrows, and other missive weapons, into poison, in order to render their wounds incurable. The Parthians were celebrated archers. The

Parthus sive Cydon, telum immedicabile torsit;
Stridens, et celeres incognita transilit umbras.
Talis se sata Nocte tulit, terrasque petivit.

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858. Parthus, inquam, sive Cydon torsit tan860 quam immedicabile telum; illa stridens

865

870

Postquam acies videt Iliacas, atque agmina, Turni,
Alitis in parvæ subitò collecta figuram,
Quæ quondam in bustis, aut culminibus desertis
Nocte sedens, serùm canit importuna per umbras :
Hanc versa in faciem, Turni se pestis ad ora
Fertque refertque sonans, clypeumque everberat alis.
Illi membra novus solvit formidine torpor :-
Arrectæque horrore comæ, et vox faucibus hæsit.
At, procul ut Diræ stridorem agnovit et alas,
Infelix crines scindit Juturna solutos,
Unguibus ora soror fœdans, et pectora pugnis.
Quid nunc te tua, Turne, potest germana juvare?
Aut quid jam miseræ superat mihi? quâ tibi lucem
Arte morer? talin' possum me opponere monstro?
Jam jam linquo acies. Ne me terrete timentem,
Obscœnæ volucres: alarum verbera nosco,
Letalemque sonum: nec fallunt jussa superba
Magnanimi Jovis. Hæc pro virginitate reponit?re no
Quò vitam dedit æternam ? cur mortis adempta est
Conditio? Possem tantos finire dolores
Nunc certè, et misero fratri comes ire per umbras'
Immortalis ego! Aut quicquam mihi dulce meorum
Te sine, frater, erit! O quæ satìs ilta dehiscat

NOTES.

word Parthus, by the repetition of it, is made emphatic.

858. Immedicabile: inflicting an incurable wound. Cydon: an inhabitant of the city Cydon, or Cydonia, in Crete, founded by a colony from Samos. Hodie, Canea. The Cretans were celebrated archers.

859. Transilit in the sense of transcurrit.

860. Sata: in the sense of nata vel filia. 862. Parvæ alitis: of a small bird: small in comparison with the size of the goddess. Subitò. This is the common reading. Heyne has subitam. Collecta: in the sense of contracta.

863. Bustis: in the sense of sepulcris.

864. Importuna: in the sense of infausta. The bird here meant is the owl, which is the only fowl that sings in the night. Serùm late-in reference to the time of her singing.

866. Pestis fertque: the fury flies forward and backwards before the face of Turnus, screaming horribly. Fertque refertque se: she advances and retreats.

867. Novus: unusual-new. Solvit: in the sense of debilitat.

869. Stridorem et alas: in the sense of stridorem alarum: the noise, or whizzing of her wings.

871. Fœdans: tearing her face, &c. 872. Quid: Rumus says, quomodo.

875

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880 ereptâ

883. Quicquam meorum bonorum erit dulce

874. Morer: can I prolong. Lucem: in the sense of vitam.

875. Jam, jam, &c. This is in imitation of Homer, who makes Apollo quit the field just before Hector is slain by Achilles.Acies: the fight-the field of battle.

876. Obscænæ inauspicious-of ill omen. Verbera: the strokes-flapping of your wings.

878. Hæc reponit. Jove had an amour with Juturna; and as a reward for her violated virginity, he conferred upon her immortality. See verse 141, supra. Reponit: in the sense of reddit vel dat. Superba: in the sense of sæva vel dura.

879. Adempta est: taken away from me. Quò: why-for what purpose. Some copies have cur.

880. Possem: I wish I could-O! that I could end, &c.

881. Certè at least surely.

882. Immortalis: This is the reading of Heyne. Valpy and Ruæus read mortalis. This will make a difference in the sense. It will strip the words of any expression of strong passion on the part of Juturna. It implies that if she were mortal, she would accompany her brother to the shades below. Aut: Valpy and Ruæus read haud. Hayne reads aut, with an interrogation. Rumus and Valpy read without any.

883. Satis alta: sufficiently deep.

Terra mihi, Manesque Deam demittat ad imos!

885. Dea effata tan- Tantum effata, caput glauco contexit amictu, Multa gemens, et se fluvio Dea condidit alto.

tum

Æneas instat contrà, telumque coruscat
Ingens, arboreum, et sævo sic pectore fatur:

885

892. Opta te sequi

894. Ille Turnus quassans caput, ait: O ferox hostis

saxum

Quæ nunc deinde mora est? aut quid jam, Turne, re

tractas? you shramts ?

Non cursu, sævis certandum est cominùs armis.
Verte omnes tete in facies; et contrahe quicquid
Sive animis, sive arte, vales: opta ardua pennis
Astra sequi, clausumque cavâ te condere terrâ.
Ille, caput quassans: Non me tua fervida terrent
Dicta, ferox: Dî me terrent, et Jupiter hostis.

Nec plura effatus; saxum circumspicit ingens,
Saxum antiquum, ingens, campo quod fortè jacebat,
Limes agro positus, litem ut discerneret arvis.
899. Vix bis sex lccti Vix illud lecti bis sex cervice subirent,
homines subirent illud
Qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus.
901. Ille heros, insur- Ille manu raptum trepidâ torquebat in hostem,
gens altior, et concitus Altior insurgens, et cursu concitus heros. num
cursu torquebat illud
Sed neque currentem se, nec cognoscit euntem,
Tollentemve manu, saxumque immane moventem
Genua labant: gelidus concrevit frigore sanguis.
Tum lapis ipse viri, vacuum per inane volutus,
Nec spatium evasit totum, nec pertulit ictum.
Ac velut in somnis, oculos ubi languida pressit
Nocte quies, nequicquam avidos extendere cursus
NOTES.

907. Nec evasit totum spatium viri, nec

884. Demittat: send me a goddess, &c. Rumus says, detrudet. Arboreum : massy as a tree-like a tree.

890. Certandum est: the contest is to be decided in close fight, not at running. Sævis: in the sense of duris.

:

891. Facies in the sense of formas. Contrahe: in the sense of collige.

392. Opta: desire-wish to ascend to. Sequi: in the sense of ascendere.

894. Fervida: in the sense of superba. 898. Limes agro: placed as a limit or boundary to the land. Discerneret: that it might terminate (prevent) disputes about the fields. Davidson says, "to distinguish the controverted bounds of the fields."

899. Bis sex lecti, &c. Here the poet had two passages of Homer in his eye: Iliad v. 302, where Diomede throws a stone at Eneas, such as two men in Homer's time could hardly have wielded: and Iliad, lib. xxi. 405, where Minerva gives Mars a blow with a stone that was set for a landmark. These, and some other imitations, discover less judgment and correctness, than is to be seen in the rest of the poet's works. This stone, which our hero wields with so much ease, the poet informs us was so large that twelve men, in his time, would have scarcely Deen able to carry it upon their shoulders! Homer makes his heroes throw stones when

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890

895

900

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they have no other weapons. Turnus has his trusty sword, but there is no mention made of it. Jove prevents him from the use of it.

903. Sed neque cognoscit se: so disordered in his senses, that he does not perceive himself to be running, &c. The fury had deprived him not only of his strength of body. but of the powers of his mind. Heyne says, videt solitas vires sibi deesse.

905. Concrevit: hath congealed-grown thick. Frigore: may mean the fear and consternation, occasioned by the fury, by meton. This appears better than to take it for cold or chillness. That idea is expressed by gelidus.

906. Per vacuum inane: moved through the empty air. Inane: in the sense of aërem. Viri. Servius connects viri with lapis; but it illy suits the place. Its proper place is after spatium, implying that the stone, passing or thrown through the air, did not go the whole distance to Æneas, but fell short of him, and consequently did not give him a blow. Ruæus connects totum with ictum; but improperly: for that would imply that the stone gave Eneas a partial stroke; but it is plain it did not hit him at all, since it did not reach him. Heyne takes viri with Servius, in the sense of Turni. Ruæus connects it with spatium.

909. Avidos cursus: the fond races-the

a

Velle videmur, et in mediis conatibus ægri
Succidimus: non lingua valet, non corpore notæ
Sufficiunt vires, nec vox nec verba sequuntur.
Sic Turno, quâcunque viam virtute petivit,
Successum Dea Dira negat. Tum pectore sensus
Vertuntur varii. Rutulos aspectat et urbem;
Cunctaturque metu; telumque instare tremiscit.
Nec, quò se eripiat, nec quâ vi tendat in hostem,
Nec currus usquam, videt, aurigamque sororem.
Cunctanti telum Æneas fatale coruscat,
Sortitus fortunam oculis; et corpore toto
Eminùs intorquet. Murali concita nunquam
Tormento sic saxa fremunt, nec fulmine tanti
Volat atri turbinis instar

Diseultant crepitus.
Exitium dirum hasta ferens; orasque recludit
Lorica, et clypei extremos septemplicis orbes:
Per medium stridens transit femur.

Incidit ictus

Ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus.

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920

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925

Consurgunt gemitu Rutuli, totusque remugit
Mons circùm, et vocem latè nemora alta remittunt.
Ille humilis supplexque oculos, dextramque precantem,

Protendens, Equidem merui, nec deprecor, inquit: 931
Utere sorte tuâ. Miseri te si qua parentis
Tangere cura potest, oro, (fuit et tibi talis
Anchises genitor) Dauni miserere senectæ ;
Et me, seu corpus spoliatum lumine mavis,
Redde meis. Vicisti: et victum tendere palmas
Ausonii vidêre tua est Lavinia conjux.
Ulteriùs ne tende odiis. Stetit acer in armis

NOTES.

races on which we are intent, and eager in the pursuit.

910. Egri: weak-faint from our great exertions. Succidimus: in the sense of deficimus.

911. Nota: in the sense of solita. Corpore in the sense of corpori, the dat.

913. Quacunque virtute: by whatever (efforts of) valor he sought the way of attacking Eneas, or of making his escape.

914. Sensus: thoughts. Vertuntur: in the sense of volvuntur.

931. Nec deprecor

mortem

932. Si qua cura miseri parentis

933. Oro ut tu mise

935 rere

935. Et redde me meis amicis sive vivum, seu tu mavis, redde meum corpus

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924. Recludit: opens or penetrates the extremity of his coat of mail. Ora: the edge or border of any thing. Exitium : in the sense of mortem.

925. Extremos orbes: by this we are to understand the lower part of the shield. Septemplicis: having seven folds or plates

916. Cunctatur: he hesitates-he knows of brass. not what to do-he is at a stand.

917. Tendat: in the sense of irruat. 919. Coruscat: in the sense of vibrat. 920. Sortitus fortunam oculis: Servius explains these words thus: Eneas oculis elegit hunc locum ad feriendum, quem fortuna destinaverat vulneri. Fortunam in this sense, is of the same import with locum vulneris. Heyne is of the same opinion. Ruæus says, opportunitatem.

921. Murali tormento: this was an engine, or machine for battering the walls of cities, and for throwing missive weapons. Concita: thrown, or sent.

923. Nec tanti crepitus: nor do such

926. Ictus: in the sense of percussus, vel

vulneratus.

927. Duplicato poplite: upon his bended knee. Heyne says, inflexo genu.

929. Remittunt: echo-return the sound. Vocem: in the sense of sonum.

931. Deprecor: nor do I entreat that you should spare me.

932. Sorte: in the sense of fortuna. Miseri: in the sense of infelicis.

935. Redde me meis, &c. Turnus confesses himself vanquished; and entreats Æneas to send him back to his father and friends; but if he choose rather (mavis) to deprive him of life, in that case, that he would send

Æneas, volvens oculos, dextramque repressit.

940. Sermo Turni Et jam jamque magis cunctantem flectere sermo cœperat flectere Eneam Caperat; infelix humero cùm apparuit alto

cunctantem

940

Balteus, et notis fulserunt cingula bullis,

Pallantis pueri; victum quem vulnere Turnus

Straverat, atque humeris inimicum insigne gerebat.7
Ille, oculis postquam sævi monumenta doloris,
Exuviasque hausit, furiis accensus et irâ

945

947. Ait: Tu-ne in- Terribilis: Tu-ne hinc spoliis, indute, meorum dute spoliis meorum Eripiare mihi? Pallas te hoc vulnere, Pallas

amicorum

Immolat, et pœnam scelerato ex sanguine sumit..
Hoc dicens, ferrum adverso sub pectore condit
Fervidus. ast illi solvuntur frigore membra,
Vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras.
NOTES &

his dead body to them, that it might be treated according to the rites of his country. 940. Flectere: to turn or change him. Rumus says, commovere.

941. Infelix: inauspicious-unfortunate. It had proved so to Pallas, whom Turnus slew it now proves so to Turnus, who in turn is slain by Eneas. Alto: this is the reading of Heyne and Davidson. Ruæus and Valpy read ingens, referring to the belt (balteus) of Pallas, which Turnus wore upon his shoulders. Alto: refers to Turnus. This last is the best. Bullis: studs or bosses. Ruæus says, clavis.

943. Pueri: in the sense of juvenis. 944. Insigne: in the sense of ornamentum. 945. Hausit oculis: he saw. Savi doloris: the death of Pallas caused excessive grief to Eneas; and from the moment that he heard of his fall, he vowed vengeance on Turnus. The sight of these memorials, these spoils, of his friend, roused him into fury. He had otherwise, perhaps, spared his suppliant. Hausit: in the sense of vidit.

950

947. Indute: voc. agreeing with tu, from the verb induo: clad. Meorum: of my friends: namely, Pallas.

948. Eripiare: the passive is here used in the sense of the middle voice of the Greeks: canst thou rescue thyself from my hands?

949. Scelerato: devoted.

Ruæus says,

impio, in reference to his having slain Pallas. Heyne is of the same opinion. Immolat: sacrifices you to the gods below.

951. Fervidus: in the sense of ardens. Illi: in the sense of illius. Frigore: with the chill of death.

952. Indignata cum gemitu. Heyne takes this in the sense simply of gemens vel marens.

Mr. Davidson observes, the conclusion of this beautiful poem is unworthy of the dignity of the subject. And if Virgil had lived to finish it to his mind, he would, in all probability, have given it a more elegant termination.

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