circumtulit 1 Hic mentem Æneæ genitrix pulcherrima misit, 557. Ille Eneas ut Ille ut vestigans diversa per agmina Turnum, 560. Accendit animum Continuò pugnæ accendit majoris imago : parte pro nobis 567. Eruam urbem Mnesthea, Sergestumque vocat, fortemque Serestum, aggere fatur : 565. Jupiter stat hâc Ne qua meis esto dictis mora: Jupiter hâc stat : Neu quis ob inceptum subitum mihi segnior ito. Urbem hodie, causam belli, regna ipsa Latini, Ni frænum accipere et victi parere fatentur, Eruam; et æqua solo fumantia culmina ponam. Scilicet exspectem, libeat dum prælia Turno Nostra pati? rursùsque velit concurrere victus ? 572. Hoc est caput, Hoc caput, ô cives, hæc belli summa nefandi. nempe, urbs Laurentum Ferte faces properè, fœdusque reposcite flammis. 576. Scale apparuerunt hostes Dixerat: atque animis pariter certantibus omnes 582. Italos jam bis esse Bis jam Italos hostes; hæc altera fœdera rumpi. NOTES. 554. Mentem: mind-design-purpose. Misit: in the sense of immisit. Heyne takes mentem in the sense of consilium. 558. Acies in the sense of oculos: some understand it of the various parts of the army. Immunem: in the sense of expertem. 563. Nec scuta: this was according to the custom of the Roman soldiers, who were wont to be drawn up in arms before their general, when he harangued them. Legio: in the sense of turmæ vel acies. Ruæus says, exercitus. us 565. Stat hâc: stands here with us-favors —is on our side, in this bold undertaking. This may be said in allusion to his being the avenger of violated faith. 568. Fatentur: unless they consent to receive the reins and obey. Accipere frænum, vel fræna is a military phrase, denoting unconditional submission to the conqueror. Ruæus says, volunt. 569. qua: level with the ground. Ponam: in the sense of prosternam. 555 560 565 570 575 580 585 571. Pati nostra prælia: to fight with me. Ruæus says, ferre pugnam. 575. Dant cuneum: they form themselves into the military wedge, which is drawn to a point in the front, and widens toward the rear; and in this close body (densa mole) they rush against the city. Dant: in the sense of formant vel faciunt. Feruntur: in the sense of irrunt. Ruæus interprets mole by multitudine. 578. Ferrum. Any missive weapon tipped with iron or steel, may be called ferrum. 579. Tendit: in the sense of protendit. Sub: in the sense of ad. 582. Hæc altera fædera. The first treaty was, when Latinus promised to flioneus to take Æneas for his ally, and son-in-law. En. vii. 259. The second league or treaty was that which ratified the single combat between Turnus and Æneas, 195. supra. 585. Trahunt: they draw the king to the walls, that he may ratify the treaty, and so put an end to the war. Arma ferunt alii, et pergunt defendere muros. Accidit hæc fessis etiam fortuna Latinis, Nusquam acies contrà Rutulas, nulla agmina Turni : Extinctum et, subitô mentem turbata dolore, 590 595 605 588. Implevit locum 597. Contrà prospicu nusquam Rutulas acies apparere 598. Credit juvenem 600. Se esse causam 605. Lavinia prima furit, laniata quoad Se causam clamat, crimenque, caputque malorum: 600 Turnum extinctum esse NOTES. 586. Pergunt: in the sense of parant. 587. Pumice. Pumex is properly the pumice stone: here put for any stone. 588. Vestigavit: hath found-discovered. 589. Castra: their hives. Trepida rerum: alarmed for their state-condition. Timentes suis rebus, says Ruæus. So fessi rerum, En. i. 178. 591. Tectis: this again means the hives. Odor: fume- vapor, or smoke. Coco smothered-obscure. 593. Fortuna: in the sense of calamitas. Fessis: afflicted-distressed. 594. Concussit: in the sense of implevit. 595. Tectis. Tectum here is in the sense of urbs. Incessi: the inf. of the verb incessor: to be assaulted. Ut: when-as soon as. 599. Turbata: in the sense of commota. Mentem is put as a Grecism. Of de, 600. Crimen: the criminal author. 601. Demens: wanting reason. and mens. Affata: in the sense of dicens vel loquens. Per: through-during. 603. Informis: unnatural-awful. Heyne says, turpis. The poet here expresses his disapprobation of suicide, by calling it informis leti. According to the pontifical books, such persons were deprived of the 610 rites of burial. Nectit: she binds, or ties the rope. Nodum: in the sense of funem, says Heyne. 605. Accepêre: in the sense of audiverunt. Quam cladem: in the sense of cujus mortem. 606. Lavinia laniata. After the women had learned the tragic end of her mother, Lavinia was the first to express her grief. This she did by tearing her hair, and mangling her rosy cheeks. Servius reads floros, or floreos, instead of flavos, in imitation of Ennius. But there is no authority to support this reading; and there is no necessity for the alteration; for yellow, or golden hair, was the color most admired among the ancients. 609. Demittunt: their resolution failsthey despond. Ruæus says, dejiciunt animos. Davidson renders it," their souls despond." 610. Fatis: in the sense of morte. 612. Multa: in the sense of multùm. This and the following line are introduced from En. xi. 471. In some copies they do not appear in this place. 613. Adsciverit: admitted, or received him as a son-in-law. Intereâ extremo bellator in æquore Turnus 615 Jam minùs atque minùs successu lætus equorum. 618. Commixtum cœ- Commixtum clamorem, arrectasque impulit aures cis terroribus Confusæ sonus urbis, et illætabile murmur. 620 625. Occurrit huic in Talibus occurrit dictis: Hâc, Turne, sequamur talibus dictis: hâc parte, Trojugenas, quâ prima viam victoria pandit O Turne Sunt alii, qui tecta manu defendere possint. 630. Numero casorum Nec numero inferior, pugnæ nec honore recedes. O soror, et dudum agnovi, cùm prima per artem Fœdera turbâsti, teque hæc in bella dedisti : 634. Fallis me. Sed Et nunc nequicquam fallis Dea. Sed quis Olympo quis Deorum voluit te Demissam tantos voluit te ferre labores? lemissam 638. Ego ipse vidi ingentem Murranum op 625 630 635 An fratris miseri letum ut crudele videres ? Nam quid ago? aut quæ jam spondet fortuna salutem ? Vidi oculos ante ipse meos, me voce vocantem Murranum, (quo non superat mihi charior alter Oppetere ingentem, atque ingenti vulnere victum. Occidit infelix, ne nostrum dedecus, Ufens, 643. Nostris miseris Aspiceret: Teucri potiuntur corpore et armis. Exscindi-ne domos, id rebus defuit unum, petere ante meos oculos, vocantem me voce, atque victum rebus NOTES. 614. Equore: in the sense of campo. 615. Segnior. Rumus says, tardior. 616. Successu equorum. Servius, and most. interpreters after him, take the meaning to be: that Turnus was now less pleased with his horses, because they were out of breath, and fatigued. But it seems much better to understand it of his being less pleased with the easy victory he gained, now that Æneas was retired, and only a few straggling troops left in the field. This agrees with the expressions paucos palantes. Successu equorum: this last intimates, that the victory he gained was now so easy, that he had only to drive the enemy before his chariot, without meeting with any resistance. Turnus might think the victory not worthy of his valor, and was therefore less pleased with it, than if it had more richly rewarded him. This better accords with the sentiments of the soldier. This is the opinion of Davidson. He renders the words; " with the cheap victory of his horses." Heyne agrees with Servius. Ruæus observes: he was less pleased with his horses, because they had carried him so far from the fight. 640 617. Aura: in the sense of ventus. Caces: unknown-uncertain. Ruæus says, incertis. 619. Illatabile: mournful-unjoyous. Of in, neg. and lætabilis. 621. Diversâ: in the sense of ab diversa parte urbis. Ruæus says, dissita. 625. Occurrit: in the sense of respondet. 627. Tecta: in the sense of urbem. 629. Mittamus: in the sense of demus. Funera sæva: in the sense of crudelem mortem, says Ruæus. "Let us spread cruel death among the Trojans." Valpy. 630. Numero: in the number of the slain. Turnus should equal Eneas in the number of his slain, and in the glory of the fight. 632. Agnovi: the pron. te is understood. 633. Turbâsti: in the sense of rupisti. 634. Fallis: Heyne says, vis latere. 638. Murranum. He was one of the Italian princes, and slain by Eneas, verse 529, supra. Ingentem: mighty-powerful. 641. Ufens. He cominanded the Agricolæ. See Æn. vii. 745. 643. Unum: in the sense of solum. The only thing wanting to our complete wretchedness and misery. 644 Perpetiar? dextrâ nec Drancis dicta refellam? 655 Vix ea fatus erat: medios volat, ecce, per hostes 650 Sustentant aciem. Circum hos utrinque phalanges 660 663. E strictis mucro 665 nibus 644. Dicta Drancis. See En. xi. 336, the state of Latinus' mind. On the one et sequens. 646. Est-ne usque adeò: is it indeed so grievous a thing to die? 647. Superis: in the sense of Superorum. Boni: propitious-kind. Turnus now plainly sees, that the gods above are against him, and that he must fall beneath the sword of Eneas. He addresses himself to the gods below, (Manes,) not so much with a view to obtain their assistance against the purposes of Jove, as they might give his shade, his sancta anima, a welcome reception; since it would descend to them covered with glory, free from any imputation of cowardice or fault, and no way degenerate from his illustrious ancestors. 648. Inscia istius culpæ: free from the fault or crime of deserting his friends in their distress, and difficulty. This he will not do, though he knows that it must terminate in his death. Sancta: pure-unpolluted. He 652. Ora: in the sense of vultum. was wounded full in the face-right in front. Implorans: in the sense of vocans. 655. Dejecturum: would rase. hand, he was inclined to match his daughter with Eneas, and fulfil his engagements: on the other, he was overawed by Turnus, and durst not openly declare his sentiments; but faintly hinted them, like one who mutters what he is afraid to speak out. Ruæus says, dubitat. Heyne says, tacitè deliberat. Referunt: turn-cast. The verb is to be repeated before each objective case. 659. Tui: in the sense of tibi. 662. Aciem: in the sense of pugnam. Phalanges: the troops in general. 664. Deserto gramine: in the sense of extremo campo. See 614, supra. 665. Rerum: of distress-affliction. Imagine: form-image. 667. Ingens pudor: this, and the following line are repeated from Æn. x. 870. 668. Insania: distraction. Rumus says, amentia. Furiis. Heyne conjectures reference is had to the nuptials of Lavinia, of which he now began to despair. 670. Acies oculorum: the sight of his eyes; simply, his eyes. Heyne reads, orbes. 671. Rotis: in the sense of curru. 672. Vortex flammis: a whirling volume 657. Mussat. This word strongly marks of flame rolled, &c. The prep. è is under 675 Ad cœlum undabat vortex, turrimque tenebat; 'Turrim, compactis trabibus quam eduxerat ipse, Subdideratque rotas, pontesque instraverat altos. Jam jam fata, soror, superant; absiste morari: Quò Deus, et quò dura vocat fortuna, sequamur. 678. Stat mihi pati Stat conferre manum Æneæ: stat, quicquid acerbi est quicquid acerbi est in Morte pati; nec me indecorem, germana! videbis morte 680. Ante mortem 684. Velut cùm saxum ruit præceps de vertice 686. Solvit illud è loco Ampliùs. Hunc, oro, sine me furere antè furorem. Dixit: et è curru saltum dedit ocyùs arvis: Perque hostes, per tela ruit; mœstamque sororem Deserit; ac rapido cursu media agmina rumpit. Ac, veluti montis saxum de vertice præceps Cùm ruit avulsum vento, seu turbidus imber Proluit, aut annis solvit sublapsa vetustas; Fertur in abruptum magno mons improbus actu, Exsultatque solo, sylvas, armenta, virosque Involvens secum: disjecta per agmina Turnus Sic urbis ruit ad muros, ubi plurima fuso Sanguine terra madet, stridentque hastilibus auræ : Significatque manu, et magno simul incipit ore: Parcite jam, Rutuli; et vos, tela inhibite, Latini; 694. Fortuna hujus Quæcunque est, fortuna mea est; me veriùs unum Pro vobis fœdus luere, et decernere ferro. 695. Luere violatum Discessêre omnes medii, spatiumque dedêre. fœdus At pater Æneas, audito nomine Turni, 701. Tantus quantus Deserit et muros, et summas deserit arces; est Athos, aut quantus est Eryx, aut quantus est Præcipitatque moras omnes: opera omnia rumpit, pater Apenninus ipse, Lætitiâ exsultans, horrendùmque intonat armis : Quantus Athos, aut quantus Eryx, aut ipse coruscis pugnæ est mea: est veriùs cùm fremit NOTES. stood to govern flammis. Tabulata: the stages or stories of the tower. 674. Turrim, quam ipse: the tower which he himself had raised, &c. Eduxerat: in the sense of struxerat. 675. Subdiderat : had placed under it wheels. Towers were built of wood, and commonly several stories (tabulata) high. They were for the purpose of defence, or assault; and were so constructed that they could be moved by means of wheels or rollers, placed under them, to the place where they were required. Sometimes several of them were connected by means of bridges (pontes) at the tops, made of planks and timber. By these bridges the men could pass from one to another, whenever it became necessary. 678. Stat: the imp. of sto. I am resolved -it is fixed. Rumus says, deliberatum est. 680. Furere hunc: in the sense of indulgere huic furori. The construction is according to a Greek idiom. Permit me, O, sister! to rage in this manner--to indulge this passion. Ante: this refers to his death, or his engagement with Æneas, in which he was persuaded he should be slain: ante mortem, vel antiquam moriar. 681 685 690 695 700 687. Mons fertur improbus: the massy rock is carried violent, &c. Mons here evidently means the same as saxum, just before mentioned. In abruptum: down the sides of the mountain. Improbus implies that the rock rushed down with an irresistible force. Actu: in the sense of impetu. 689. Involvens: in the sense of rapiens. Disjecta: scattered-fleeing before him. 690. Plurima: in the sense of plurimùm. This implies that Turnus rushed into the hottest of the battle-where the earth was wet the most with blood. 692. Ore: in the sense of voce. 693. Parcite: cease, or spare your arms. 694. Veriùs: in the sense of æquus. Pro vobis: in your room, and stead. 698. Deserit: in the sense of relinquit. |