17. Aut Trojanus ha- Aut habeat victos; cedat Lavinia conjux beat nos victos; et La- Olli sedato respondit corde Latinus: vinia conjux cedat illi O præstans animi juvenis, quantùm ipse feroci victori. 20. Consulere tibi 2G Virtute exsuperas tantò me impensiùs æquum est 24. Innuptæ virgines Sunt aliæ innuptæ Latio et Laurentibus agris, missam Nec genus indecores. Sine me hæc haud mollia fatu 25 Me natam nulli veterum sociare procorum Fas erat, idque omnes Divique hominesque canebant. 31. Eripui eam pro- Promissam eripui genero; arma impia sumpsi. 32. Ex illo tempore, O Turne, vides : Spes Italas recalent nostro Tiberina fluenta Sanguine adhuc, campique ingentes ossibus albent. Quò referor toties? quæ mentem insania mutat? 38. Si paratus sum Si, Turno exstincto, socios sum accire paratus ; accire Trojanos Cur non, incolumi, potiùs certamina tollo? 39. Eo incolumi Quid consanguinei Rutuli, quid cætera dicet 41. Fors refutet hee Italia, ad mortem si te; fors dicta refutet! mea dicta Prodiderim, natam et connubia nostra petentem? Respice res bello varias; miserere parentis NOTES. refutabo. Crimen: either the common disgrace, by the preceding defeat and flight: or the inputation thrown upon him by Drances and others, of his wanting courage to meet Eneas. This last appears to be the sense of Ruæus. 19. Feroci: bold-daring. Quantùm: in the sense of quantò, corresponding with tantò. Præstans animi: excelling in courage-valor. 20. Tantò impensiùs æquum by so much the more anxiously, it is just that I should consult your safety. 21. Casus: hazard-dangers. 23. Nec non aurumque: Servius takes the sense of these words to be: Latinus satis opulentus est, et nobilis etiam absque his nuptiis implying that, as Turnus was powerful and wealthy enough without contracting an alliance with Latinus, so Latinus needed not to match his daughter with him for the sake of aggrandizing himself. Though this makes sense of aurum, it puts a forced signification upon animus. Ruæus says, sunt quoque Latino divitiæ et benevolentia. The expression implies, that Latinus entertained a friendly disposition towards Turnus, and desired to promote his happiness in any way that his wealth could contribute to it; but he could not bestow his daughter 36 335 40 upon him. He advises him to seek a wife among the Italian princesses; among whom he would find some one worthy of so distinguished a prince. Manu: by valor. 26. Dolis sublatis: guile, or deceit being taken away-in plain words. Fatu: sup. in u of the verb for: to be spoken, or said. Hauri: in the sense of audi. 28. Canebant: in the sense of prædice bant vel monebant. 29. Cognato sanguine. Turnus was the son of Venilia, the sister of Amata, the wife of Latinus. Hence the propriety of cognato sanguine: kindred blood. Vincla: straints--obligations. re 33. Primus: in the sense of princeps. 34. Bis victi. They were first beaten on the banks of the Tiber, when Æneas landed his reinforcements from Etruria; and a second time vanquished under the walls of Latium, in the horse fight, when Camilla was slain. See the preceding book. 37. Quò referor: why am I carried so often backward?-why do I change my resolution so often, of giving my daughter to Eneas? 39. Certamina: disputes-contests. 41. Fors: fortune-the issue of the contest. 43. Res: state-condition. Longævi, quem nunc mæstum patria Ardea longè 45 Quam pro me curam geris, hanc precor, optime, pro me Et nos tela, pater, ferrumque haud debile dextrâ At regina, novâ pugnæ conterrita sorte, NOTES. 44. Ardea: the capital city of the Rutuli. The whole address of Latinus is tender and pathetic, and bespeaks the goodness of his heart. Among other arguments to dissuade Turnus from the combat, he mentions his aged father. 45. Dividit: in the sense of separat. 46. Egrescit medendo: he grows more obstinate by being persuaded-by applying remedies. Medendo: a gerund. in do, of medeor. This is said by way of metaphor. 47. Institit: he proceeded-began to speak. 48. Geris: in the sense of habes. 49. Pacisci to exchange death for glory -to obtain glóry and renown in the room of death-for death. 51. De vulnere nostro: from the wound inflicted by us. 52. Dea mater erit longè illi. This is a Latin idiom. The meaning is his mother will be far from affording him any assistance, as she had done on, former occasions. It will not be in her power to do it. 54. Sorte: sors here means the terms, or conditions of the combat. These were, if 44. Longè à te 48. O optime regum precor ut deponas hanc 50 curam pro me, quam geris 55 60 58. Tu es sola requies mihi miseræ 65 70 me 61. Quicunque casus 62. Iidem manent et 72. O mater, quæso, ne, ne prosequere ma Turnus were slain, that Lavinia should fall to Eneas; that the Rutuli should be his subjects, &c. Verse 17, supra. 57. Honos: respect-regard. 59. Domus in the sense of familia. Inclinata in the sense of prona vel labens. Com 60. Desiste: in the sense of omitte. mittere manum: to engage in close combat. Ruæus says, conserere manum. 63. Lumina in the sense of lucem vel vitam. 64. Accepit: in the sense of audiit. 65. Perfusa genas: wet as to her blushing cheeks with tears. A Grecism, See Ecl. i. 55. 66. Rubor: modesty, by meton. Ignem. the glow, or blush, which her extreme modesty diffused, or spread over her cheeks. Subjecit properly signifies, spread under the skin. Calefacta: red (or blushing) counte nance. 67. Violaverit: in the sense of tinxerit. 70. Turbat in the sense of agitat. 72. Tanto: in the sense of infausto. The repetition of the ne is emphatical. Prosequere properly signifies, to convoy: here, to 74. Mora mortis est O mater: neque enim Turno mora libera mortis. libera Turno. Tu, O Nuntius hæc, Idmon, Phrygio mea dicta tyranno Idmon, nuntius refer Haud placitura refer: cùm primùm crastina cœlo Puniceis invecta rotis Aurora rubebit ; 82. Tuens eos fremen tes ante ejus ora 84. Qui equi 75 Non Teucros agat in Rutulos: Teucrûm arma quiescant, Hæc ubi dicta dedit, rapidusque in tecta recessit, Qui candore nives anteirent, cursibus auras. Circumdat loricam humeris; simul aptat habendo 95. O hasta, nunquam Vociferans: Nunc, ô nunquam frustrata vocatus frustrata Hasta meos, nunc tempus adest; te maximus Actor, mea valida 101. Ejus ardentis 80 85 90 90 95 100 NOTES. follow, or accompany. Her tears were an inauspicious omen, or presage of the event. 74. Neque enim: as if he had said: your tears will be of no avail, for I have passed my word; and, if death be the event, I cannot retract; I have no power to retard, or put off my destiny. This is the plain meaning of the passage; yet Servius considers it inexplicable. Mora: a putting off, or deferring. 78. Non agat: let him not lead his Trojans, &c. 83. Orithyia: the daughter of Erechtheus king of Athens, who was said to be carried away by Boreas into Thrace. She was reputed a goddess, and Virgil makes Pilumnus, the great-grandfather of Turnus, to have received these horses from her. Thrace, the place of her residence, was famous for breeding generous steeds. Decus: plainly in the sense of munus vel donum. Ruæus says, ornamentum. 84. Anteirent: excelled-surpassed.— Auras: in the sense of ventos. 5. Lacessunt: in the sense of palpant. Heyne takes lacessunt plausa, simply for plaudunt. 86. Plausa cavis: stroked, or patted with their hollow hands. Colla: in the sense of jubæ. 87. Squalentem: rough with gold, and pale, &c. 88. Habendo: for carrying-wearing. A gen. in do of the dat. case. The same as ad habendum. Ruæus says, ut gestentur. 89. Cornua rubræ crista: the extremities of the crimson plume. The crista were the feathers worn upon the helmet, and rising above it. The cornua were the ends, or extremities of these plumes, put for the whole plume or tuft, by synec.: and these again, for the helmet, by meton. 90. Ignipotens Deus: Vulcan. 91. Tinxerat: in the sense of merserat. 93. Validam hastam. been taken from Auruncian Actor, either by This spear had Turnus himself, or one of his ancestors. Hence it is called spolium. Actor was slain. 95. Frustrata: deceiving-disappointing. 98. Lacerare: to rend-break in pieces. 99. Semiviri Phrygis. What is here said of Æneas, is said by way of reproach; in allusion to some custom of the Asiatics. 100. Vibratos: curled, or twisted up with a hot iron. To curl the hair, and smear it with unguents, were considered marks of effeminacy. Scintillæ absistunt: oculis micat acribus ignis. Nec minùs intereà maternis sævus in armis Postera vix summos spargebat lumine montes At Juno è summo, qui nunc Albanus habetur ; NOTES. 102. Absistunt: fly off from. Ruæus says, erumpunt. 103. Mugitus: bellowings. Ciet: in the sense of emittit. 105. Lacessit: in the sense of provocat. 106. Proludit. Ruæus says, parat. 107. Maternis armis: the armor made by Vulcan, at the desire of his mother. Hence called maternis. Nec minus: in the sense of nec non likewise-also-in like manner. 108. Martem: in the sense of pugnam. Acuit: prepares for the combat. 109. Oblato fœdere : upon the conditions, or terms offered. 111. Docens fata: teaching them the purposes of the gods concerning him. Ruæus says, aperiens fata illis. 112. Dicere: in the sense of proponere. Leges: terms-conditions. 114. Alto gurgite: from the deep ocean. 116. Campum: the ground-space. Denensi: having measured it out. 119. Fontem: in the sense of aquam. 120. Velati lino. Servius says that the priests and sacred ministers among the Romans, were prohibited from wearing any thing of linen; and that Virgil designedly clothes the feciales or priests in linen veils on this occasion, to give us to know beforehand, that the league was to be broken; since it was ushered in with unlawful rites. Heyne reads, limo, which was a kind of apron worn by the priests in time of sacrifice, that reached down from the navel to the feet. The common reading is lino. 121. Pilata: armed with darts or javelins. Agmina: troops. 124. Instructi ferro: furnished, and equipped with arms. 127. Genus: offspring, or descendants. Assaraci. See Geor. iii. 35. 133. Obsedêre: in the sense of impleverunt. Adstant: in the sense of stant. 134. Habetur: in the sense of vocatur. Tum neque nomen erat, nec honos, aut gloria monti; 138. Diva Juno sic Extemplò Turni sic est effata sororem 142. Ut prætulerim te Nympha, decus fluviorum, animo gratissima nostro, unam cunctis virginibus, Scis, ut te cunctis unam, quæcunque Latinæ quæcunque Latinæ virMagnanimi Jovis ingratum ascendêre cubile, 145. Te in parte cœli Prætulerim, cœlique lubens in parte locârim. Disce tuum, ne me incuses, Juturna, dolorem. Quà visa est fortuna pati, Parcæque sinebant gines mecum 136 140 145 148. Res cedere pros- Cedere res Latio, Turnum et tua monia texi : pere Latio Nunc juvenem imparibus video concurrere fatis, Parcarumque dies et vis inimica propinquat. Non pugnam aspicere hanc oculis, non fœdera possum. 152. Si tu audes facere Tu, pro germano si quid præsentiùs audes, quid 154. Vix dixerat ea 160. Eam incertam 161. Reges procedunt ab urbe 150 Perge; decet forsan miseros meliora sequentur. NOTES. This mount was called Alban, from Alba Longa, a city built by Ascanius after he had reigned at Lavinium thirty years. For the reason of its name, see En. viii. 44. 140. Præsidet. Juturna is by Ovid called a Naiad. A fountain issuing from the foot of mount Alban, and a lake which it supplied, were sacred to her. The river flowed into the Tiber. Its water was celebrated for its purity. 141. Sacravit: in the sense of donavit. This honor Jupiter conferred upon her, in compensation of her lost virginity. 143. Prætulerim te: I preferred thee alone, &c. 144. Ingratum: the bed here is called ungrateful, to save the indecency of giving that harsh epithet to Jove. The amours of Jupiter were always displeasing to Juno. Valpy observes, that the word is to be taken in the sense of ingrati, agreeing with Jovis. Heyne says, invisum mihi, referring to Juno. 145. In parte: in the sense of participem. 147. Quâ: as far as-as long as. Ruæus says, quatenus. 148. Texi: in the sense of defendi. 150. Dies et inimica: this is a circumlocution, denoting that the last day of the life of Turnus had arrived. 160 152. Præsentiùs. Servius takes this in the sense of efficaciùs, vel vehementiùs. But it may refer to what Juno had just before said; non pugnam: I cannot bear to see the combat; I can only lament his hard fate, and intercede for him at a distance: but, if you have courage (audes) to lend your brother some nearer aid, and assist him with your presence, then set about it immediately it becomes you to attempt it. Ruæus says, utiliùs. 155. Honestum: in the sense of decorum. 158. Cie: in the sense of excita. Conceptum: in the sense of inceptum. Excute: in the sense of frange. Ruæus says, dissipa. 159. Ego auctor audendi: I am the author (adviser) of the daring attempt. The gerund is here used in the sense of ausi. 160. Tristi vulnere: with bitter agony of mind. Vulnus, is properly a wound; by meton. the wounding instrument; also the pain, or anguish arising from the wound. Ruæus says, solicitudine. 161. Ingenti mole: with a mighty retinue. Ruæus says, magno apparatu. 163. Bis sex aurati radii: twelve golden rays or beams represented the twelve signs of the zodiac. Cui tempora: around whose refulgent temples, &c. |