annis tecum; tu, 0 Turne Junximus hospitio, dextras: sors ista senectæ Quàm pius Æneas, et quàm magni Phryges, et quàm 171. Dignati sunt te. Tyrrhenique duces, Tyrrhenûm exercitus omnis. Illi ferunt magna tro- Magna trophæa ferunt, quos dat tua dextera leto. phæa ex illis, quos Tu quoque nunc stares immanis truncus in armis, 174. Si esset mihi par Esset par ætas, et idem si robur ab annis, ætas, et idem robur ab Turne. Sed infelix Teucros quid demoror armis ? Vadite, et hæc memores regi mandata referte: 176. Vestro regi: o Quòd vitam moror invisam, Pallante perempto, Enea, tua dextra est Dextera causa tua est; Turnum natoque patrique causa, quòd Quam debere vides meritis. Vacat hic tibi solus Fortunæque locus. Non vitæ gaudia quæro, Nec fas: sed nato Manes perferre sub imos. Aurora intereà miseris mortalibus almam Extulerat lucem, referens opera atque labores. Jam pater Æneas, jam curve in litore Tarchon Constituêre pyras: huc corpora quisque suorum More tulere patrum: subjectisque ignibus atris Conditur in tenebras altum caligine cœlum. Ter circum accensos, cincti fulgentibus armis, 189. Rogos suorum Decurrêre rogos: ter mæstum funeris ignem 179. Quam dextram vides 181. Nec est fas: sed cupio perferre hunc nuntium mortis Turni amicorum Lustravêre in equis, ululatusque ore dedêre. 165 169 175 180 185 190 Conjiciunt igni, galeas, ensesque decoros, NOTES. course of things, which takes place in the world: which is, that the son should outlive the father. This is the sense given by Heyne. Valpy says, "I have survived my own fate -I have exceeded the natural bounds of life." 165. Sors: calamity. 168. Juvabit: it will console me that he fell leading, or preparing the way for, the Trojans, &c. 169. Digner non: I cannot honor thee, &c. Ruæus says, non honorabo. 170. Phryges: the Trojans. They are so called from Phrygia, a country of the lesser Asia. It was divided into the greater and the less. The less Phrygia was also called Troas, the ancient kingdom of the Trojans. 174. Par atas, &c. This may refer to Pallas or Evander; neither of whom was able by inequality of age and strength to meet Turnus. Davidson refers it to the father: who, had his age permitted, would have gone to the war in person. And in this case, had he met Turnus, he would have been victorious, and brought back his trophy to grace his triumph. See 6. supra. 180. Hic locus vacat: this method alone remains to thee, and thy fortune. Modus solandi me restat tibi, says Ruæus. For vacat, Heyne says relictus est. 187. Caligine: in the sense of fumo. In tenebras. Ruæus says, in similitudinem noctis. 189. Cincti: clad in shining armor they marched, &c. Lustravêre in equis: they rode around. The former has reference to that part of the ceremony performed by the infantry, or foot; the latter, to that performed by the horse, or cavalry. Funeris: in the sense of pyra. 192. It cœlo: in the sense of tollitur ad cœlum. 193. Hinc in the next place-after this. 195. Ferventes: in the sense of rapidas, Ipsorum clypeos, et non felicia tela. 200 205 Tunc undique vasti Nec minùs et miseri diversâ in parte Latini NOTES. vel celeres. Nota munera: offerings of the arms which had been theirs, and consequently known to them. 196. Non felicia: unsuccessful darts those that failed to do execution, when thrown against the enemy. 197. Morti: to the divinity Mors. 199. Jugulant: they kill over the flame, &c. This they did, probably, that the blood of the victim might fall upon the pile. 201. Busta. Bustum properly is the funeral pile after it is consumed. Semiusta: of semi and ustus. 204. Partim infodiunt. The meaning is: that they buried a part of the slain, and a part they sent to the city of Latinus. Partim may be considered here, a sub. in apposition with multa corpora. Virûm of their heroes. Avecta: a part. of the verb avehor: carried away. 208. Numero. Numerus here may be taken in its usual acceptation; but it may also mean decency, or regard. They burned all the rest, a confused heap of slain, without any particular marks of regard, or honor, by way of distinction. 211. Ruebant. The meaning is: that they collected together the ashes and the bones mingled on the places (focis) where the funeral piles had been erected. After this they covered them with a mound of earth. Altum implies that the ashes lay thick, or deep upon the ground. Ruæus says, evertebant. Heyne says, legebant. Ruo, is here taken as an active verb. 213. In tectis urbe in the houses throughout the city. Davidson says, "in the courts of Latinus, and in the city." 214. Fragor: in the sense of plangor. Præcipuus: in the sense of magnus, vel maximus. 215. Nurus. Nurus here may mean any young married woman. Chara pectora marentum dear hearts of sisters mourning dear, or affectionate sisters mourning the loss of their brothers and friends. 218. Decernere: to decide, or settle the dispute by the sword. 220. Savus: in the sense of acerbus, says Ruæus. 221. Testatur: in the sense of dicit. 222. Multa: various-manifold. 223. Obumbrat: in the sense of protegit vel tutatur. 224. Multa fama. Multa here is plainly &ctum Hos inter motus, medio flagrante tumultu, 227. Aiunt nihil esse Legati responsa ferunt: nihil omnibus actum 228. Dona valuisse nii, nec Fatalem Ænean manifesto numine ferri 233. Recentesque tu- Admonet ira Deûm, tumulique ante ora recentes. muli ante ora admonent Ergò concilium magnum, primosque suorum 242. Parens dicto La Imperio accitos, alta intra limina cogit. 241. Silentia facta sunt Ordine cuncta suo. Tum facta silentia linguis, tini 246. Dictam cogno- Contigimusque manum, quâ concidit Ilia tellus. Ille urbem Argyripam, patriæ cognomine gentis, mine NOTES. 232. Fatalem: destined, and appointed by the gods to marry Lavinia, and to rule the Latin state. Manifesto: by the evident power and assistance of the gods. Admonet: declares. Ruæus says, ostendit. Whatever hesitance and doubt rested on the mind of Latinus, concerning his son-in-law, it was now removed. He plainly saw in the late transactions, the immediate interposition of the gods in favor of Eneas. 235. Imperio: in the sense of jussu. Primos: the chief men-the nobles of the people. Cogit: in the sense of congregat, vel convocat. 236. Fluunt in the sense of ruunt vel currunt. Plenis: in the sense of stipatis. 238. Sceptris: in power-authority. Regno, says Ruæus. Haud læta: sad-sorrow ful. 239. Ex Etola urbe: the city Arpi, built by Diomede. Remissos: returned. 242. Farier: for fari, by paragoge. Infit: in the sense of incipit. 243. Diomedem. Diomede was the son of Tydeus and Deïphyle, and king of Eto 225 230 235 240 245 lia. He was one of the most valiant captains at the siege of Troy. With Ulysses, he stole the Palladium from the temple of Minerva, at Troy, and attacked the camp of Rhesus, king of Thrace, whom they killed, and carried off his horses to the Grecian camp, before they had tasted the grass of Troy or drank the water of the Xanthus. On every occasion, he distinguished himself. He had a rencounter with Hector, and with Æneas; the latter was wounded by him, and would have been slain, if it had not been for the timely aid of Venus. During his absence from his home, his wife Ægiale had an amour with Cometes, one of her servants. Disgusted with her infidelity to him, he determined to leave his country, and came into that part of Italy called Magna Græcia. Here he built a city, and called it Argyrippa. He married a daughter of Danaus, king of the country. He died with extreme old age, in-law. His death was greatly lamented by or as some say, by the hands of his fatherhis companions; who, according to fable, were changed into birds resembling swans. They took their flight to some islands on remarkable for their tameness toward the the coast of Apulia, where they became Greeks, and for the horror with which they shunned all other nations. They are called the birds of Diomede. He was worshipped as a god. 244. Emensi: having measured out our journey-having finished our journey, &c. 245. Ilia tellus: in the sense of Trojanum regnum. Victor Gargani condebat Iapygis arvis. 247. Gargani: gen. of Garganus, a mountain in Apulia. Hodie, Monte di St. Angelo. A part of Apulia was called Iapygia, from Iapyx, the son of Dædalus, who settled in those parts. Iapygis: an adj. for Iapygii, agreeing with Gargani-Apulian. 248. Copia: leave-liberty. 254. Ignota bella: wars to which you are unaccustomed. Suadet: in the sense of impellit. Lacessere: in the sense of movere. 255. Quicunque violavimus: whoever of us violated, &c. The expression implies that it was sacrilege to injure them. 256. Exhausta: sustained-endured in fighting. Mitto: in the sense of omitto vel prætereo. 257. Premat: overwhelmed-bore away. Homer informs us that the river Simoïs, was so choaked with the dead bodies of those slain in one engagement, that its waters were interrupted in their course. To this, Diomede here alludes. The present tense is here used plainly for the past. 258. Expendimus: have endured unspeakable hardships, and suffered every punishment of our crimes. Ruæus says, luimus. The war of Troy proved ruinous to the Greeks as well as Trojans. Most of the Grecian heroes suffered extreme hardships on their return. Some perished on the voyage; and others found their kingdoms in a state of revolt, and their domestic peace destroyed. 259. Manus: a company to be pitied, even by Priam himself. The calamities which befell them, though conquerors, were greater than those which befell the vanquished. Even Priam might pity them. Triste: stormy-baleful. 260. Triste sidus: the storm, in which Ajax the son of Oileus was drowned, and the raging constellation Arcturus, by whose influence that storm was raised, are here ascribed to Minerva, whom that hero had offended by violating Cassandra in her temple. Caphereus: a rock on the island Euboea, where Ajax was shipwrecked. Hence the epithet ultor: the avenger. 262. Protei. The visit of Menelaus to Proteus, king of Egypt, is related at large in the Odyss. lib. 4. This account of the disasters of the Grecian chiefs after the downfall of Troy forms an agreeable episode. It is very natural for the poet to make the aged hero dwell upon the misfortunes of his companions in arms. And it is pleasing to see him, who was so active and fierce in the Iliad, and the first in every enterprise, laying aside his armor, and exhorting the ambassadors to peace. Homer informs us, that Menelaus wandered eight years in the seas in the neighborhood of Egypt, and went as far as the island of Pharos, the boundary of the realms of Proteus. Sir Isaac Newton observes, that Proteus was not the king of Egypt, but a governor or viceroy of the king, and governed. a part of lower Egypt. See Geor. iv. 388. Columnas: in the sense of terminos vel limi tes regni Protei. 263. Exulat: in the sense of errat. 264. Referam shall I mention the subverted realms, &c. Penates: the country of Idomeneus' overthrown. Rumus says domus, for Penates. He was king of Crete. See En. iii. 122. 265. Locros: the Locrians, on their return, it is said, were forced to the coast of Ipse Mycenæus magnorum ductor Achivûm 268. Adulter Ægysthus Oppetiit: devictam Asiam subsedit adulter. 269. Referam-ne Deos Invidisse Deos, patriis ut redditus oris invidisse mihi. ut ego Conjugium optatum, et pulchram Calydona viderem ? redditus 273. Factique aves lum Nunc etiam horribili visu portenta sequuntur : 279. Nec est mihi ul- Nec mihi cum Teucris ullum pòst eruta bellum Pergama; nec veterum memini, lætorve malorum. sunt: Nec memini, la- Munera, quæ patriis ad me portátis ab oris, 280. Pergama eruta tor-ve causâ veterum Vertite ad Æneam. Stetimus tela aspera contra, malorum Trojanorum. Contulimusque manus: experto credite, quantus 283. Credite mihi ex- In clypeum assurgat, quo turbine torqueat hastam. Si duo prætereà tales Idæa tulisset Terra viros; ultrò Inachias venisset ad urbes Dardanus, et versis lugeret Græcia fatis. perto NOTES. Africa, where they settled in the district called Pentapolis. 266. Mycenæus ductor: Agamemnon, who was king of Mycena, and commander in chief of the Greeks in the Trojan war. On his return home, he was slain by Egysthus, with whom his wife. Clytemnestra had an intrigue during his absence. She is therefore called nefandæ conjugis. Intra prima limina implies, that he was slain as soon as he entered his palace. Servius takes it in the sense of primo litore, implying, that he was murdered as soon as he arrived on the shore. 268. Subsedit devictam: he lay in wait for conquered Asia. By killing Agamemnon, Ægysthus hoped to succeed him in his government, and take possession of his conquests in Asia. Heyne takes Asiam devictam, in the sense of victorem Troja, the conqueror of Troy. Ruæus says, post Asiam devictam adulter insidiatus est ei. Davidson renders the passage: "the adulterous assassin possessed himself of conquered Asia." Valpy takes Asiam devictam, with Heyne. Oppetiit perished-was slain. 269. Invidisse Deos. Diomede, on account of the conduct of his wife, left his native country, and went into exile in Apulia. Venus is said to have sent upon him this domestic affliction, as a punishment for his wounding her in battle. To this circumstance the words invidisse Deos refer. Calydona: acc. sing. the name of his country. Invidisse: Ruæus says, obstitisse. Davidson says, "forbade." 269 275 280 285 274. Implent scopulos. On the coast of Apulia are several islands frequented by sea birds, into which it is said the companions of Diomede were changed. 276. Demens. Diomede here imputes all his misfortunes to the resentment of Venus. This gives importance to the goddess, the mother and protectress of Æneas. But he does not mention his having given Mars a wound also. From the time that he presumptuously assailed the Cœlestials, these evils were to have been expected. Demens: presumptuous-infatuated. 278. Ne verò: do not, do not urge me. The repetition of the ne is emphatic. 283. Contulimus manus: we engaged hand to hand. Virgil here compliments his hero, out of the mouth of Diomede. But the account which Homer gives of the rencounter is very different. He was wounded, and would have been slain, if he had not been rescued by Venus. 284. Assurgat. In the act of throwing the javelin, or dart, the shield was elevated on the left arm, to give full room for the action of the right arm. Turbine: in the sense of impetu. 285. Prætereà: beside him. Its proper place is after tales viros. If the Trojan land had produced, &c. Idea: an adj. from Ida, a mountain of Phrygia Minor, near the city of Troy. 286. Inachias: Grecian: so called from Inachus, one of the early kings of Greece. Ultrò: of their own accord-in offensive war 287. Dardanus. By this we are to up |