593. Vertêre eos rotis Excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis ; 590 Lucage, nulla tuos currus fuga segnis equorum 595 594. Tu ipse saliens Ipse rotis saliens juga deseris. Hæc ita fatus, Arripuit bijugos. Frater tendebat inermes Infelix palmas, curru delapsus eodem : 597. Oro per te, per Per te, per qui te talem genuêre parentes, parentes, qui 599. Eneas respondit illi oranti pluribus verbis 600. Tu frater ne de sere 600 Vir Trojane, sine hanc animam, et miserere precantis. More furens. Tandem erumpunt, et castra relinquunt Ascanius puer, et nequicquam obsessa juventus. 605 O germana, mihi atque eadem gratissima conjux ! 609. Non est illis viris Trojanas sustentat opes! non vivida bello dextra Dextra viris, animusque ferox, patiensque perîcli! Cui Juno submissa: Quid, ô pulcherrime conjux, Sollicitas ægram, et tua tristia dicta timentem ? 613. Si foret mihi Si mihi, quæ quondam fuerat, quamque esse decebat, eadem vis in amore, quæ Vis in amore foret! non hoc mihi namque negares Omnipotens ; quin et pugnæ subducere Turnum, NOTES. 590. Excussus: thrown-tost from his chariot. 591. Pius Eneas. Dr. Trapp observes the epithet pius seems a little incongruous, while he is insulting a fallen enemy. Some soldier-like epithet would seem much more proper for our hero on this occasion. But he is avenging the death of his friend Pallas, who had just been slain; and among the heathen, that was looked upon as an act of piety. 592. Lucage: Mr. Davidson observes, this is a very poor sentiment, an ill-timed affectation of wit, unworthy both of the poet and the hero. Virgil appears to have been led into it, from an over fondness for Homer. Nulla segnis: no slow flight of your horses, &c. 594. Juga: properly the yoke: here, the chariot. Sometimes, also, the horses, by meton. 598. Sine: spare, or save this life. In the sense of parce. Ruæus says, omitte. 601. Latebras animæ: the seat of life. Fuæus says, quo latet anima. Latebras is put in apposition with pectus. 607. Conjux. Juno was both the sister, and wife of Jove. Conjux is both a husband, and wife. 610 615 608. Venus, ut rebare, &c. This is said ironically, as appears both from the turn of the sentence, and the answer of Juno, which shows that she considered it in that light. How Venus supports the Trojan strength ! 609. Opes in the sense of vires. She gives strength, or power to the Trojans, to perform such mighty deeds. Vivida: in the sense of ardens. 611. Submissa: humble-submissive. 612. Ægram: afflicted-full of grief. The pron. me, is understood. 613. Si foret mihi vis: O, that there were the same force in my love-O, that I had the same influence over thy affections, &c. but I have lost it; for otherwise, thou wouldst not deny me this. 616. Possem: I would be able-I could desire to have power, &c. 617. Pereat: now he must perish, and make retribution, &c. This is said by Juno with a degree of indignation, that the favorite of Venus should thus prevail, and that the daughter should have more influence with Jove than the wife. Davidson renders the words det pœnas: "let him glut the vengeance of the Trojans with his pious blood." His blood Ille tamen nostrâ deducit origine nomen; Sub precibus venia ulla latet, totumque moveri Dat sinè mente sonum, gressusque effingit euntis. 620 625 625. Vacat mihi indulsisse tibi 630 635 640 631. Quòd, ô sit ita, ut potiùs 636. Tum Dea ornat Dardaniis telis tenuem umbram sinè viribus è cava nube, Instat cui Turnus, stridentemque eminùs hastam : Tum verò Ænean aversum ut cedere Turnus Credidit, atque animo spem turbidus hausit inanem : NOTES. 645 646. Illa imago vertit is called pious, because Turnus was descend- word augur, vel aruspex, is understood. ed from the gods. Ruæus says, dicor ignara veritatis. 619. Quartus pater. Turnus was the fourth in a direct line from Pilumnus, who is, therefore, called his fourth father. He was his great-grandfather's father. 620. Limina tua: in the sense of tua templa. 622. Mora: a delay-respite from. Caduco about to fall-doomed to fall by the hand of Æneas. Mox casuro, says Heyne. 623. Ponere: to settle, fix or determine. Constituere, says Heyne. Oratur: is asked by thee. 625. Vacat: in the sense of licet. Hac tenus: so far. 626. Venia: in the sense of gratia. 628. Gravaris: you are loth, or unwilling to grant by words. 629. Quid si dares. Juno here seems to express some fear, that her husband was not sincere in granting her even this favor. Mente: from your heart-sincerely. 630. Exitus: in the sense of mors. Vana here has the sense of ignara. Or else the 632. In miliùs taken adverbially, for the better. Orsa: in the sense of incepta. Que potes: who hast power. Jupiter could control the fates, by deferring, or impeding their purposes, or decrees. 634. Nimbo: in the sense of nube. 636. Tum Dea, &c. This is taken from Homer, Iliad v., where Apollo raises a phantom in the shape of Æneas. But Virgil has greatly improved upon the original. 638. Ornat: in the sense of instruit. 640. Effingit: represents. Ruæus says, exprimit. 641. Morte obitâ: after death-death being past. 642. Sopitos sensus: the slumbering senses -or senses buried in sleep. Quæ: in the sense of qualia. 646. Tergo dato: the back being turned toward Turnus, it fled from him. 647. Cedere: in the sense of fugere. 648. Turbidus: in the sense of tumens-elatus arrogantiâ. 655. Quâ nave rex Osi nius advectus fuerat à 650 655 660 649. Inquit, Enea, Quò fugis, Ænea? thalamos ne desere pactos: quò fugis? Hâc dabitur dextrâ tellus quæsita per undas. 650. Tellus quæsita Talia vociferans sequitur, strictumque coruscat per undas dabitur tibi hac mea dextrâ. Mucronem: nec ferre videt sua gaudia ventos. Fortè ratis, celsi conjuncta crepidine saxi, Expositis stabat scalis, et ponte parato, Quâ rex Clusinis advectus Osinius oris. Hùc sese trepida Æneæ fugientis imago Conjicit in latebras: nec Turnus segnior instat, Exsuperatque moras, et pontes transilit altos. Vix proram attigerat: rumpit Saturnia funem, 660. Rapitque navem Avulsamque rapit revoluta per æquora navem. avulsam à litore per re- Illum autem Æneas absentem in prælia poscit : Obvia multa virûm demittit corpora morti. Tum levis haud ultrà latebras jam quærit imago, Sed sublimè volans nubi se immiscuit atræ: Cùm Turnum medio intereà fert æquore turbo. Respicit ignarus rerum, ingratusque salutis, Et duplices cum voce manus ad sidera tendit: Omnipotens genitor, tanton' me crimine dignum Duxisti? et tales voluisti expendere pœnas? Quò feror? unde abii? quæ me fuga, quemve reducet ? Laurentes-ne iterum muros aut castra videbo ? Quid manus illa virûm, qui me meaque arma secuti ? Quosque, nefas! omnes infandâ in morte reliqui? Et nunc palantes video, gemitumque cadentûm voluta. 672. Quid illa manus virûm dicet, qui secuti sunt NOTES. 649. Pactos thalamos: the promised match. 652. Nec videt: nor does he perceive that the winds bear off his joys. This is a proverbial expression, denoting disappointment. Mucronem: in the sense of ensem. 653. Conjuncta: the ship was connected with, or moored to the top of a high rock. Crepidine, the abl. for crepidini, the dat. 654. Expositis: extended-reaching to the shore. These ladders and bridge had been made, for the purpose of landing troops from the vessel or ship. 655. Osinius. It is probable he was commander of these troops, or at least some distinguished man among his citizens; for rex does not always imply a king: sometimes a nobleman. Massicus appears to have been the king of Clusium. 657. Latebras. This word properly signifies any hiding place or place of concealment. Here it plainly means the hold of the ship, into which the shadow or image of Æneas concealed itself. 658. Moras: obstacles-hindrances. 660. Revoluta æquora: the rolling billows. Servius thinks revoluta is to be connected with navem by hypallage. But this is unnecessary here; for revoluta is a very proper epithet for the sea; whose surface is continually in motion. Valpy says, "through the ebbing tide." 665 669 674 666. Ingratus: unthankful for his safety. He considers it no favor to be rescued from the field of battle, where, if he fell, he should fall in the defence of his honor, and the glory of his country. 668. Duxisti. Rumus says, existimâti. Crimine: crime--disgrace--base actions. Didst thou consider me deserving of such an imputation, such disgrace upon my character, as that arising from deserting my dress, Turnus manifests the soldier and the companions in battle? Throughout this ad hero. Tanton': for tanto-ne. 669. Expendere: to suffer-undergo. 670. Quemve: or what sort of a personhow disgraced? Qualem, says Ruæus. Abii in the sense of discessi. 671. Castra. Turnus here means his own camp; perhaps the field of battle. By muros, he may mean the capital of his kingdom; or his country in general. 672. Manus virûm: that band of menthose troops of mine. Ruæus says, multi tudo hominum. Dicet is understood. 673. Nefas. This is here taken as an interjection. O, disgrace!-0, foul ingratitude! Infanda: in the sense of crudeli. Quosque: this is the common reading. Heyne has quos-ne: which he takes in the sense of eos-ne. 674. Palantes: fleeing-wandering, as being without a leader. Cadentûm: in the Accipio. Quid agam ? aut quæ jam satis ima dehiscat rupes, Quò neque me Rutuli, neque conscia fama sequatur. 679 685 690 676. Vos, O venti potiùs miserescite mei, et ferte ratem in rupes, in saxa 679. Conscia meæ fuga 685. Ter conatus est 686. Miserata dolorem animi 691. Atque instant viro uni, illi uni, omnibusque odiis 693. Ille manet immo 694 At Jovis intereà monitis Mezentius ardens NOTES. sense of morientûm. Accipio: in the sense of audio. 675. Dehiscat: can open sufficiently deep for me-in proportion to my crime. Agam. This is the common reading. Heyne has ago. 677 Adoro: in the sense of supplico. 682. Induat: in the sense of transfodiat. Crudum: in the sense of crudelem, vel nudum. Ruæus interprets it by durum. Heyne observes, that the Roman copy has microni in the dat., which he thinks preferable to the common reading, inasmuch, as it makes the sense of induat easier. In this case it would have the sense of irruat: he rushed or fell upon the point of his sword. Induo, compounded of in and duo vel do. Valpy takes it in the sense of transfodiat: whether he should stab himself, &c. 685. Utramque viam: each expedientway. 686. Miserata animi: pitying the anguish of his mind, restrained and prevented the youth from executing his purpose. Animi: this is the reading of Heyne. Dolorem, or a word of the like import, is understood as in the ordo. Ruæus and Davidson have animo. 687. Secundo fluctu: the waves and current being favorable. The motion of the 700 697. Unà cum quo sternit 699. Sed occupat Latagum quoad os, fa ciemque 701. Vertice capitis Nec non sternit waves carried the vessel forward: which is saying, in other words, that the wind was in his favor. Labitur: in the sense of provehitur. Alta: for maria. 691. Tyrrhena acies. The Tuscan troops accompanied Æneas, for the purpose of taking vengeance upon Mezentius, on account of the cruelties he had done, during his reign. And now they see him entering the fight, they rush upon him from all parts, and press him with their great efforts. But they are foiled in every attack. He stands their assaults like an immovable rock. The comparison is very significant. sea. 693. Prodit: projects, or extends into the Ruæus says, procurrit. 694. Obvia in the sense of opposita. Ponto to the sea-the rage of the sea. 696. Prolem: in the sense of filium. 699. Occupat Latagum: he strikes Latagus upon the mouth and face, as he stood opposite him. 700. Volvi segnem: to wallow, or roll on the ground-disabled and wounded. Rumus takes segnem, in the sense of jacentem. Sinit› he leaves him, &c. 701. Habere: in the sense of ferre. 705. Paris paternâ urbe ora habet In lucem genitori Amyco dedit; et face prægnans 707. Ac velut ille aper, actus de altis montibus morsu pastus 709. Laurentia palus defendit multos annos 712. Nec est virtus cuique 705 715 Pastus arundineâ ; postquam inter retia ventum est. 710 Substitit, infremuitque ferox, et inhorruit armos Nec cuiquam irasci propiùsve accedere virtus, Sed jaculis tutisque procul clamoribus instant; Ille autem impavidus partes cunctatur in omnes, Dentibus infrendens, et tergo decutit hastas." 716. Haud aliter, non Haud aliter, justæ quibus est Mezentius iræ, est animus ulli eorum, Non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro; quibus Missilibus longè, et vasto clamore lacessunt. Venerat antiquis Corythi de finibus Acron, Graius homo; infectos linquens profugus hymenæos Hunc ubi miscentem longè media agmina vidit, Purpureum pennis, et pactæ conjugis ostro: Impastus stabula alta leo ceu sæpè peragrans; 723. Ceu impastus leo Suadet enim vesana fames; si fortè fugacem bula 719 724 sæpè peragrans alta sta- Conspexit capream, aut surgentem in cornua cervum ; Sic ruit in densos alacer Mezentius hostes. Dr. 18, that in the very same night Theano bore Mimas, and Hecuba, Paris. Hence they are said to be of equal age, æqualem. Bentley observes, that creat is quite redundant: for the sentence is perfect without it. Beside, there is something incongruous in making creat, and dedit, in different tenses; and also the omission of the nom. to the verb occubat perplexes the sense. He, therefore, conjectures the reading, as Virgil left it, -unâ quem nocte Theano In lucem genitori Amyco dedit; et face must be: prægnans Cisseis regina Parin. Paris urbe paternâ occubat. Dedit: in the sense of peperit, vel protulit. 705. Paris. Heyne omits creat, which is the common reading, and substitutes Paris. 706. Ignarum: in the sense of ignotum. 707. Morsu: in the sense of latratu. Ille aper: a boar. Servius says the pron. ille is used by an idiom of the language, to ennoble or enlarge the subject. 716. Pastus. Servius thinks this is for pastum, agreeing with quem, by antiptosis. Dr. Bentley thinks the poet wrote pascit or pavit, whose nominative would be Laurentia palus. Sylva pastus: having fed upon reeds. The verb defendit is understood after palus Laurentia. Ventum est: in the sense of venit 730 711. Inhorruit armos: he bristles up his shoulders. 712. Irasci: to engage him-to wreak his vengeance on him. 714. Cunctatur. Ruæus says, opponit se. 716. Justæ iræ: for a just resentment. 720. Profugus. Ruæus says, advena. Davidson renders it, "deserted to Eneas." Hymenæos infectos: in the sense of nuptias imperfectas. 721. Miscentem: putting into confusionbreaking through the middle ranks. Ruæus says, turbantem. 722. Purpureum: red with plumes, and the purple of his betrothed spouse—which was given him by her. 724. Suadet: in the sense of urget, vel impellit. Vesana: excessive-immoderate. Fugacem: timorous. 725. Surgentem in cornua. This expresses the stately motion of a large stag, whose branching horns, as he moves along, seem to lift him up from the ground. 726. Comas: in the sense of jubam. 727. Incumbens. Some copies have accumbens. For lavit, the Roman copy hath lavat. Improba: hungry-ravenous. Visceribus: the flanks-aiming his deadly grasp at the flanks of the victim. 731. Infracta: in the sense of fracta |