T'urnum, qui volucri curru medium secat agmen. : At Rutulûm abscessu, juvenis tum jussa superba 461 Hunc ubi contiguum missæ fore credidit hastæ, Stat sua cuique dies; breve et irreparabile tempus NOTES. compensation for her violated chastity. See Æn. xii. 138. et sequens. 440. Secat: in the sense of dividit. 444. Cesserunt æquore jusso: retired from the commanded plain-from that part of the field of battle, where Pallas was, to make room for Turnus to advance against him. son. 447. Obit: surveys. Omnia may refer to his armor more particularly, than to his perThat had been mentioned just before. Truci visu: with a stern or steady look. 448. I: in the sense of dicit, vel respondet. 449. Spoliis opimis. For the spolia opima, see En. vi. 855-859. 450. Pater æquus. Dryden takes pater here for Jupiter, who, it is true, may be considered the father of all, just and impartial. But it is better to take it for Evander, the father of Pallas. It was the same thing to him whether his son were slain, or returned victorious. He was equally prepared for either event. Equus: in the sense of pa ratus. 470 452. Coit: congeals. It retired from the extremities to the heart; there thickened, and ceased to circulate. Such was the fear of the Arcadians for the issue of the combat. Apparat: in the sense of parat. 457. Contiguum: within reach of his missive spear. 460. Hospitium. Hercules, on his return from Spain, was entertained by Evander, and after the death of Cacus was magnificently worshipped. See En. viii. 184. et sequens. 461. Adsis: may you favor-aid. 462. Rapere: in the sense of auferre. 463. Ferant: may the dying eyes of Turnus endure to behold me victorious. 466. Natum: Hercules. He was the son of Jupiter by Alcmene, the wife of Amphitryon. Hence, sometimes called Amphitryoniades. 467. Stat: is fixed. 472. Ad metas dati ævi: to the end of his appointed life. Sic ait, atque oculos Rutulorum rejicit arvis. 476. Illa hasta volans Illa volans, humeris surgunt quà tegmina summa, incidit, quà summa Incidit, atque viam clypei molita per oras, In Pallanta diu librans jacit, atque ita fatur: 488. Arma dedêre sonitum super eum. Arcades, hæc, inquit, memores mea dicta referte 492. Remitto filium Evandro: qualem meruit, Pallanta remitto. Pallanta ei fœdè 475 480 485 490 495 495. Et fatus talia Quisquis honos tumuli, quicquid solamen humandi est, pressit eum exanimem Largior. Haud illi stabunt Eneïa parvo 497. Nefasque impres- Hospitia. Et lævo pressit pede, talia fatus, sum in eo, nempe, ma- Exanimem, rapiens immania pondera baltei, nus juvenum cæsa fuerit Impressumque nefas; unâ sub nocte jugali 501. O mens hominum Cæsa manus juvenum fœdè, thalamique cruenti; Quæ bonus Eurytion multo cælaverat auro: 503. Cùm optaverit Quo nunc Turnus ovat spolio, gaudetque potitus. se emptum esse magno Nescia mens hominum fati, sortisque futuræ, pretio Pallanta intactum Et servare modum, rebus sublata secundis! nescia esse 504. Diemque, quò Turno tempus erit, magno cùm optaverit emptum interfecit eum. Intactum Pallanta; et cùm spolia ista diemque NOTES. 473. Rejicit oculos: he turned his eyes from, &c. that he might not behold a death, which he would have prevented, but was not able. Ruæus interprets the words by retulit oculos ad campos. Heyne says, jacit retrò avertit. 477. Molita viam: opening, or making a way for itself, &c. A part. agreeing with hasta, understood. 478. Strinxit: it glanced from, &c. It hit his body, but did not wound him. 479. Robur: a dart, or javelin. Magè, for magis. 481. Penetrabile: penetrating. Adjectives of this form are generally passive in their signification. There are some few instances of their being used in an active sense. This is one of them. 482. Terga: in the sense of lamina: so many plates of iron, so many, &c. The spear of Turnus passed through (transverberat) the middle of his shield, which was composed of so many plates, &c. 483. Cùm in the sense of quamvis. Obeat : 500 circumdata: simply, for circumdatur. Or, circumdata may be taken in the sense of complicata: folded up-doubled. 485. Moras: any thing that prevents-a stop or hindrance. It is here used for the folds and texture of the coat of mail. 490. Assistens: in the sense of stans. 493. Humandi: a gerund in di, in the sense of humationis vel sepulchri. 494. Largior: I freely bestow, or grant it. Ruæus says, concedo. 497. Sub una jugali nocte, &c. The story of the daughters of Danaus, who murdered their husbands in the night of their marriage, is here meant. See nom. prop. under Danaïdes. 499. Eurytion. The name of some artificer. The belt of Pallas was covered or overlaid with gold; in which this horrid crime was carved or engraven. Bonus: skilful. Nefas: any great or horrid crime; also, a wicked or odious person. 502. Modum: moderation--bounds. Oderit. At socii multo gemitu lachrymisque 505 V510 Nec jam fama mali tanti, sed certior auctor Inde Mago procul infensam contenderat hastam : 515 507. O Palla, rediture dolor, atque magnum decus parenti! 516. Imprimis mensæ, quas primas ille tung advena adiit, 518. Hic rapit quatuor juvenes, creatos 520 Sulmone; totidem, quos Ufens educat, omnes viventes quos immolet tanquam inferias umbris Pallantis Vertitur: haud anima una dabit discrimina tanta. 530 532. Parce tuis natis multa talenta argenti NOTES. 506. Referunt: his friends gathering in crowds, (frequentes) carry his body from the field of battle: 507. O dolor, &c. This is an exclamation either of the poet, or of his companions, bearing away the dead body, with a view to the grief of Evander when he should hear of the death of his son. But his grief would be in some measure lightened by the consideration of his distinguished actions. 510. Auctor: in the sense of nuntius. Certior in the sense of certus. Fama: a report or rumor. 511. Tenui discrimine: in a small distance-in great hazard of. Modico interstitio mortis, says Servius. Parùm distare ab exitio, says Ruæus. 512. Suos socios is understood. Tempus: esse is understood. 514. Agit: in the sense of facit: he cuts down-forces with his sword, &c. 519. Umbris: the plu. for umbrâ in the sing. as in En. v. 81, which see. Inferias: offerings to the dead. These were poured upon, or into the grave. They were milk, honey, wine, &c. Upon these, it was supposed, the umbra feasted. 120. Perfundat: might wet, or sprinkle. 521. Contenderat: in the sense of mittebat. 522. Subit: he stoops. Astu: with dexterity. 524. Per patrios manes, &c. This address of Magus is imitated from Homer, Iliad vi. where Adrastus supplicates Agamemnon. But the Roman poet has much improved upon the Greek. Mr. Pope observes, that nothing could be a more artful piece of address than the first lines of this supplication, when we consider the character of Æneas, to whom it was made: per patrios Manes, &c. 526. Defossa penitùs: buried deep in the earth. 527. Pondera: masses: plu. of pondus. Auri facti. By this we are to understand, gold wrought into vases, statues, &c. Auri infecti: of bullion-gold unwrought. Cœlati: of embossed silver-silver carved or wrought into vases. 529. Tanta discrimina: so great differ chise sentiunt 534. Manes patris An- Hoc patris Anchise Manes, hoc sentit Iülus. Sic fatus, galeam lævâ tenet; atque reflexâ Cervice, orantis capulo tenus abdidit ensem. 536. Abdidit ensem tenus capulo in corpus ejus orantis. Nec erat Emonides procul, 535 Nec procul Æmonides, Phœbi Triviæque sacerdos, Infula cui sacrâ redimibat tempora vittâ, 539 Totus collucens veste atque insignibus armis. Quem congressus agit campo, lapsumque superstans 541. Ingentique um- Immolat, ingentique umbrâ tegit: arma Serestus brâ mortis. Lecta refert humeris, tibi, rex Gradive, trophæum. Instaurant acies, Vulcani stirpe creatus Cæculus, et veniens Marsorum montibus Umbro. 545. Umbro dejecerat Dardanides contrà furit. Anxuris ense sinistram, sinistram Anxuris ense, Et totum clypei ferro dejecerat orbem. et totum 545 Dixerat ille aliquid magnum, vimque affore verbo Tarquitus exsultans contrà fulgentibus armis, 552. Æneæ ardenti. Obvius ardenti sese obtulit: ille reductâ hæc 556. Super eum fatur 557. Tu, hostis metuende, 550 555 560 Protinùs Antæum et Lycam, prima agmina Turni, Persequitur fortemque Numam, fulvumque Camertem, Magnanimo Volscente satum; ditissimus agri NOTES. 538. Infula. This was a sort of diadem worn by priests and illustrious persons. The vitta was a kind of label or fillet, that hung down from the infula, on each side. Cui: in the sense of cujus. 540. Congressus: engaging, or meeting: a part. agreeing with Eneas. 541. Ingenti umbrâ: with the shades of death an everlasting shade. Ruæus says, magnis tenebris. Davidson says, "with the deep shades of death." Heyne thinks it refers to the shield and body of Æneas; which is a very singular interpretation. Superstans ingenti umbrâ tegit, says he. Tegit: in the sense of opprimit. 542. Arma lecta: his arms gathered up, to be a trophy to thee, O Mars, king of war. Gradivus, a name of Mars. 543. Acies: in the sense of pugnam. 545. Dardanides: Eneas. 546. Dejecerat: Umbro had cut off the left arm of Anxur just as Eneas came up. arm, He had thrown down his left and with it his shield fell to the ground. This, and some other embarrassed sentences, occur, particularly in this book, which plainly show that Virgil had not put the finishing hand to the Æneid. Totum orbem clypei: simply, the whole shield. 547. Vim: force-efficacy. Aliquid magпит. He had repeated some spell or incantation, which he hoped would prove efficacious against the darts of Æneas, and therefore he made head against him. Davidson says, "some mighty spell he had pronounced." Ruæus observes: magicis quibusdam consecrationibus et carminibus adversùs vulnera se munierat. Germanus, and some others think magicum should be read in the place of magnum. 551. Sylvicola: the dat. agreeing with Fauno: an inhabitant of the woods. Of sylva and colo. Creârat: in the sense of pepererat. 553. Hasta reductâ: his spear being drawn back, that he might throw it from him with greater force. Impedit: he encumbers, or renders useless to him, his corslet, &c. because his spear remained fast in them. 561. Prima agmina: the chief or principal leaders. They were so valiant, they were a host themselves. Heyne says, qui pugnant ante ordines vel qui in prima acie Dicta parat contrà; jaculum nam torquet in hostem. 586 NOTES. 564. Ausonidûm: gen. plu. for Ausonidarum, by syn. The Ausones were among the early inhabitants of Italy. Tacitis Amyclis. Amycle was a city of Latium, near Terracina, which is said to have perished through silence. The city having been frequently thrown into confusion by false alarms, at length a law was made that none of its inhabitants should mention the approach of an enemy. So that, when an enemy actually advanced against the city, it was suddenly destroyed for want of timely intelligence. Servius assigns another reason for the singular epithet of tacitæ. He observes, they held the doctrines of Pythagoras, which forbade them to offer any violence to serpents, and enjoined, at the same time, a silence of five years. At a time, a host of serpents issued from a lake near the city; the inhabitants refusing to attack them, fell a prey to them. ra. 565. Egaon: the son of Cœlus and TerThe same as Briareus. 568. Tot paribus clypeis. It is generally thought these words imply, that the number of his shields was equal to his arms or hands. But it is difficult to conceive how that could be. The warrior carried a shield only on his left arm; and with his right hand he wielded the sword, the javelin, &c. His shields and swords (enses,) doubtless, equalled together the number of his hands. But paribus may mean that they were all of equal size and shape. Streperet: in the sense of sonabat. 570. Ut semel: when once his sword, &c. Mucro: properly, the point of the sword, by synec. the whole sword. 571. Adversa pectora. By these words, we are to understand the breasts of the steeds, rather than the breast of the charioteer Niphæus. It gives us a higher idea of the courage of Eneas, who dared to stand against, and oppose the course of these horses. 572. Dirà: an adj. of the neu. plu. used as an adv. in imitation of the Greeks. 574. Effundunt: they throw out the driver. 575. Bijugis: bijugi is, properly, a pair of horses harnessed: by meton. the carriage in which they are harnessed. Of bis and jugum. Lucagus was drawn in a chariot by a pair of white horses. 578. Fervore: heat-violence. 583. His terris: on this spot-in this place. 584. Vesano Ligeri: from insolent Liger. Liger is declined like nouns of the third declension, some of which make the abl. in i, as well as in e. Et: also. 587. Admonuit: goaded on his horses with a dart-the point of his javelin, or dart. Rumus says, excitavit. |